扇三角洲沉积体系及其与油气聚集关系

扇三角洲沉积体系是断陷盆地中极为发育的一种沉积体系,主要由扇三角洲平原组合、扇三角洲前缘组合和前三角洲沉积构成,可识别出9种成因相。受沉积物供给速率、可容空间增长速率及盆缘断裂产状等因素控制可划分出退积型、加积型、前积型、陡坡型和缓坡型5种扇三角洲类型。位于扇三角洲平原的辫状分流河道砂体及其位于扇三角洲前缘的与之有成因联系的水下分流河口坝、洪水型重力流砂体等物性好,可以构成优质储层。含油性勘探成果亦证实各主力油层段平面上主要分布于扇三角洲前缘及分流间湾区,小部分位于扇三角洲平原区。受埋藏深度和成岩场的影响,不同地区、不同层位主力油层段的物性与岩性相关性各异。因此,应用沉积体系分布与油气聚集规律挖掘剩余油层及进行远景区预测是有效的与可行的。     

Characteristics of Energy Accumulation and Release of Seismogenic Tectonics and Seismic Risk Analysis in Some Areas in the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang1

INTRODUCTIONHowtocombinethestudyofseismogenictectonicswithearthquakepredictionisanurgentscientificdifficulty .Thereexistbiggapsbetweenstudymethodsandcurrentknowledgeonseismogenitectonics ,earthquakeprediction ,seismogenesisandthephysicsofearthquakeoccurre…     

固化铅污染土的干湿循环耐久性试验研究

在商用高岭土、膨润土与商业黄砂混合物中加入硝酸铅溶液,添加水泥和石灰两种固化剂,采用室内压实制样方法获得固化的铅污染土试样。进行干、湿循环试验,测试固化体的质量损失和无侧限抗压强度等参数随干、湿循环次数的变化规律,评价固化铅污染土的干、湿耐久性。测试结果表明,本试验8种配比的试样都满足干、湿循环的要求;黏土矿物为膨润土的试样干、湿循环耐久性比黏土矿物为高岭土的试样要差;水泥固化土的干、湿循环耐久性要略优于石灰固化土;加入 8 000 mg/kg的铅可略增大土体的抗干、湿循环耐久性。水泥和石灰固化/稳定化重金属污染土时,土体中含水率是保证加固效果的关键参数之一。土体中含水率应能满足固化剂充分水化、水解、火山灰和碳酸化反应之需要。     

Late Quaternary tephrostratigraphy and pollen stratigraphy of Uwa Formation,Shikoku Island,SW Japan: Reconsidering the MIS 11 super-interglacial horizon

We investigated a late Quaternary terrestrial sedimentary sequence (Uwa Formation) in core IC2, from a site adjacent to that of the reported core IC on NW Shikoku Island, SW Japan, and developed its tephra and pollen stratigraphy to refine the age model of the formation. First, we identified 19 horizons with high glass shard concentrations in the IC2 core sediments as possible tephras or cryptotephras, and correlated them with reported tephras on the basis of the major- and trace-element compositions of their glass shards. All correlated widespread tephras and cryptotephras were products of volcanoes in the Kyushu volcanic zone (Aso, Kakuto, Aira, Ata, and Kikai calderas). Second, we confirmed the presence in core IC2 of two pollen zones dominated by Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis, which is an indicator of very warm interglacial vegetation. In the Japanese Islands, these two vegetation zones have usually been considered to characterize marine isotopic stages (MISs) 1 and 11. A previous study of the Uwa Formation correlated the upper pollen zone to MIS 1, but the lower zone was not correlated to MIS 11; rather, it was inferred to be older than MIS 12 because it was stratigraphically below the “Oda” tephra (equivalent to a distal Kasamori 5 [Ks5] tephra [MIS 12]). In this study, however, noting that the Naruohama-IV tephra (Nh-IV; MIS 10d) and Ks5 cannot be distinguished by their shard chemistries, we inferred that the suggested “Oda” tephra actually correlates to Nh-IV, rather than to the Ks5 tephra. By re-assigning the “Oda” tephra to Nh-IV, we could correlate the underlying Quercus subgen. Cyclobalanopsis-abundant zone to MIS 11 and, consequently, a pair of pollen zones indicating cool and warm conditions below the MIS 11 pollen zone to MISs 12 and 13, respectively. The resulting age model whereby tephra and pollen constraints are integrated showed a roughly constant sedimentation rate from MIS 13, without any long-term gaps; further, our MIS 13 horizon in core IC2 corresponds to the reported 1 Ma tephra horizon in core IC. Therefore, these findings represent a dramatic change in the Uwa Formation age model and validate the Uwa Formation as one of the most useful terrestrial archives of Quaternary tephrostratigraphy and paleoclimatic fluctuation in SW Japan.     

