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991.
程永锋  丁士君 《岩土力学》2012,33(11):3230-3236
沙漠风积沙地基输电线路杆塔基础设计是当前我国电网建设中的关键研究课题之一。沙漠风积沙属于特殊土地基,这种地基上的输电线路装配式基础缺少相关设计依据。针对沙漠风积沙地基输电线路基础工程的特点,进行了输电线路装配式基础的真型试验,得到了上拔与水平荷载、下压与水平荷载联合作用下的承载变形特性、基础构件的应变特性、基础底板与风积沙地基之间的接触压力变化规律。根据测试结果,确定了沙漠地区风积沙地基装配式基础的地基承载力和上拔角取值,得到了基础稳定的最不利工况,有助于提高基础设计的可靠性和合理性。试验结果为沙漠地区台远-塔中220 kV输电线路基础工程的设计提供了依据。  相似文献   
992.
夏季南亚高压的“双模态”分布对应着其中心位置在10~20天准双周时间尺度上的东—西振荡,对青藏高原及周边上对流层的水汽分布和传输有显著影响。本文利用夏季7~8月逐日的ERAI再分析资料,通过基于南亚高压东—西振荡指数的位相合成分析发现,当南亚高压呈青藏高原模态时,青藏高原(伊朗高原)地区上对流层水汽含量异常偏高(低),伊朗高原模态时则相反;伴随南亚高压中心位置由青藏高原向西移至伊朗高原上空,上对流层水汽含量正异常中心亦自青藏高原东侧向西逐渐传播到伊朗高原以西地区。进一步诊断表明,除了在青藏高原北侧和南侧水汽经向绝热输送异常有抵消作用外,两高原地区上对流层水汽倾向异常主要由水汽纬向绝热输送异常及其辐合辐散异常所贡献,而青藏高原地区对流活动引起的垂直非绝热输送异常在上对流层则主要与剩余项(水汽的凝结和蒸发)相抵消。因此,青藏高原(伊朗高原)上对流层为水汽含量正异常时对应着青藏高原上空的对流活动异常偏弱(强)。而南亚高压中心位置和上对流层水汽含量正异常中心自青藏高原向伊朗高原移动的过程,对应着青藏高原地区的对流活动异常和垂直向上的水汽非绝热输送异常不断增强,同时上对流层水汽凝结异常也不断增强。此外,南亚高压向西移动过程中,上对流层水汽绝热辐合(辐散)异常主要发生在其西(东)侧,这是造成水汽含量异常中心纬向传播的主要原因。  相似文献   
993.
为了进一步全面理解和探索青藏高原水文水循环过程,采用同位素方法并结合气象资料对青藏高原北麓河区域2011年6~12月降水和河水稳定同位素时空特征进行分析。探讨了北麓河降水同位素与日平均气温、降水量之间的相互关系,同时也对比分析了北麓河降水和河水的同位素变化特征。结果表明:北麓河降水同位素在整个观测期内总体受温度控制,但存在季节变化,其中6~9月降水同位素受到温度和降水量效应的共同控制,9月以后则主要受温度的影响。河水同位素与降水同位素相似的变化特征,体现了降水补给特征,另外降水量也能够影响河水同位素变化:降水量小则降水对其影响较小,反之则大。与北麓河降水线相比,河水δ18O~δD关系的斜率和截距偏大,揭示该区域河水除了受大气降水的补给外,还受到区域水体内循环和蒸发分馏作用的影响。  相似文献   
994.
为了科学合理开发利用雄安新区顶面埋深在3500m以浅的中元古界地热能,从地热资源量回收率、布井规模、单井产量、国家水热下降许可指标、开采回注井距、回注量、开采时间等开发参数进行试算和分析,评估了雄安新区地热流体可开采量,试算结果表明雄安新区地热资源量回收率和布井规模有限制,目前雾迷山组主流单井产量110m~3/h、回注量165m~3/h、井距500m合理,可以满足100年的地热田开发寿命且符合国家水热下降许可指标。地热单元的理论热能最大回收率值与单层热储岩石孔隙度、密度、比热和地热水的密度、比热等物性有关,与热储面积、厚度无关,实际最大回收率约为理论最大回收率的一半,它与生产井布井规模、单井生产量、生产开发时间、尾水温度等开发参数直接相关。推出的回注井距、回注量、开采时间简化计算公式方便实用;在热突破距离、时间、回注量评估中,不论哪种岩性,有效热储层厚度是非常重要的因素,其次是回注量和回注时间,热储孔隙度及渗透性的影响远不及有效热储层厚度的影响。雄安新区的可采地热水资源乐观估算可采地热水量占总储存水量的50%,为163.79×10~8 m~3、可采地热水所含热量37.76×10~8 GJ、折合标煤2.579×10~8 t,以每平方米每年耗能0.32 GJ计,年均可满足1.137亿平方米建筑物供暖;保守估算是乐观估算结果的30%;最佳估算是乐观估算结果的50%,年均可采地热水可满足5685万平方米建筑物供暖;雄安新区成为是地热能源应用的典型示范区。  相似文献   
995.
