山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查与评价

介绍了山东省东部地区农业生态地球化学调查与评价工作取得的一些基本成果以及该区存在的生态地球化学问题。调查与评价结果显示,Zn,Pb,Cu,Se,Cd,S,P,Hg,N,OrgC等元素或指标在表生作用或人类活动等因素影响下,使表层土壤含量明显大于深层;总体上该区地球化学环境质量优良,Ⅲ类和劣Ⅲ类土壤仅占全区总面积的0.13%,主要分布在矿集区和城镇周边,主要污染元素为Cd,Cr,Ni,Hg。浅层地下水大部分元素或指标处于自然低背景含量状态,部分水样总硬度超标,溶解性总固体、NO2-和F-等超标,已不适合饮用。该区存在的生态地球化学问题有：①山地丘陵区土壤pH值低,且表层土壤具有向强酸、强碱两极化发展的趋势,易引起重金属元素活化,危害人类健康;②沿海地带土地贫瘠,N,P和有机质等营养水平多属缺乏级;③莱州-烟台和牟平-乳山矿集区以及人口密集的城镇地带表层土壤Hg,Cd,Pb,Zn,Se,S等元素污染严重。地质高背景、酸性的表生环境和工业污染的共同作用,是造成环境中重金属元素含量较高的主要原因。     

基于三点击实法的压实度评估方法

基于三点击实法的基本原理,提出了压实度的评估方法。该方法考虑了击实试样初始含水率与碾压现场含水率的误差,得到不同误差组合下的真实压实度,并由此得到真实压实度的取值范围、真实压实度大于某个临界值或设计指标的概率及近似压实度相比于真实压实度偏大或偏小的概率。该方法可获得压实度更加详细的信息,有利于对施工质量作出准确判断。     

采煤塌陷区土地质量评价指标体系探讨——以徐州矿区为例

简要回顾采煤塌陷区土地质量研究状况,根据科学性、代表性、可行性、敏感性的原则,以徐州市采煤塌陷区为研究对象,运用PSR概念模型,尝试给出针对具体采煤塌陷区的土地质量评价指标体系。体系共分为3层23个指标,较全面的涵盖了社会经济、物理化学、政策法规等不同范畴。     

设计变更统计分析为质量改进指出方向

持续提高设计质量,是工程设计企业永恒的目标。设计变更是工程建设过程中的客观存在,是设计的延伸,也是保证工程实体质量的一个重要环节。本文介绍如何利用数理统计方法,对设计变更进行统计和分析,为设计质量改进指出方向。     

模拟酸雨对东北地区农作物生长、生理及品质的影响

通过模拟试验,研究不同pH模拟酸雨胁迫对农作物(小白菜)生长、生理及品质的影响,量化不同pH酸雨对小白菜的影响程度。试验结果表明:小白菜植株受害与pH密切相关,酸性越强,胁迫影响越显著,受害程度越重。随着酸雨酸性增强,小白菜生长受抑,生物量、株高等明显降低,食部鲜质量、干质量受影响程度比根部鲜质量、干质量大。在酸雨胁迫下,小白菜游离氨基酸总量、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和维生素C含量均出现不同程度的降低,且酸性越强,受影响幅度越大,弱酸条件下可在一定程度上促进营养物质的合成。酸雨可抑制叶绿素类与类胡萝卜素合成,影响光合作用,最终导致产量降低、品质下降。     

《煤炭资源勘查煤质评价规范》主要条文解释

依据《煤炭资源勘查煤质评价规范》MT/T1090-2008,结合规范编写过程中的体会和多年的煤质工作经验,从煤炭资源勘查煤质工作基本要求、煤样采取、煤样的包装送检和保存、煤样的测试、煤质评价和煤质报告等6个方面对该规范进行了解释和补充说明。重点解读了煤质测试项目要求、煤质测试单位资质、如何进行煤质评价和煤质报告的主要内容,补充了几种特殊试验煤心煤样的采取、主要的煤质测试项目标准等。     

土地质量地球化学评估与农用地分等成果整合方法研究——以浙江嘉善县和慈溪市为例

土地质量地球化学等级与农用地分等是土地质量的重要组成部分,土地质量调查成果可为各级政府开展土地数量、质量管理和生态管护提供重要的科技支撑。本文在对土地质量、土地质量评价以及土地质量地球化学评估、农用地分等概念进行界定的基础上,以浙江省嘉善县和慈溪市为例,探讨了土地质量地球化学评估结果与农用地分等成果整合方法,对比研究叠加法和因素法的原理与方法、整合效果以及存在的优缺点。研究认为;因素法重新构建评价体系,较为系统全面,但现实中难以做到;而叠加法保持各自成果的独立性,虽不够系统,但操作简便易行,是现阶段两种成果整合在方法上的最佳选择。     

Global extent and distribution of artificial, residential waterways in estuaries

Artificial residential waterways are now widespread in the world’s estuaries. We used the global mapping tool, Google Earth, to determine that there are nearly 4000 linear km of artificial waterways globally, covering an area of 270 km². Residential waterways constructed as open, flow-through canal estates are at their greatest extent in North America (77% of global linear extent), where systems are typically longer and narrower, with more openings and dead-ends than systems elsewhere. The remaining canal estates are spread across all other continents except Antarctica: Asia (7%), Europe (7%), Oceania (7%), South America (0.9%), and Africa (0.6%). A relatively recent design change from open canals to artificial estuarine lakes with tidal barriers has occurred on all continents except Africa, most extensively in Australia (14 km² area, 57 independent systems). The extremely large expansion in artificial residential waterways aimed at increasing opportunities for waterfront living by humans has also modified and expanded estuarine habitat available to aquatic biota. Research can best underpin planning and management of these types of waterways by focussing on their value as habitat and their provision of other goods and services.     

Inter-basin movements of Mediterranean sperm whales provide insight into their population structure and conservation

The sperm whale is one of the very few deep diving mammal species in the Mediterranean Sea. Following a rare mass stranding of male sperm whales in the Adriatic Sea in December 2009, photo-identification methods were used in order to investigate previous sightings of the stranded whales in the region. Fluke photos of the stranded whales were compared with those of 153 and 128 free-ranging individuals photographed in the western and eastern Mediterranean basins, respectively. Three out of the seven stranded whales had been previously photo-identified and some of them more than once. To reach the stranding place, two of these re-identified whales performed long-range inter-basin movements of about 1600-2100 km (in a straight line) either through the Strait of Sicily or the Strait of Messina. In addition, comparisons among all whales photographed in the two Mediterranean basins revealed that one more individual first photographed in the western basin (1991) was re-identified 13 years later in the eastern basin (2004). These three cases provide the first conclusive evidence of inter-basin movement of sperm whales in the Mediterranean Sea. Inter-basin gene flow is important for the survival of the small and endangered Mediterranean sperm whale population. Mitigating the disturbance created by human activities in the straits area is crucial for its conservation.     

中药对合浦珠母贝插核手术伤口愈合效果和珍珠质量的影响

研究了3种中药对合浦珠母贝（Pinctada fucata）插核手术后体重日增长速度、伤口的愈合效果及其对珍珠质量的影响。试验采用白藜芦醇、芦荟胶和云南白药对插核伤口进行单次处理（插核手术后及时处理）和3次处理（手术后第5天和第10天分别进行第2次和第3次处理）,对体质量日增长速度、愈合率和珍珠质量进行统计分析。结果显...