沙窝子高边坡工程地质问题分析及防治设计

沙窝子高边坡位于国道317、213都江堰至汶川公路新建路段，通过对其工程地质条件(地形地貌、岩性、构造及水文地质条件等)的研究，将其划分为滑坡变形区、不稳定区、飞石区、较稳定区、崩积堆积区及稳定区6个分区，着重分析了对公路危害影响较大的滑坡区与飞石区，并针对性地给出清除滑体物质、削坡、喷锚支护、设置SNS被动防护网及坡面保护等工程治理措施。对同类型高边坡的治理有一定的参考价值。     

综合物探方法在DQ地区地热勘查中的应用

DQ市国土资源局在目标区内投入重磁电综合物探方法进行地热勘查。通过适合城市施工的测网布设与高精度的数据采集，结合地质地球物理特征的资料处理和针对地热目标的异常提取，解释该区水文构造地质条件与地热远景预测，提出地热开发的有利井位。并以近期施工的钻井试水情况，阐明综合物探方法在地热资源勘查中的有效应用。     

Volcanic geomorphology and tectonics of the Aeolian archipelago (Southern Italy) based on integrated DEM data

The geomorphological and morphometric analysis of the sea floor topography surrounding the Aeolian Islands, South Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy, provides insights into the relationships between the volcanological evolution of the islands and their tectonic features. We constructed geomorphological maps of the submarine portions of the seven large edifices constituting the islands on the basis of a DEM with a 5 m resolution step. These maps include constructional and destructional landforms such as submarine volcanic vents located west of Lipari and north of Alicudi, and hummocky surfaces recognised north of Lipari and Salina. The latter landforms, together with the occurrence of large scars affecting the main edifices on land, suggest that sector collapses affected some islands. Geomorphological data indicate that the location of subaerial and submarine vents is strongly controlled by local tectonic structures striking WNW-ESE (Alicudi-Filicudi sector), NNW-SSE (Salina-Lipari-Vulcano sector) and NE-SW (Panarea-Stromboli sector). The islands can be divided into two groups on the basis of some morphometric parameters: a first group with a pancake-like shape, Dp/D (abrasion platform diameter/basal diameter) higher than 0.40 and H/D (total height/basal diameter) lower than 0.13, and a second group with a conical shape, characterised by Dp/D lower than 0.34 and H/D higher than 0.14. These ratios and other morphometric parameters reflect the different volcanological and structural evolution of the Aeolian Islands. The pancake-like shaped complexes have been created, in addition to their submarine stage, by extrusive and highly explosive activity, whereas the cone-shaped edifices have been characterised by effusive or moderate explosive activity.Editorial responsibility: C Kilburn     

宁夏六盘山地区臭水泉群的地质成因及其环境危害分析

六盘山地区多处有臭水泉群出露。臭水泉就是含有Na2SO4、NaCl等盐类矿物离子，并排放硫化氢(H2S)气体的高矿化度咸苦水。在系统分析以往地质资料的基础上，借助ETM卫星图像，提取臭水泉群的分布信息，通过野外实地调查、访问、取样化验，初步查明臭水泉的位置、流量、水质及其对环境的危害，结合地层岩性、地质构造特点，分析臭水泉的地质成因。分析结果表明，六盘山地区的臭水泉主要分布于马东山复背斜的南北两端及东西两翼，以上升泉的形式出露于沟底，中、新生代高含盐量地层是臭水泉群中盐分的物质来源，北东向、北东东向、近南北向断裂和构造裂隙是臭水溢出的通道。臭水泉对环境的危害主要表现在：造成局部大气质量下降，污染地表水体和河谷潜水，造成土壤盐     

Cosmogenic nuclide chronology of pre-last glacial maximum moraines at Lago Buenos Aires, 46°S, Argentina