利用中国陆地生态系统通量观测研究网络的玛曲站观测的一次降雪过程的资料,对青藏高原东部边缘冬季的降雪、积雪过程的辐射特征进行了分析.研究结果表明;积雪期晴天和降雪过程的向上短波辐射的峰值分别约为降雪前晴天的3和2倍.无积雪晴天地表反射率主要分布在0.175~0.36,新雪地表反射率主要分布在0.8~0.9.大气逆辐射变化较小,降雪过程的最大,积雪时的最小.地表长波辐射则为降雪前最大,降雪时最小.积雪覆盖的晴天比无积雪时的净辐射变化幅度减小,且早上由负转正的时间推迟.  相似文献   
996.
通过野外地质研究和室内岩相学、岩石地球化学研究,在位于青藏高原中部的青海杂多地区的双湖-澜沧江结合带中发现了一套超镁铁质岩、镁铁质岩。该超镁铁质岩、镁铁质岩沿北西—南东向区域构造线多呈岩脉状侵入在早石炭世杂多群中,局部呈构造透镜体分布在断裂带中或呈包体分布在白垩纪花岗岩中,出露规模不大,局部侵入体具有层状侵入杂岩体的特征。主要岩石类型为辉石橄榄岩、辉长岩、辉长辉绿岩,岩石地球化学具高Ti、Fe、Al、Ga和LREE中等富集的特征。橄榄岩中角闪石的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar同位素测年得到275.3Ma±1.9Ma的坪年龄,表明这套超镁铁—镁铁质岩石可能为早、中二叠世弧后盆地拉张的产物。  相似文献   
997.
    
The Kos Plateau Tuff consists of pyroclastic deposits from a major Quaternary explosive rhyolitic eruption, centred about 10 km south of the island of Kos in the eastern Aegean, Greece. Five main units are present, the first two (units A and B) were the product of a phreatoplinian eruption. The eruption style then changed to `dry' explosive style as the eruption intensity increased forming a sequence of ignimbrites and initiating caldera collapse. The final waning phase returned to phreatomagmatic eruptive conditions (unit F). The phreatomagmatic units are fine grained, poorly sorted, and dominated by blocky vitric ash, thickly ash-coated lapilli and accretionary lapilli. They are non-welded and were probably deposited at temperatures below 100°C. All existing exposures occur at distances between 10 km and 40 km from the inferred source. Unit A is a widespread (>42 km from source), thin (upwind on Kos) to very thick (downwind), internally laminated, dominantly ash bed with mantling, sheet-like form. Upwind unit A and the lower and middle part of downwind unit A are ash-rich (ash-rich facies) whereas the upper part of downwind unit A includes thin beds of well sorted fine pumice lapilli (pumice-rich facies). Unit A is interpreted to be a phreatoplinian fall deposit. Although locally the bedforms were influenced by wind, surface water and topography. The nature and position of the pumice-rich facies suggests that the eruption style alternated between `wet' phreatoplinian and `dry' plinian during the final stages of unit A deposition.Unit B is exposed 10–19 km north of the inferred source on Kos, overlying unit A. It is a thick to very thick, internally stratified bed, dominated by ash-coated, medium and fine pumice lapilli in an ash matrix. Unit B shows a decrease in thickness and grain size and variations in bedforms downcurrent that allow definition of several different facies and laterally equivalent facies associations. Unit B ranges from being very thick, coarse and massive or wavy bedded in the closest outcrops to source, to being partly massive and partly diffusely stratified or cross-bedded in medial locations. Pinch and swell, clast-supported pumice layers are also present in medial locations. In the most distal sections, unit B is stratified or massive, and thinner and finer grained than elsewhere and dominated by thickly armoured lapilli. Unit B is interpreted to have been deposited from an unsteady, density stratified, pyroclastic density current which decelerated and progressively decreased its particle load with distance from source. Condensation of steam during outflow of the current promoted the early deposition of ash and resulted in the coarser pyroclasts being thickly ash-coated. The distribution, texture and stratigraphic position of unit B suggest that the pyroclastic density current was generated from collapse of the phreatoplinian column following a period of fluctuating discharge when the eruptive activity alternated between `wet' and `dry'. The pyroclastic density current was transitional in particle concentration between a dilute pyroclastic surge and a high particle concentration pyroclastic flow. Unidirectional bedforms in unit B suggest that the depositional boundary was commonly turbulent and in this respect did not resemble conventional pyroclastic flows. However, unit B is relatively thick and poorly sorted, and was deposited more than 19 km from source, implying that the current comprised a relatively high particle concentration and in this respect, did not resemble a typical pyroclastic surge.  相似文献   
998.
