X-ray Spectroscopy of Dips of Cir X-1

We present X-ray spectral analyses of the low-mass X-ray binary Cir X-1 dur- ing X-ray dips,using the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer(RXTE)data.Each dip was divided into several segments,and the spectrum of each segment was fitted with a three-component blackbody model,in which the first two components are affected by partial covering and the third one is unaffected.A Gaussian emission line is also included in the spectral model to represent the Fe Kαline at～6.4 keV.The fitted temperatures of the two partially covered components are about 2 keV and 1 keV,while the uncovered component has a temperature of～0.5-0.6 keV.The equivalent blackbody emission radius of the hottest component is the smallest and that of the coolest component is the largest.During the dips the fluxes of the two hot components are linearly correlated,while that of the third component does not show any significant variation.The Fe line flux remains constant,within the errors,during the short dips.However,during the long dips the line flux varies significantly and is positively correlated with the fluxes of the two hot components.These results suggest:(1)that the tem- perature of the X-ray emitting region decreases with radius,(2)that the Fe Kαline emitting region is close to the hot continuum emitting region,and(3)that the size of the Fe line emit- ting region is larger than that of the obscuring matter causing the short dips but smaller than the region of that causing the long dips.     

Stardust findings favor not only the planetary origin of comets but the underlying close-binary cosmogony of the Solar System as well

We analyze findings of the Stardust mission that brought to the Earth dust from the 81P/Wild 2 coma. Just as the data obtained in the Deep Impact mission to 9P/Tempel 1, they are at odds with the universally accepted condensation/sublimation comet paradigm. They fit rather well to the approach assuming ejection of nuclei of short-period comets from Moon-like bodies of the type of Galilean satellites in rare (six to seven events in 4.5 aeons) global explosions of their massive icy envelopes saturated by 2H₂ + O₂, products of the electrolysis of ice. This approach offers an explanation, in particular, for the jet activity of comets, which is sustained by combustion of the 2H₂ + O₂ + organics mixture ignited and complemented by the solar radiation. Combustion accounts also for other observations, in particular, the presence in the dust of products of high-temperature (800-900 K) metamorphism. The presence of minerals forming at still higher temperatures (∼1400-2000 K), just as the undoubtedly planetary origin of some long-period comets arriving from the joint planeto-cometary cloud beyond Neptune, forces one, however, to invoke the close-binary cosmogony of the Solar System, which three decades ago predicted the existence of such a cloud (in the recent decade, this prediction has been substantiated by the discovery there of many dwarf planets). This cosmogony is based on the modern understanding of the processes involved in the formation of multiple stellar systems and of their gas-dynamic evolution. It considers the Jupiter-Sun system as the limiting case of a binary star and uses it as a basis for explanation of all the known observations and for prediction of the new ones to come. It provides a plausible explanation, in particular, for both the origin and capture by the Earth of the Moon as a high-temperature condensate and the formation of the Galilean satellites, which also contain inclusions of refractory minerals in the ices of their envelopes.     

Echoes from the companion star in Sco X-1

We present simultaneous X-ray ( RXTE ) and optical (ULTRACAM) narrow-band (Bowen blend/He  ii and nearby continuum) observations of Sco X-1 at 2–10 Hz time resolution. We find that the Bowen/He  ii emission lags the X-ray light curves with a light traveltime of     s which is consistent with reprocessing in the companion star. The echo from the donor is detected at orbital phase ∼0.5 when Sco X-1 is at the top of the flaring branch (FB). Evidence of echoes is also seen at the bottom of the FB but with time-lags of 5–10 s which are consistent with reprocessing in an accretion disc with a radial temperature profile. We discuss the implication of our results for the orbital parameters of Sco X-1.     

天山1号冰川旅游资源可持续利用初探

文章在分析1号冰川旅游资源禀赋，客源市场特征和发展旅游业优，劣势的基础上，着重考虑旅游基础设施建设，旅游活动以及其它生产，生活行为可能对冰川地的自然环境，生态环境，景观美学质量等产生的负面效应，并进行相应的旅游环境影响评价，由此提出1号冰川旅游资源可持续利用策略。     

Her X-1 35天开关周期是由于中子星的自由进动产生的吗?(英文)

一些作者提出Her X-1的35天开关周期是由中子星的自由进动引起的。对这个模型我们进行了理论计算,并将理论结果和观测资料进行了比较,我们发现: (1)Hcr X-1的35天周期的光变曲线的理论值与观测(Jones ＆ Forman,1976)不符。 (2)在这个模型中脉冲宽度和强度随35天周期有很大的变化(见图4和图5),也与观测不符(如Gruber等人1980年的观测)。 (3)Parmar等人(1985)报道他们没有发现预期的Her X-1的X射线辐射35天周期的变化,这也同中子星自由进动的模型不一致。 Pravdo等(1977)建议观测到的X射线脉冲是由产生于中子星表面附近的、对称的辐射束经汤姆逊散射而形成。我们用强磁场中的汤姆逊散射理论所作的分析表明,该模型可以较好地与观测相符。     

稀无控制点无人机遥感影像几何定位方法研究

无人机以机动灵活、作业周期短和成本低等优势被广泛应用于基础测绘等领域。然而无人机航摄系统采集像片通过传统方法需要密集分布控制点,导致作业成本增加及生产效率下降影响经济效益。为此,在考虑到航测相机曝光延迟的基础上提出基于GPS辅助空中三角测量的稀无地面控制点的无人机遥感影像高精度几何定位方法,并通过实际测试生产数字线划图(DLG)和数字正射影像图(DOM),可满足1∶1000地形图测绘的技术要求,其高效率、低成本的生产模式较常规方法更具有推广意义,尤其是在西部测图以及岛礁测量人烟稀少人员很难或无法到达且使用常规测量方法无法满足成图要求的区域。     

大学英语教学中汉语的运用

汉语的使用在大学英语教学中起着重要的作用。无论是从教学法的不同理论流派出发，还是从学生和教师的实际教学角度出发，都可以验证这一方法的必要性，经过调查与对比，论证了在大学英语教学中，恰当地运用汉语进行辅助思维和扶持，会明显的提高英语教学效果。     

DISCONTINUOUS FLOW OF TURBID DENSITY CURRENTS II.INTERNAL HYDRAULIC JUMP

1 INTERNAL HYDRAULIC JUMPS AND LOCAL WATER ENTRAINMENT Traveling and stationary internal hydraulic jumps in two-layer flow can occur in the following situations (Fig. 1). When a stratified fluid flows over an obstacle created by a sudden blockage, the layer of increased depth within the heavier fluid will propagate upstream as a traveling hydraulic jump. When the heavier fluid overtops the obstacle it will flow along the downstream face of the obstacle as a supercritical flow…