Coupled Model of Two-phase Debris Flow, Sediment Transport and Morphological Evolution

The volume fraction of the solid and liquid phase of debris flows,which evolves simultaneously across terrains,largely determines the dynamic property of debris flows. The entrainment process significantly influences the amplitude of the volume fraction. In this paper,we present a depth-averaged two-phase debris-flow model describing the simultaneous evolution of the phase velocity and depth,the solid and fluid volume fractions and the bed morphological evolution. The model employs the Mohr–Coulomb plasticity for the solid stress,and the fluid stress is modeled as a Newtonian viscous stress. The interfacial momentum transfer includes viscous drag and buoyancy. A new extended entrainment rate formula that satisfies the boundary momentum jump condition(Iverson and Ouyang,2015) is presented. In this formula,the basal traction stress is a function of the solid volume fraction and can take advantage of both the Coulomb and velocity-dependent friction models. A finite volume method using Roe's Riemann approximation is suggested to solve the equations. Three computational cases are conducted and compared with experiments or previous results. The results show that the current computational model and framework are robust and suitable for capturing the characteristics of debris flows.     

承德地区石炭-二叠系层序岩相古地理

将层序地层学方法应用于岩相古地理研究中,首先建立承德地区石炭一二叠系层序地层格架,然后以四级层序为基本编图单元,编制岩相古地理图。分析了石炭一二叠系的沉积演化特征,讨论了层序地层、岩相古地理与聚煤作用的关系。在研究区识别出2个三级层序、5个四级层序、8个五级层序;揭示了海平面升降变化对成煤沼泽发育的控制,认为层序DS1的海侵或海退最大点处的四级层序Ⅲ控制了研究区两个主采煤层的发育。该结论对该区聚煤规律的研究和煤炭资源预测有一定的参考价值。     

生物降解作用对烷基萘异构体分布的影响及其控制因素

在受到溢油污染的海滩上采集不同时间序列的石油样品,对芳烃组分烷基萘中的三甲基萘和四甲基萘各异构体的生物降解过程响应进行了详细分析。研究揭示,三甲基萘比四甲基萘更易被生物降解,其中1,2,7-三甲基萘、2,3,6-三甲基萘、2,3,6,7-四甲基萘、1,2,3,7-四甲基萘和1,3,5,7-四甲基萘等异构体具有相对较高的生物降解效率,与最近 Ostojié等利用理论模型计算所给出的降解序列十分一致,进一步证实了烷基萘在表生环境中的降解主要受控于异构体萘环上取代基的数量和位置。研究结果对于表生环境中萘系物类多环芳烃污染的生物修复评价具有重要指导意义。     

杭州商业街道空间布局形态关键要素对周边风环境的影响

利用基于计算流体力学（CFD）理论的数值模拟软件,在不影响街道连续性面貌的前提下,通过控制变量法分别改变街道贴线率、街道界面密度、街道高宽比3个关键要素的数值来观察街道风环境的变化情况。结论主要有： 街道内的风速大小随着街道贴线率的增大呈抛物线趋势变化,先增大后减小,在街道贴线率接近70%时,城市街道内风速达到最大; 随着界面密度的不断减小,城市街道内各个测点的风速变化的幅度越来越大,这样会让在其中行走的行人感受到强烈的风速变化,舒适度大为下降; 城市街道内的平均风速和街道高宽比成反比例关系。     

南北地震带北段近期地壳变形特征研究

利用1999～2007期和2007～2009期GPS速度场、应变率场、断层滑动速率和GPS速度剖面等数据,识别出了南北地震带北段主要断裂带及其邻近地区的显著变形差异。结果表明,庄浪河断裂带左旋剪切变形明显增强,祁连地块北边界左旋剪切变形明显增强;2007～2009期六盘山断裂和海原断裂带挤压变形也有所增强,但量值不大。上述特征表明,庄浪河以东地区存在较高的应变积累背景。     

纯氢与掺氢天然气节流特性及节流系数预测新方法

井筒气水两相管流节流前后动态特性分析与控制,对保障致密气等高压含水气井高效稳定安全开采和水合物防治具有重要意义。考虑等熵绝热、等压热容、等容热容、不同井深节流能量等因素,推导气水两相流体流经喷嘴的能量、动能和温度动态变化等热力学微分方程组,建立高压含水气井两相节流能量、节流系统热量、节流物质平衡和流体质量流量变化等井下节流场数学模型,提出一种气水两相井筒节流前后动态特性分析与控制方法,为优化井下节流器及其节流喷嘴的结构参数和保障气井流动安全提供理论依据。最后依据数值模拟手段及其判断结果,以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁−吉县区块为例进行验证,以揭示高压含水气井喷嘴尺寸和深度、含水率、节流前压力和温度对节流前后动态特性的影响规律。结果表明：高压含水气井气水两相流体质量流量先是随节流压力比减小而呈指数级增大,并在压力比降至0.55阈值附近时达到最大值,增大喷嘴下入深度和含水率、同时降低节流前压力和温度,可提高节流后温度,有利于抑制水合物生成;且节流过程临界质量流量受喷嘴内径的影响最大,含水率和节流前压力次之,而节流前温度和喷嘴深度的影响最小,且增加含水率会提高临界质量流量,但产气量也随之下降;大宁–吉县区块现场工程实例分析表明,井下节流喷嘴内径由3.0 mm扩至5.0 mm和节流前压力由14 MPa增至18 MPa时,气水两相流体的临界质量流量提升幅度分别为179.3%和27.8%,而利用地层温度等将节流前温度由313 K升至333 K时,节流过程临界质量流量反而小幅下降且下降幅度仅为5.15%,为此,增大喷嘴内径及其下入深度和节流前压力同时降低节流前温度,有利于提高气水两相流体节流过程中临界质量流量,并提升高压含水气井的产气量。