At Lago Buenos Aires, Argentina, ¹⁰Be, ²⁶Al, and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages range from 190,000 to 109,000 yr for two moraines deposited prior to the last glaciation, 23,000–16,000 yr ago. Two approaches, maximum boulder ages assuming no erosion, and the average age of all boulders and an erosion rate of 1.4 mm/10³ yr, both yield a common estimate age of 150,000–140,000 yr for the two moraines. The erosion rate estimate derives from ¹⁰Be and ²⁶Al concentrations in old erratics, deposited on moraines that are >760,000 yr old on the basis of interbedded ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dated lavas. The new cosmogenic ages indicate that a major glaciation during marine oxygen isotope stage 6 occurred in the mid-latitude Andes. The next five youngest moraines correspond to stage 2. There is no preserved record of a glacial advance during stage 4. The distribution of dated boulders and their ages suggest that at least one major glaciation occurred between 760,000 and >200,000 yr ago. The mid-latitude Patagonian glacial record, which is well preserved because of low erosion rates, indicates that during the last two glacial cycles major glaciations in the southern Andes have been in phase with growth and decay of Northern Hemisphere ice sheets, especially at the 100,000 yr periodicity. Thus, glacial maxima are global in nature and are ultimately paced by small changes in Northern Hemisphere insolation.     

我国前寒武纪地质研究进展与展望

前寒武纪地质学是现代地球科学中最活跃的学科之一。我国前寒武纪地质研究有着良好的条件和优良的传统，前寒武纪岩石在中国大陆上有广泛的分布，保存了从3800Ma到543Ma较完整的岩石、地层和生物形成与演化的历史记录，并蕴藏了丰富的矿产资源。简要回顾了近百年来我国前寒武纪研究的历史，取得的丰硕成果及巨大进展。概述了中国前寒武纪时期的大陆，特别是太古宙华北克拉通地壳演化的特殊性和复杂性，与世界其他地区的克拉通进行了对比。指出前寒武纪地质学在研究地球科学中仍然处于重要的位置，尤其是研究前寒武纪超大陆汇聚与裂解及前寒武纪成矿区带的划分已成为当今世界研究的热点。在此基础上，提出了对我国21世纪前寒武纪地质学的工作设想和展望。     

A comparison of methods used to estimate the height of sand dunes on Mars

The collection of morphometric data on small-scale landforms from other planetary bodies is difficult. We assess four methods that can be used to estimate the height of aeolian dunes on Mars. These are (1) stereography, (2) slip face length, (3) profiling photoclinometry, and (4) Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). Results show that there is good agreement among the methods when conditions are ideal. However, limitations inherent to each method inhibited their accurate application to all sites. Collectively, these techniques provide data on a range of morphometric parameters, some of which were not previously available for dunes on Mars. They include dune height, width, length, surface area, volume, and longitudinal and transverse profiles. The utilization of these methods will facilitate a more accurate analysis of aeolian dunes on Mars and enable comparison with dunes on other planetary surfaces.     

广东凡口铅锌矿床控矿构造型式

文章通过对现有凡口矿区地质资料的研究与分析,结合矿区成矿地质条件及其矿床地质特征,认为凡口矿区的控矿构造型式为逆冲推覆构造体系,从而理顺了矿区内各组断裂构造间的相互关系。F203是区内Ⅰ级断裂构造,在以F203为主推滑面的逆冲推覆构造应力作用下,其推覆体中往往同期形成次一级的叠瓦式逆冲断层组,为区内Ⅱ级断裂构造。在Ⅱ级断裂构造之间,又有一组近NE向的断裂组,为区内Ⅲ级断裂构造。上述3个不同级次的构造是逆冲推覆构造演化过程中逐次形成的,时间上略有先后。其成生的力学机制相同,即共同处于一个构造应力场之下。岩层在逆冲断层扩展时发生应变,在软弱部位引起褶皱或小褶曲,常形成一定的扩容空间,当矿液沿断裂主通道(主滑面)向上运移时,易于在此部位聚集淀积成为矿体。根据其逆冲推覆构造体系控矿的规律性,指出凡口矿区寻找隐伏矿床的有利部位。     

金川二矿区1178分段巷道变形破坏特征及原因

金川二矿区1178m分段巷道位于矿体上盘,采用直墙半圆拱断面,巷道建成后变形严重,经过多次返修,仍未解决其稳定性问题。为了查明巷道破坏状况,对变形严重地段进行了监测,得到巷道变形规律,并进行了原岩应力实测工作,查明了工程的地应力环境,在此基础上结合工程地质条件对巷道变形破坏原因进行了初步探讨。