柳河县阎家街地区早寒武世馒头组东热段英安质火山岩的发现及意义

在样子哨古生代向斜盆地东翼寒武纪馒头纽东热段地层剖面中发现一套英安质火山岩,呈薄层状夹杂于紫色含石盐假晶钙质粉砂岩中.岩石化学、稀土元素特征反映本区英安质火山岩具有非造山带陆内稳定构造区和造山带活动大陆边缘构造区过渡类型的特点.可能是华北地台北缘由被动型大陆边缘转化为活动型大陆边缘的一种陆内响应.该套火山岩的发现对研究和恢复早寒武世华北地台北缘的构造演化史具有重要意义.     

Street networks in relation to landforms: Implications for fast-growing cities简

In addition to socio-economic factors, major landforms may affect the city structure and urban form. Here we show that landforms have significant effects on the city shape and street patterns of the fast-growing Iranian cities of Dezful （a river） and Khorramabad （moun- tains and valleys）, but no clear effects on the cities of Yazd and Nain. Also, where the street orientation is peaked, the Gibbs/Shannon entropy （a measure of dispersion or spread） is low, but increases as the distribution becomes more uniform because of landform constraints. The streets in the old inner parts of all the cities are, on average, shorter and denser （more streets per unit area） than the streets of the newer outer parts. The entropies of the outer parts are also greater than those of the inner parts, implying that the street-length distribution gradually becomes more dispersed or spread as the city expands. All these cities have been fast growing in the past decades, with the newer outer parts expanding rapidly. As shown here, the rapidly formed outer parts （with greater dispersion in street patterns） have significantly different textures from those of the older inner parts, indicating different functionality and growth processes. These quantitative methods for street-network analysis can be used worldwide, particularly for analysing the effects of landforms on city shape and texture.     

Analyzing the commercial activities of a street network by ranking their nodes: a case study in Murcia,Spain

Urban researchers and planners are often interested in understanding how economic activities are distributed in urban regions, what forces influence their special pattern and how urban structure and functions are mutually dependent. In this paper, we want to show how an algorithm for ranking the nodes in a network can be used to understand and visualize certain commercial activities of a city. The first part of the method consists of collecting real information about different types of commercial activities at each location in the urban network of the city of Murcia, Spain. Four clearly differentiated commercial activities are studied, such as restaurants and bars, shops, banks and supermarkets or department stores, but obviously we can study other. The information collected is then quantified by means of a data matrix, which is used as the basis for the implementation of a PageRank algorithm which produces a ranking of all the nodes in the network, according to their significance within it. Finally, we visualize the resulting classification using a colour scale that helps us to represent the business network.     

坐标排序在地理信息系统数据处理中的应用

介绍了地理信息系统数据处理中数据几种编号的方法,并详尽阐述了利用坐标排序对常州园林GIS系统（一期）行道树编号的方法与步骤,充分展现了坐标排序在数据处理中的优良特点。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns . Barbara Ruth Bailey . Food Politics: The Regional Conflict . David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey , eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World . R. Ballance , J. Ansari and H. Singer . Neighborhoods in Urban America . Ronald H. Bayor , ed. The English Heartland . By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale . Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy . Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande , eds. Tension Areas of the World . D. Gordon Bennett , ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey . B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet , eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem . Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas , eds. Energy and Land Use . Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin , eds. Slopes and Weathering . Michael Clarke and John Small . Alaska's Rural Development . Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald Mc Beath , eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America . Galen Cranz . World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings . Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery , eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography . Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken . Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development . T. Scarlett Epstein . South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development . T. J. D. Fair . Institutions and Geographical Patterns . Robin Flowerdew , ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas . Howard F. Gregor . Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s . Patsy Healy , Glen Mc Dougall and Michael J. Thomas , eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response . Jeffrey R. Henig . The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective . R. J. Johnston . Climate, History and the Modern World . Hubert H. Lamb . Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man . T. M. L. Wigley , M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer . China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935 . Ernest P. Liang . A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective . Robert S. Livingston , T. D. Anderson , T. M. Besmann , M. Olszewski , A. M. Perry , and C. D. West . Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille . B. S. Mac Aodha , ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility . Hal S. Maggied . Land Uses in American Cities . Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves . Industrial Organisation and Location . Philip Mc Dermott and Michael Taylor . Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology . Emilio F. Moran . Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor . Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas , eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada : Urbanization and Environmental Quality . Isao Orishimo . The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise . John Prest . Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens . Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke . Contest for the South China Sea . Marwyn S. Samuels . The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values . Richard C. Smardon , ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen . The Geography of Multinationals . Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift , eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society . Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester . Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham . Jerry A. Webman . Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942 . Robert C. West , ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers . P. Yoeli .     