大地形上空偶极子东移对热带气旋路径的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
With a quasi-geostrophic barotropic model on the β-plane with a topography term, 16 experiments were performed with an integration period of 6 days. The interaction between tropical cyclone tracks and 500 kin-scale vortices originating from the western part ora large-scale topography is investigated. It is suggested that this kind of interaction may have a significant impact on the moving speed and direction of tropical cyclones. Under certain conditions, this interaction may be a factor in causing an abnormal tropical cyclone track. Furthermore, the effect of large-scale topography plays an important role in the formation of unusual tropical cyclone tracks.  相似文献   
999.
    
Deep convection systems (DCSs) can rapidly lift water vapor and other pollutants from the lower troposphere to the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. The main detrainment height determines the level to which the air parcel is lifted. We analyzed the main detrainment height over the Tibetan Plateau and its southern slope based on the CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar 2B_GEOPROF dataset and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Level 2 cloud ice product onboard the A-train constellation of Earth-observing satellites. It was found that the DCSs over the Tibetan Plateau and its southern slope have a higher main detrainment height (about 10?16 km) than other regions in the same latitude. The mean main detrainment heights are 12.9 and 13.3 km over the Tibetan Plateau and its southern slope, respectively. The cloud ice water path decreases by 16.8% after excluding the influences of DCSs, and the height with the maximum increase in cloud ice water content is located at 178 hPa (about 13 km). The main detrainment height and outflow horizontal range are higher and larger over the central and eastern Tibetan Plateau, the west of the southern slope, and the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau than that over the northwestern Tibetan Plateau. The main detrainment height and outflow horizontal range are lower and broader at nighttime than during daytime.  相似文献   
1000.
Morphological analysis of the drainage system in the Eastern Alps   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
We study the morphology of the major rivers draining the Eastern Alps to test whether the active tectonics of this part of the orogen is reflected in the shape of channel profiles of the river network. In our approach we compare channel profiles measured from digital elevation models with numerically modelled channel profiles using a stream power approach. It is shown that regions of high stream power coincide largely with regions of highest topography and largest uplift rates, while the forelands and the Pannonian Basin are characterised by a significantly lower stream power. From stream power modelling we conclude that there is young uplift at the very east of the Eastern Alps, in the Bohemian Massif and in the Pohorje Range. The impact of the Pleistocene glaciations is explored by comparing properties of rivers that drain in proximal and distal positions relative to the ice sheet during the last glacial maximum. Our analysis shows that most knick points, wind gaps and other non-equilibrium features of catchments covered by ice during the last glaciations (Salzach, Enns) can be correlated with glacial processes. In contrast the ice free catchments of the Mur and Drava are characterized by channels in morphological equilibrium at the first approximation and are showing only weak evidence of the strong tectonic activity within these catchments. Finally, the channel profiles of the Adige and the divide between the upper Rhine and Danube catchments differ significantly from the other catchments. We relate this to the fact that the Adige and the Rhine respond to different base levels from the remainder of the Eastern Alps: The Adige may preserve a record from the Messininan base level change and the Rhine is subject to the base level lowering in the Rhine Graben.  相似文献   
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