湘南经向构造带北段环形影象的判译及铀找矿方向的探讨

本文通过对湘南经向构造带北段的遥感地质解译,发现了具有环形影象特征的古盆、古盆盆缘及其附近爆花点状影象的古岩溶,并阐述了它们在空间分布上与铀矿化有着较为密切的关系。文章在分析该区经向构造紧密褶断带和新华夏系构造强烈活动的基础上,强调了构造体系的复合。从而展示了古盆、古岩溶空间分布上的构造有利部位。华南多数大、中型铀矿床、在空间分布上显示了与NNE向中、新生代断拗红盆有着某种内在联系,作者就断拗红盆对铀成矿的机理进行了探索。并提出在该区一定的标高和距断拗红盆的一定范围内为理想的找矿区域。     

风化岩体及风化带划分的数学地质方法研究

针对风化岩体仍无理想的定量分带方法这一研究现状与工程建筑需要的矛盾,提出了对能够检测工程环境岩体风化程度的各种物理力学、矿物学和声学指标进行方差分析和特殊的“动态方差分析”方法,可对岩体风化带的划分进行定量评价,达到某一试验结果下的最佳分带效果。还结合应用实例讨论了不同地质条件下分带计算过程的相应变化和应用效果。最后指出,工程岩体分类亦可借鉴本文的研究方法。     

Geology and tectonics of the basin of Mexico and their relationship with the damage caused by the earthquakes of September 1985

Summary The earthquakes of 19 September 1985 (18.2° N, 102.7° W and a magnitude of 8.1 Richter scale) and of 20 (17.6° N, 101.8° W and a magnitude of 7.5 Richter scale) September 1985, caused the total or partial destruction of more than 2000 structures in Mexico City. The most affected areas are located along the fringes of and bordering old roadways, earthworks (dikes), aquaducts and pre-hispanic population centres. Ancient construction artificially modified the sedimentation in the basin of the Mexico Valley Lakes making the sub-soil of Mexico City more rigid near to the surface, and producing deviations of the surface seismic waves (Rayleigh waves and Love waves). Also, when earthquakes occur on the Pacific coast, seismic waves travel quickly through plutonic, metamorphics and continental and marine rocks of different ages, having high seismic velocities. When the seismic waves enter the poorly consolidated lake sediments having low seismic velocities in the Mexico City Basin, they produce an energy buildup that causes the phenomenon called magnification.There exists a direct relation between the amplification mentioned above and the presence of rigid bodies that are buried in the sub-soil. The length of these bodies is of the order of tens of kilometres horizontally with thicknesses less than 50 metres. These Rigid Barriers produce reflections and refractions of the surface waves along their borders with destructive consequences for the buildings. A correlation between the buildings and the houses damaged and destroyed and the location of the prehispanic construction on the sub-soil has been made which shows that the most damage happened in the borders of old roadways (i.e. Tlalpan road), perimeter walls (i.e. San Lazaro), aqueducts (i.e. Chapultepec Avenue), pyramids (i.e. Templo Mayor) and population centres (i.e. Tlaltelolco).     

产子坪铀矿床成因机制的同位素地质学研究

根据铀-铅同位素体系演化特征以及氧、硫同位素组成资料,提出本铀矿床的铀源是多源的,而主要铀源来自地层本身。成矿溶液是变质水和大气降水的混合体系。本矿床的成矿过程经历了成岩阶段的预富集,加里东褶皱变质时的初富集以及发生在75±4、43±7和22±2百万年时的多次铀矿化迭加再富集作用。这些作用过程与区域地质构造发展史有密切联系。因此,我们认为该矿床为多源、晚期多次迭加作用形成的层控铀矿床。     

