Fault deformation mechanisms and fault rocks in micritic limestones: Examples from Corinth rift normal faults

A multidisciplinary study investigates the influence of different parameters on fault rock architecture development along normal faults affecting non-porous carbonates of the Corinth rift southern margin. Here, some fault systems cut the same carbonate unit (Pindus), and the gradual and fast uplift since the initiation of the rift led to the exhumation of deep parts of the older faults. This exceptional context allows superficial active fault zones and old exhumed fault zones to be compared.Our approach includes field studies, micro-structural (optical microscope and cathodoluminescence), geochemical analyses (δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, trace elements) and fluid inclusions microthermometry of calcite sin-kinematic cements.Our main results, in a depth-window ranging from 0 m to about 2500 m, are: i) all cements precipitated from meteoric fluids in a close or open circulation system depending on depth; ii) depth (in terms of P/T condition) determines the development of some structures and their sealing; iii) lithology (marly levels) influences the type of structures and its cohesive/non-cohesive nature; iv) early distributed rather than final total displacement along the main fault plane is the responsible for the fault zone architecture; v) petrophysical properties of each fault zone depend on the variable combination of these factors.     

水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土力学特性试验研究

使用低成本高硅铝矿物掺合料可在提升水泥土工程性能的同时降低水泥用量。通过开展系列抗压强度试验研究了水泥偏高岭土掺比、水/水泥偏高岭土比、凝胶总掺量和养护龄期对水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土抗压强度的影响规律,归纳了水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土的强度经验公式。结果表明：将水泥和偏高岭土按质量比5:1混合用于粉砂土稳定时可获得最佳强度提升,节约1/6水泥消耗,且该掺比关系不因凝胶总掺量变化而改变;水泥复合偏高岭土稳定粉砂土抗压强度随水/水泥偏高岭土比增加近似线性降低,随凝胶总掺量增加线性提升,随龄期发展而提高,其28天强度增加趋势仍未趋缓;总结归纳了四个关于强度影响因素的经验预测公式。该研究成果可为水泥偏高岭土用于复合稳定工程软弱土提供理论参考。     

Field testing of stiffened deep cement mixing piles under lateral cyclic loading

Construction of seaside and underground wall bracing often uses stiffened deep cement mixed columns (SDCM). This research investigates methods used to improve the level of bearing capacity of these SDCM when subjected to cyclic lateral loading via various types of stiffer cores. Eight piles, two deep cement mixed piles and six stiffened deep cement mixing piles with three different types of cores, H shape cross section prestressed concrete, steel pipe, and H-beam steel, were embedded though soft clay into medium-hard clay on site in Thailand. Cyclic horizontal loading was gradually applied until pile failure and the hysteresis loops of lateral load vs. lateral deformation were recorded. The lateral carrying capacities of the SDCM piles with an H-beam steel core increased by 3-4 times that of the DCM piles. This field research clearly shows that using H-beam steel as a stiffer core for SDCM piles is the best method to improve its lateral carrying capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity.     

水泥土搅拌桩在垃圾填埋场地基处理中的应用

水泥土搅拌桩作为加固软土地基的一种成熟方法,适用于多种成因的饱和软粘土与粉土等地基。通过工程实例,介绍了水泥土搅拌桩在用于垃圾填埋场复合地基中,提高地基承载力与减少地基沉降量,保证垃圾堆体及地基整体稳定的作用,供类似工程参考。     

储层成岩产物对于油气运移的指示意义——以塔里木盆地群苦恰克构造带东河塘组为例

泥盆系东河塘组下段砂岩储层是塔里木盆地群苦恰克构造带内重要的勘探层系,有关储层内油气充注方向与富集规律的研究目前仍未有统一认识。研究层段内碳酸盐胶结物(主要为白云石和铁白云石胶结物)分布较为广泛,其中作为早成岩阶段产物的白云石胶结物的含量在平面上呈现出自东向西依次增加的趋势; 而铁白云石胶结物则以交代先期形成白云石胶结物的形式产出于中成岩阶段,略滞后于储层内的油气充注,其胶结程度在平面上呈现出自东向西依次减弱的分布规律。铁白云石胶结物作为反映储层内较强还原环境的指示性矿物,其在储层内的分布规律也承担着判明油气运移方向或富集规律的"责任",而其上述分布规律为研究区储层内油气自东向西充注提供了全新的判定依据。     

