基于Autonomy的国土资源档案知识挖掘与应用平台研究

本文在分析大数据背景下国土资源信息化面临的挑战及国土资源档案数据现状的基础上,提出基于Autonomy知识与服务架构,重点阐述架构的三个组成部分：数据采集平台、本体构建与分析平台、数据处理平台,介绍了基于Autonomy Idol的应用功能设计实例。探讨海量国土资源档案数据管理与应用的新方式,为国土资源数据档案的管理提供大数据支持的理论基础。     

Toxic cyanobacteria at Nakuru sewage oxidation ponds - A potential threat to wildlife

Phytoplankton composition and biomass, and microcystin content were determined on diverse dates between November 2001 and June 2006 in the final oxidation pond of the Nakuru town sewage treatment plant. The oxidation ponds as well as the rivulet that drains the same are important water sources for some wildlife in the park. The phytoplankton composition of the pond studied mostly comprised coccoid green alga species. However, occasionally cyanobacteria or euglenoids were dominant. Among the cyanobacteria, Microcystis sp. made periodic appearance in the phytoplankton, and was the dominant species on some occasions. Total phytoplankton biomass varied widely from 48 to 135 mg L⁻¹ (wet weight) while cyanobacteria biomass ranged from undetectable levels to 130 mg L⁻¹. Most phytoplankton biomass was due to one or a few species. Detectable cyanotoxin concentrations (sum of microcystins) of up to 551.08 μg mg⁻¹ dry weight (DW) of cyanobacteria biomass or 0.28 μg mg⁻¹ DW of total phytoplankton biomass were recorded in samples collected on different dates. Microcystin content did not appear to correspond to the biomass of cyanobacteria suggesting that toxin production is possibly triggered by environmental changes or changes in the proportion of toxic strains. An occasional presence of microcystins in the pond water suggests that the wildlife species, which regularly use the ponds as drinking water sources are potentially exposed to intoxication. A close monitoring of pond water phytoplankton composition is necessary to accurately quantify the potential impact of cyanotoxins on these wildlife species.     

遗传算法优化的支持向量机湿地遥感分类——以洪河国家级自然保护区为例

湿地遥感分类作为湿地管理、监测与评价的重要手段,受到了广泛的关注。遗传算法(GA)借鉴了生物进化规律进行启发式搜索寻优,支持向量机(SVM)是一种新型的空间数据挖掘方法,二者相结合可以发挥各自的优势,寻找到支持向量机的全局最优参数,从而较准确地对湿地进行遥感分类。以洪河自然保护区为例,采用遗传算法优化的支持向量机方法进行了湿地遥感分类研究。同格网搜索下的支持向量机湿地遥感分类及最大似然监督分类对比,结果表明,遗传算法优化较格网搜索方式总精度提高了7.29%,较最大似然监督分类提高了12.06%,方法改善了沼泽、草地与裸地三种地物间的区分,是湿地遥感分类的有效手段。     

Weathering of sulfidic shale and copper mine waste: secondary minerals and metal cycling in Great Smoky Mountains National Park,Tennessee, and North Carolina,USA

Metal cycling via physical and chemical weathering of discrete sources (copper mines) and regional (non-point) sources (sulfide-rich shale) is evaluated by examining the mineralogy and chemistry of weathering products in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, and North Carolina, USA. The elements in copper mine waste, secondary minerals, stream sediments, and waters that are most likely to have negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems are aluminum, copper, zinc, and arsenic because these elements locally exceed toxicity guidelines for surface waters or for stream sediments. Acid-mine drainage has not developed in streams draining inactive copper mines. Acid-rock drainage and chemical weathering processes that accompany debris flows or human disturbances of sulfidic rocks are comparable to processes that develop acid-mine drainage elsewhere. Despite the high rainfall in the mountain range, sheltered areas and intermittent dry spells provide local venues for development of secondary weathering products that can impact aquatic ecosystems.Electronic Supplementary Material  Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.

我国国家重力网的系统转换

本文分析了我国１９５７年国家重力网的精度和问题，探讨了国家重力网的系统转换模式，利用现有的新旧重力网的重合点实际数据进行了回归分析、方差分析和系统误差检验，结果表明在“５７网”与“８５网”之间，除了—１３．５８ｍｇａｌ的平均基准差之外，并不存在其它明显的系统误差，特别是看不出有尺度系统差的影响，也不存在差值随纬度变化的任何规律。因此认为将“５７网”系统转换成“８５网”系统时，可以不必加“尺度系统差改正”，更不用考虑“非线性系统差改正”，建议一律只加一项“基准系统差改正”，其数值应该采用—１３．５８ｍｇａｌ。     

基于国普数据的芦山县地震应急基础数据更新及其应用研究

通过研究地理国情普查数据和四川省芦山县地震应急基础数据库的数据类型、数据结构及二者间的关系,完成了地理国情普查数据向芦山县地震应急基础数据的转换与更新;并以芦山地震为例,利用城镇地震应急快速评估系统验证了更新后数据的可靠性。     

国家经济地图集的设计和制图可视化的方法技术

国家经济地图集是第一部全面,系统反映我国当前经济社会发展面貌和空间分布的大型科学参考地图集,它的编制是一项重大的制图系统工程,本文简要地阐述了图集编制研究的主要方面,包括从分析我国经济社会发展和现状出发,确定图集设计总体目标,为科学和形象地表达我国经济社会特征,而采用的可视化方法技术,以及智能化的计算机制图系统在图集制中的应用。     

美国国家公园地质旅游特色及借鉴意义

自1872 年美国建立第一个国家公园以来, 全世界国家公园数已达2600个, 对于资源环境、生态系统、地质景观的保护起着十分重要的作用, 特别是美国,在保护地质景观的同时, 开展地质旅游, 效果明显。与之比较, 我国的地质公园建设还存在着许多不足。本文主要说明了美国国家公园的主要地质旅游特色, 比较了两国在地质旅游认识、管理方面存在的差异, 并总结了一些值得我们借鉴学习的经验。      

地理空间数据共享机制研究

地理空间数据是地理信息系统的重要组成部分，是国家空间数据基础设施建设的主体，但地理空间数据的多样性导致了数据共享的困难。文中探讨了产生地理空间数据多样性的原因，分析总结了现有的地理空间数据共享的解决方案，并对地理空间数据共享的发展方向进行了展望。     

Airborne laser scanning of forest resources: An overview of research in Italy as a commentary case study

This article reviews the recent literature concerning airborne laser scanning for forestry purposes in Italy, and presents the current methodologies used to extract forest characteristics from discrete return ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning) data. Increasing interest in ALS data is currently being shown, especially for remote sensing-based forest inventories in Italy; the driving force for this interest is the possibility of reducing costs and providing more accurate and efficient estimation of forest characteristics. This review covers a period of approximately ten years, from the first application of laser scanning for forestry purposes in 2003 to the present day, and shows that there are numerous ongoing research activities which use these technologies for the assessment of forest attributes (e.g., number of trees, mean tree height, stem volume) and ecological issues (e.g., gap identification, fuel model detection). The basic approaches – such as single tree detection and area-based modeling – have been widely examined and commented in order to explore the trend of methods in these technologies, including their applicability and performance. Finally this paper outlines and comments some of the common problems encountered in operational use of laser scanning in Italy, offering potentially useful guidelines and solutions for other countries with similar conditions, under a rather variable environmental framework comprising Alpine, temperate and Mediterranean forest ecosystems.