Hydrocarbons in coastal sediments from the Mediterranean sea (Gulf of Fos area, France)

Sedimentary hydrocarbons have been studied quantitatively and qualitatively in 11 coastal stations located in the Gulf of Fos (French Mediterranean coast). Hydrocarbon levels ranged from 10 to 260 mg kg(-1) sed. dry weight. A new parameter "NAR" (Natural n-alkane ratio) is proposed to evaluate the contribution of terrestrial inputs of hydrocarbons in the sediments. The origins of hydrocarbons are multiple: terrestrial inputs, biogenic, pyrolytic (industry emissions mainly steel and iron industries, ship and road traffic). Generally, the main source of contamination is not petroleum. Several ratios between parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons show that the sources of hydrocarbons in the sediments are generally much more pyrolytic than petrogenic.     

瓦里关及西宁PM_(10)和多环芳烃谱分布的观测研究

为了研究青海瓦里关和西宁PM10中多环芳烃污染特征及其来源,于2007年5月24日～6月1日在青藏高原东北部的瓦里关大气本底站和青海气象台进行了观测并各采集7组气溶胶样品,分析了PM10质量浓度、粒径分布和多环芳烃谱分布特征。结果表明,瓦里关PM10日均浓度为24.85μg.m-3,粒径分布呈三模态;西宁PM10日均浓度为65.25μg.m-3,呈明显双模态。瓦里关积聚态颗粒物质量百分比大于西宁观测点。瓦里关PM10中多环芳烃含量远低于同季节西宁地区,浓度值为8.38ng.m-3;高分子量的PAHs主要集中在细颗粒上,而粗颗粒上低分子量PAHs相对较多。两地区高分子量多环芳烃均为单峰分布。后向轨迹分析表明,瓦里关PM10中PAHs污染与西宁市以及黄河河谷工业带方向的输送密切相关。     

Distributions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Daliao River Estuary of Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea (China)

The distributions of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in the aqueous phase, suspended particulate matter (SPM), sediment, and pore water of the Daliao River Estuary in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea (China). Total PAH concentrations ranged from 139.16 to 1717.87 ng L⁻¹ in surface water, from 226.57 to 1404.85 ng L⁻¹ dry weight in SPM, from 276.26 to 1606.89 ng g⁻¹ dry weight in sediments, and from 10.20 to 47.27 μg L⁻¹ in pore water. PAH concentrations were at relatively moderate levels in water, SPM, sediment and pore water in comparison with those reported for other estuary and marine systems around the world. Sedimentary PAH concentrations decreased offshore owing to active deposition of laterally-transported river-borne particles. PCA analysis of the possible PAH source suggested petrogenic and pyrolytic PAH inputs in the studied region.     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷原油芳烃化合物组成和分布特征

通过色谱-质谱分析,对海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷35个原油样品进行聚类分析,将之分成4类.Ⅰ类原油是贝尔凹陷原油主体,占分析样品的77%,特点足菲系列含量高,平均值为64.7%,三芳甾类化合物和三芴类化合物含量次之,分别为11.42%和11.81%.Ⅱ类原油为高三芳甾类原油,三芳甾类化合物占芳烃化合物的53.9%,是该类原油的主要成份,非系列化合物含量较低,为32.5%,萘系列含量和三芴化合物含量最低,分别为0.6%和3.54%.Ⅲ类原油为高菲系列和高萤蒽含量原油,菲系列为64%,萤蒽含量高达11%,是其它原油的16倍以上.Ⅳ类原油具有高萘、高三芴化合物和低菲系列化合物的特点,分别占原油芳烃馏分的30%、32%和26%,三芳甾类化合物含量低,占3.6%.这充分说明海拉尔箍地烃源岩沉积期间有不同的沉积环境,原油有不同的牛烃母质.Ⅱ类原油以藻类为主要生烃母质,Ⅲ类原油以高等植物为主,Ⅰ类原油介于Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类原油之间,为混合型生烃母质.Ⅳ原油沉积环境和前三类原油明显不同,为咸水强还原湖相沉积环境.     

快速溶剂萃取(S-916)/GC-MS法测定土壤中15种多环芳烃

本文建立了S-916快速溶剂萃取仪(Buchi瑞士)快速萃取-气相色谱-质谱仪(GC-MS联用测定土壤中15种多环芳烃(PAHs)含量的方法。土壤样品经正己烷、丙酮快速溶剂萃取,除水浓缩后,利用硅酸镁小柱进行净化,直接进GC-MS测定。结果表明,在5. 0～1000. 0μg/L浓度范围内,15种PAHs的相关系数均在0. 996以上,RF RSD<12%,加标回收率在80%～117%之间,15种PAHs的最低检出限均低于0. 40μg·kg^-1.该方法灵敏、快速、准确可靠,完全满足实验室对土壤中PAHs的检测要求,可为土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染情况提供快速检测依据。     

厦门西港表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的含量、分布及来源

采用气相色谱与质谱联用(GC／MS)技术,通过3个航次对厦门西港沉积物中16种优先监控的PAHs的污染状况进行不同季节的连续调查。结果表明,厦门西港沉积物中检出的PAHs均以4—6环的为主,其中荧葸和芘在不同航次及不同站位均为优势组分。PAHs的总含量变化不明显,但高分子量的PAHs(5—6环)的含量却有升高的趋势。厦门西港沉积物中的PAHs主要来源于矿物的不完全燃烧,与1993年的调查结果相比,厦门西港沉积物中PAHs的含量有所减少,与国内外其他相似地区比较属中等水平。