基于WebGIS和GSM短消息的城市路灯智能管理设计

基于WebGIS和GSM短消息技术的城市路灯智能管理系统把地图这种独特的视觉化效果和地理分析功能与一般的数据库操作集成在一起,通过GSM短消息实时传输路灯的参数信息,用户通过网络页面不但可以实时查询路灯信息,报警路灯故障信息,还可以统计出报表,使城市路灯管理更加科学化、系统化,提高城市路灯的管理水平.     

Itinerant livelihoods: Street vending‐scapes and the politics of mobility in upland socialist Vietnam

This paper explores the politics of mobility for a group of rural inhabitants attempting to diversify their livelihoods in an especially prescribed environment, namely ethnic minority street vendors living and working in upland socialist Vietnam. These Hmong, Yao and Giáy individuals face a political environment where access and trade rights shift on a near‐daily basis because of the impulses of state officials, and where ethnicity is central to determining who gets to be mobile and how. We analyse three groups of itinerant vendors—those vending on the streets of an upland tourist town, the mobile minority wholesalers who supply them and other traders, and vendors who trek with Western tourists—to reveal the nature of this trade environment, while also highlighting the ways in which ethnic minority vendors negotiate, work around and contest vending restrictions in numerous innovative ways. We find that this focus on the micro‐geographies and everyday politics of mobility is essential to understanding how rural Global South livelihoods are fashioned and diversified, in this case revealing specific relationships and negotiations regarding resource access, ethnicity, state authority and livelihood strategies.     

历史文化商业街经营者的地方感研究——基于黄山市屯溪老街案例

历史文化商业街若能凸显地方性特征将更具吸引力,经营者的地方感不仅是商业街地方性水平的重要标志,更是地方性建构的主体基础。对屯溪老街经营者地方感进行了实地调研,初步探讨了经营者地方感的形成机制,并为历史文化商业街的优化发展提出了建议。研究结果表明:经营者地方感不仅受到地方文化景观和经营活动绩效的影响,更与经营者同游客的互动交流相关,而这也将影响到历史文化商业街的吸引力。老街商业开发的模糊定位一定程度上削弱了其地方性,但丰富的历史文化景观以及经营者与游客的频繁互动,则有助于增进经营者地方感。由此,历史文化商业街的发展不仅要重视保护特色文化景观,更要优化商业活动品质,促进经营者与游客的互动,这是增进经营者地方感和商业街吸引力的基本保障。     

可渗透性环境对盗窃犯罪分布的影响及社会解组的调节作用——兼论街道眼理论与防卫空间理论的适用性

为揭示街道眼与防卫空间理论的分歧源头和适用条件,论文以北京中心城区为研究范围,整合法律文书、定位服务、街景图像、兴趣点等多源大数据,将犯罪机会与社会生态理论置于同一分析框架,探讨了可渗透性环境对盗窃犯罪分布的影响以及社会解组因素的调节作用。结果表明,土地利用密度、功能混合度、路网密度、沿街通透性等可渗透性特征与盗窃密度整体呈现正向关联。建成环境对犯罪行为的影响因社会生态分异而变化,随着居住不稳定性、途经人员流动性、就业人员流动性、人口异质性、社会经济弱势地位等社会解组程度的加深,可渗透性环境的犯罪引致作用将不断放大,防卫空间理论更具适用性。而在社会结构稳定的社区中,街道眼能够发挥自然监控作用,街道眼理论的解释力更强,现实生活中该类社区仍属少数,盲目采用新城市主义设计方法恐会加剧安全风险。