亦庄新城规划建设与地质环境的协调性分析

地质环境与城市规划建设息息相关。本文结合亦庄新城规划建设,对地质环境问题进行了分析研究,建立了二者相互影响的模型,并通过系统聚类方法进行了协调性分析,为今后的新城规划中的地质勘查工作提供了工作思路,也为新城规划和合理布局提供了科学依据。     

Planning the sea: The French experience. Contribution to marine spatial planning perspectives

As marine spatial planning is developing, prompted by the European Union through common principles prescribed in a road map, it is important to disseminate and analyse what has been put forward as the French experience in this field. Hence, the experience of the schémas de mise en valeur de la mer immediately proves to be original in its framework and deeply rooted in French specificities. However, a further analysis of this procedure implemented over several decades highlights the perspectives that would be worth integrating into French and European considerations. This paper thus provides information referring to the SMVM experience, presents an analysis of its results, and attempts to draw lessons from it with regard to recent developments in French marine policy.     

Environmental justice implications of Maritime Spatial Planning in the European Union

This paper examines the implications of environmental justice in the regime for Maritime Spatial Planning (MSP) currently developing in the European Union (EU). An ‘ecosystem-based approach’ to marine management is enshrined in the new Integrated Maritime Policy and Marine Strategy Framework Directive and forms the basis of MSP. This concept is intended to encompass all aspects of an ecosystem, including the human element. Yet the modes of including meaningful public participation in the decision-making process for MSP remain undetermined. At the same time, the Aarhus Convention (on access to information, public participation in decision making and access to justice in environmental matters) empowers non-governmental organisations to hold EU Member States to account. Consequently the issue of transparency will gain increased importance, as will linkages between human and environmental rights. Such public interest-based activism on the part of NGOs has the potential to enforce the developing framework for stakeholder engagement within MSP, but it also has implications worth considering regarding the appropriate role of interest-based organisations in the international political arena.     

Ecosystem-based marine spatial management: Review of concepts, policies, tools, and critical issues

Conventional sectoral management and piecemeal governance are considered less and less appropriate in pursuit of sustainable development. Ecosystem based marine spatial management (EB-MSM) is an approach that recognizes the full array of interactions within an ecosystem, including human uses, rather than considering single issues, species, or ecosystem services in isolation. Marine spatial planning and ocean zoning are emerging concepts that can support EB-MSM. EB-MSM is driven by high-level goals that managers aim to achieve through the implementation of measures. High-level goals and objectives need to be translated into more operational objectives before specific targets, limits and measures can be elaborated.Monitoring, evaluation and adaptation are necessary to ensure that marine management measures are both effective and efficient. Solid monitoring frameworks are the foundation of adaptive management, as they provide the necessary information to evaluate performance and the effectiveness of management actions. Marine protected areas (MPAs) - possibly set up in networks - constitute a key component in EB-MSM policies and practises and have been applied as a cornerstone in conservation of marine biodiversity, management of fish populations, development of coastal tourism, etc. Moreover, MPA experiences have provided methods and concepts (such as zoning) to a wider EB-MSM context. The assignment of values to biophysical features of the marine environment allows the direct assessment of related management choices and may assist EB-MSM.A range of monetary valuation techniques have been proposed to reduce attributes of goods and services to a single metric. However, in the marine environment such an approach is often over simplistic, and thus less reductive techniques may be necessary. Rather than producing a single metric, the results of non-monetary assessments guide policy allowing weight to be given as necessary to potential areas of conflict and consensus.Strategies to take into account climate change effects and geohazard risks in EB-MSM have been applied or proposed worldwide. EB-MSM regimes must be alert to such risks and flexible to account for changes.     

广州城市快速公交干道网络设计

结合广州市天河路的案例分析,借助交通标准化和规模效益原理,利用地理信息系统的空间分析手段,尝试重新设计运量大、速度快、时效强的快速城市公共交通干线网络,提出建设广州城市一路一线快速公交网络模式的构想。认为一路一线的城市公共交通网络,既利于公交车辆的统一调配,提高道路使用效率,也便于按需发车,缩短等车时间,使整个城市公共交通的运营从真正意义上做到方便快捷。     

三维GIS技术在城镇规划中的应用研究

随着我国经济飞速发展,城镇建设扩张速度也突飞猛进。具有处理真三维数据能力的三维GIS的发展受到了极大的关注。三维GIS使用三维数据描述地理对象,即所有的对象都通过三维坐标进行表示。本文介绍了三维GIS的基本概念和采集处理方式,重点阐述了三维GIS平台在城市规划中的应用。     

Scenario-based water resources planning for utilities in the Lake Victoria region

Urban areas in the Lake Victoria (LV) region are experiencing the highest growth rates in Africa. As efforts to meet increasing demand accelerate, integrated water resources management (IWRM) tools provide opportunities for utilities and other stakeholders to develop a planning framework comprehensive enough to include short term (e.g. landuse change), as well as longer term (e.g. climate change) scenarios. This paper presents IWRM models built using the Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) decision support system, for three towns in the LV region – Bukoba (Tanzania), Masaka (Uganda), and Kisii (Kenya). Each model was calibrated under current system performance based on site visits, utility reporting and interviews. Projected water supply, demand, revenues and costs were then evaluated against a combination of climate, demographic and infrastructure scenarios up to 2050. Our results show that water supply in all three towns is currently infrastructure limited; achieving existing design capacity could meet most projected demand until 2020s in Masaka beyond which new supply and conservation strategies would be needed. In Bukoba, reducing leakages would provide little performance improvement in the short-term, but doubling capacity would meet all demands until 2050. In Kisii, major infrastructure investment is urgently needed. In Masaka, streamflow simulations show that wetland sources could satisfy all demand until 2050, but at the cost of almost no water downstream of the intake. These models demonstrate the value of IWRM tools for developing water management plans that integrate hydroclimatology-driven supply to demand projections on a single platform.     

大伦敦地区空间战略规划的评介与启示

自1944年阿伯克隆比主持编制了世界上第一部特大型城市区域规划-《大伦敦规划》以来,每一阶段的伦敦地区发展规划都主要立足于自身需求和可行的程序性工具,以利于指导首都地区未来20-30年的发展。进入21世纪,作为英国第一个引入空间发展战略的地区,伦敦先后三次制定出台了大伦敦地区规划。本文以不同社会经济发展背景下的伦敦规划演变为基础,重点对大伦敦地区空间发展战略规划(2011)的核心内容、重要特点及其相关启示进行评介和分析,以期促进我国特大型城市区域的规划创新。     

NGO involvement in marine spatial planning: A way forward?

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are playing important roles in environmental conservation and management. Some are actively involved in the development and implementation of marine spatial planning (MSP), especially in Europe where this has been embodied within a European Directive. MSP is being used by many countries to sustainably manage coastal and marine areas, and reduce conflicts. However, recommendations regarding specific NGO roles within the MSP process are lacking. Consequently, to fill this gap and discuss a way forward, a session at the 5th Global Conference on Oceans, Coasts and Islands (GOF5) brought together MSP experts and NGO representatives. This paper reports the conclusions of these discussions and presents a summary guideline document for efficient and effective NGO MSP engagement.     

永定河流域石景山段湿地景观规划设计研究

通过系统地对永定河流域石景山段的基础资料调研,科学分析了该区段的环境现状与整体景观不协调,以及部分区段存在污染和现有自然山水资源利用不足等主要景观问题,并提出了相应的解决措施,如平整河道、优化区域内生态结构、治理污染,完善湿地生态景观等。制定了"一轴二带三线四区五类型多节点"的景观规划方案,分析指出永定河湿地景观的发展方向。