北京小汤山地区第四系高氟地下水与地热水关系研究

北京小汤山地区第四系深层地下水氟含量普遍超标, 严重制约区域供水。在收集整理基础地质、水文地质、地热地质资料基础上, 开展第四系高氟地下水与地热水之间关系研究工作。研究表明: 小汤山地区位于复式背斜的核部区域, 该区热储层与第四系地层直接接触并形成水力“天窗”, 受构造应力影响在热储层发育大量张性裂隙, 加之上覆第四系盖层结构松散且厚度较薄, 导致该区成为地热富集带; 在高温高压环境下, 地热水中氟化物含量普遍较高, 地热水上涌同第四系深层地下水发生热流-冷流的混合作用, 导致第四系深层地下水中氟化物含量升高, 形成第四系高氟地下水。     

岷江上游“生态环境地质”质量评价体系

“生态环境地质”的概念是近年地质、水文地质与工程地质研究向引起“地质状态变迁”的“生态环境”要素研究领域拓宽所提出的一个新概念,是“生态环境与地质、特别是水文地质的交叉研究结果,而“生态环境地质”质量评价体系建立却非常困难,重点讨论了生态、环境、地质之间的关系,尝试性提出了“生态环境地质质量”评价体系,选择了评价因子与确定性模糊综合评价方法,进行了岷江上游生态环境地质系统评价,获得良好效果。     

地震CT勘探在昆石公路隧道病害诊断中的应用

地震CT是一种新的地球物理方法。具有分辨率高、可靠性强、信息量大、图象直观的特点，可以广泛地用于线路、场地、隧道、边坡等项目的工程地质勘查和病害诊断。在昆石高速公路清水沟2号隧道的地质病害整治中应用地震CT进行勘探，取得了良好的效果。     

Mercury: the enigmatic innermost planet

The planet Mercury, a difficult object for study by astronomical observation and spacecraft exploration alike, poses multiple challenges to our general understanding of the inner planets. Mercury’s anomalously high uncompressed density implies a metal fraction of 60% or more by mass, an extreme outcome of planetary formational processes common to the inner solar system. Whether that outcome was the result of chemical gradients in the early solar nebula or removal by impact or vaporization of most of the silicate shell from a differentiated protoplanet can potentially be distinguished on the basis of the chemical composition of the present crust. Our understanding of the geological evolution of Mercury and how it fits within the known histories of the other terrestrial planets is restricted by the limited coverage and resolution of imaging by the only spacecraft to have visited the planet. The role of volcanism in Mercury’s geological history remains uncertain, and the dominant tectonic structures are lobate scarps interpreted as recording an extended episode of planetary contraction, issues that require global imaging to be fully examined. That Mercury has retained a global magnetic field when larger terrestrial planets have not stretches the limits of standard hydromagnetic dynamo theory and has led to proposals for a fossil field or for exotic dynamo scenarios. Hypotheses for field generation can be distinguished on the basis of the geometry of Mercury’s internal field, and the existence and size of a fluid outer core on Mercury can be ascertained from measurements of the planet’s spin axis orientation and gravity field and the amplitude of Mercury’s forced librations. The nature of Mercury’s polar deposits, suggested to consist of volatile material cold-trapped on the permanently shadowed floors of high-latitude impact craters, can be tested by remote sensing of the composition of Mercury’s surface and polar atmosphere. The extremely dynamic exosphere, which includes a number of species derived from Mercury’s surface, offers a novel laboratory for exploring the nature of the complex and changing interactions among the solar wind, a small magnetosphere, and a solid planet. Recent ground-based astronomical measurements and several new theoretical developments set the stage for the in-depth exploration of Mercury by two spacecraft missions within the coming decade.     

新疆若羌县红十井金矿地质特征及深部成矿预测

红十井金矿，产于中，上石炭统基性火山岩和火山碎屑岩中，为受断裂带控制的韧性剪切带型金矿床，原认为主矿体南倾，未查明侧伏方向，在体南侧和中，东段布钻，深部未打到矿体，仅求得0．947t金储量。笔者等经地质构造，矿体空间展布形式，矿物热电性和电磁场测深等研究，预测主体北倾，西挺，南西西侧伏，北东东仰起，在主矿体北侧和中、西段布钻，结果在深部和中、西段均打到了矿体，金储量由0．47t增加至10．1t以上，取得了突破性进展。