“八五”勘查技术进步

本文系统的介绍了“八五”期间中国地质勘查技术院在航空物探技术、地面物探技术、井中物探技术、化探技术以及遥感地质技术所取得的勘查技术进步。     

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加强"十五"重点项目管理 ,努力促进地震科技进步

总结了山东省防震减灾“九五”期间主要成功的经验和教训,提出了加强“十五”防震减灾重点项目管理的几点意见。     

湖南资水流域综合治理与开发雏议

本文从资水流域的现状出发,分析了当前治理中存在的主要问题,提出上游蓄水、中游治旱、下游防洪、陡坡还林、缓坡改梯、改革低产、优化结构、持续发展的综合治理方针,并具体规划了该区域综合治理与开发的总体和近期目标。     

跨界城市的发展和规划问题初探

在我国，城市跨界发展是近几年才出现的城市空间类型，它们主要是由传统计划经济体制下以切块设市方式形成的城市发展演变而来，其中以长江三角洲、珠江三角洲等经济发达地区为突出。跨界城市的发展向传统的以城市为主体，以物质形态规划为核心的城市规划提出了挑战，本文以苏锡常地区为例，分析了跨界城市发展的若干特征与问题，并对其规划发展进行了初步的探讨。     

“十五”天津市地震前兆台网运行管理软件的研制

在中国地震局“三结合”课题的资助下,研制了基于“十五”前兆数据库的天津市地震前兆台网运行管理软件,从需求分析、功能实现、技术路线、运行环境和软件应用等5个方面进行了介绍。该软件的应用,解决了实际问题,提高了工作效率,初步实现了“十五”日常工作的综合管理。     

“十二五”规划编制若干问题的探讨

针对"十二五"发展规划编制的新要求,结合多年规划编制经验,提出新时期规划编制特点、作用和主要方法,指导规划编制工作。     

基于生态系统的海洋综合管理研究 ——以美国大沼泽湿地项目为例

基于生态系统的海洋综合管理是海洋管理的新理念和新模式,其倡导从海洋生态系统角度开展环境资源保护,并以促进海洋生态系统与人类开发活动的协调可持续发展为终极目标。美国大沼泽湿地项目是基于生态系统的海洋综合管理的经典范例。基于生态系统的海洋综合管理的核心理念是将整个生态系统纳入海洋综合管理范畴,颠覆传统的单一对象保护理念,实现海洋生态保护与人类生存发展协调可持续。美国大沼泽湿地项目采用了基于生态系统的海洋综合管理理念,将整个大沼泽湿地视为一个整体生态系统,实现联邦政府、州政府和社会组织协作,合力促进大沼泽湿地的绿色生态可持续发展。美国大沼泽湿地项目全面贯彻基于生态系统的海洋综合管理理念,采用联合管理模式,重视水资源环境治理取得一定成效,但也暴露出管理模式有待改进、公众宣传参与不到位、区域间联系不紧密等问题。     

The participation of core stakeholders in the design of,and challenges to,the US Clean Power Plan

We examine the participation of stakeholders in the rule-making process leading to the design of the US Clean Power Plan (CPP), which was the cornerstone regulation developed during the Obama administration to lower GHG emissions from power plants in the US. Using publicly available information, we identify the core stakeholders that participated in the different stages of the rulemaking process, from the early draft of the rule to its publication in final form, and examine variables that could help explain their decisions to litigate, either against or in favour of the final version of the rule. We show that the ‘pro-CPP’ stakeholders were (a) more likely to participate during the early stages of the rule-making process, attending meetings with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) staff to discuss rule content, and (b) less likely to get involved during the litigation process. ‘Anti-CPP’ stakeholders, on the other hand, did the opposite, being in general less active during the rulemaking stages, and more active during the litigation stage. However, we also find that the ‘anti-CPP’ stakeholders were more tightly organized as a coalition when compared to the ‘pro-CPP’ stakeholders throughout the process (even in the early stages when they participated less). Our results shed new light on the way advocacy coalitions operate in the climate policy subsystem in the US, and help inform debates about the likelihood of conflict and cooperation across a variety of environmental policy topics.

Key policy insights

• The design of the Clean Power Plan was a long and contentious process in which ‘Pro’ and ‘Anti-CPP’ coalitions operated to support and undermine the rule, respectively.

• ‘Pro-CPP’ stakeholders were more active in meetings organized to discuss the CPP with EPA staff, and in submitting written comments.

• ‘Anti-CPP’ stakeholders were more active during litigation, in response to perceived EPA overreach in designing the rule and negative financial impacts on states’ economies.

• Joint participation by ‘Anti-CPP’ stakeholders in meetings conveyed by the EPA to discuss the potential content of the rule helps explain their joint litigation efforts, which hints at their considerable capacity to self-organize as a coalition throughout the process.

     

Comparative review of marine mammal guidance implemented during naval exercises

This article reviews the types and effectiveness of marine mammal mitigation measures used during some naval activities worldwide. The three main standard methods used to mitigate the potential impacts of naval sonar sound on marine mammals are (1) time/area planning (of exercises/active sonar use) to avoid marine mammals; (2) implementation of operational procedures (e.g. ‘soft start’ - where sound levels are gradually increased over time); and (3) monitoring of animals for the purpose of maintaining an ‘exclusion zone’ around the sound source. Suggestions towards a minimum worldwide mitigation standard are made.