干拌水泥碎石桩加固路基现场试验研究

针对京珠高速公路漯周界K421＋642-K421＋975段路基病害问题,采用干拌水泥碎石桩予以加固。为了研究其加固效果,现场试验段分为5个区,每区6根桩,桩长6m,成孔直径150mm,桩间距1m×1m,重锤120kg,每个区桩的每层虚填料高度、夯击次数不同。通过载荷试验、动力触探试验检测结果对比分析得出以下结论：每层虚填料高度小于40cm,夯击7次时,桩体达到密实状态,单桩承载力极限值达到400kPa,满足设计要求;通过静力触探、瑞利波测试及室内试验对比,分析加固前后路基土的变化,发现加固后路基含水量降低,路基的承载力和沉降得到改善。运行路基没有再出现唧泥、翻浆、路面病害等问题。上述分析和治理方法可为类似工程病害治理提供参考。     

钻井液水泥钙侵问题分析与处理技术研究

在钻探施工的下套管固井、水泥封孔等作业中,不可避免地会发生水泥对钻井液的污染,使钻井液性能发生改变,不能满足正常钻进工作需要。针对这一问题,从水泥水化机理出发,结合粘土颗粒扩散双电层理论分析了水泥对钻井液污染的原因,并针对其钙侵特点提出一套行之有效的解决方案,对以后的水泥固井、水泥封孔施工的钻井液处理和维护有借鉴意义。     

Beachrock as evidence of sea-level lowstand during the classical period,Parion antique city,Marmara Sea,Turkey

Results obtained from beachrock lying on the north coast of the antique city of Parion in Çanakkale province, NW Turkey, are presented based on field data, petrographic analyses, cement fabrics, and radiocarbon dating. Extending to 20?m offshore at a depth of ?2?m, the studied 50-cm thick beachrock is poorly sorted lithic sandstone. Both exposed and submerged parts are characterized by sequentially precipitated marine phreatic and vadose cements composed of micrite encrustations with micro-organism borings, pseudopeloidal aggregates of high-Mg calcites with scalenohedral habits and meniscus bridges. Radiocarbon ages point to a deposition during the classical period when the sea level was below (between ?1 and ?1.5?m) that of the present. The beachrock witnesses a granule- and pebble-dominated wide beach prior to cementation, suggesting that Parion’s fortification walls were behind the coastline during this lowstand and raises questions concerning the existence of a harbor north of the city.     

挥发性有机物污染泥浆固化稳定化试验研究

针对有机污染场地修复施工过程中出现的冒浆现象,选取2种典型有机污染泥浆,通过多组室内试验,对比分析了4种固化剂的固化稳定效果。结果表明：4种固化剂均有较好的减水效果,典型泥浆I的含水率28 d降幅可达45%,而典型泥浆II的28 d减水效果以固化剂A（5%水泥）最优,其含水率降幅为37%;固化土样孔隙水电导率EC随龄期先升高后降低,其峰值出现在3 d或7 d;固化土样pH值总体随龄期而增大,且典型泥浆II的pH值明显高于典型泥浆I;泥浆固化后qu值随龄期发展而快速增长,且典型泥浆I强度远高于典型泥浆II,并以固化剂A、C固化增强效果最佳,28 d时固化剂C固化的典型泥浆I、II的qu值分别达到233、48 kPa;添加固化剂尤其是含凹凸棒土的固化剂B、D能有效降低有机污染物的浸出,其28 d龄期对典型泥浆I、II的稳定率超过81%。固化泥浆EC、pH值与qu值关系具有明显规律,可反映其强度生长状况。     

水泥改良高液限黏土动态回弹模量试验研究

利用动三轴试验,研究了水泥改良高液限黏土动态回弹模量的影响因素及其变化规律。研究表明,动态回弹模量随围压、压实度和水泥含量的提高而增大,随循环偏应力和含水率的增大而减小。为分析动态回弹模量的应力依赖性,研究采用了双因素方差分析。分析表明,偏应力与围压均对动态回弹模量有显著性影响,但偏应力的影响更为显著。鉴于动态回弹模量是偏应力和体应力的函数,在分析现有动态回弹模量本构模型适应性的基础上,采用偏应力和体应力为变量的3参数复合模型对试验数据进行回归分析,结果表明,所选模型具有较高的决定系数,证明所选模型具有较高的合理性与可靠性。研究获得了不同含水率、压实度和水泥剂量下水泥改良高液限黏土的动态回弹模量预估模型,为基于动力学的路面结构设计提供了参数。