兰州市土地利用绩效的空间格局

针对在微观尺度上土地利用绩效研究比较欠缺的问题,从乡(镇、街道)尺度开展兰州市土地利用绩效空间差异研究。根据前人工作基础确立土地利用绩效评价指标体系,运用熵值法计算和分析兰州市土地利用绩效的空间差异。结果表明,土地利用程度、效率与效益三者呈现出聚集且相似的空间分布特征;而土地利用可持续性空间分布趋势则比较离散;土地利用绩效值形成了4个高值中心区,较高值区分布在高值区的外围,低值区则分布在边缘地区;土地利用绩效的空间聚集性分为热点区、冷点区和异质冷点区3种类型,冷点区空间分布广,稳定性优于异质冷点区和热点区。研究结果为相关政府部门推进土地合理利用提供可靠详实的决策信息。     

An artificial bee colony-based multi-objective route planning algorithm for use in pedestrian navigation at night

Pedestrian navigation at night should differ from daytime navigation due to the psychological safety needs of pedestrians. For example, pedestrians may prefer better-illuminated walking environments, shorter travel distances, and greater numbers of pedestrian companions. Route selection at night is therefore a multi-objective optimization problem. However, multi-objective optimization problems are commonly solved by combining multiple objectives into a single weighted-sum objective function. This study extends the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm by modifying several strategies, including the representation of the solutions, the limited neighborhood search, and the Pareto front approximation method. The extended algorithm can be used to generate an optimal route set for pedestrians at night that considers travel distance, the illumination of the walking environment, and the number of pedestrian companions. We compare the proposed algorithm with the well-known Dijkstra shortest-path algorithm and discuss the stability, diversity, and dynamics of the generated solutions. Experiments within a study area confirm the effectiveness of the improved algorithm. This algorithm can also be applied to solving other multi-objective optimization problems.     

Analysis of pedestrian behaviors through non-invasive Bluetooth monitoring

This paper presents a novel framework to analyze pedestrians' behavioral patterns throughout shopping environments in the historical center of Barcelona, Spain. We employ a Bluetooth detection technique to capture a large-scale dataset of pedestrians' behavior over a one-month period, including during a key sales period. We focused on comparing particular behaviors before, during, and after the discount sales by analyzing this large-scale dataset, which is different but complementary to the conventionally used small-scale samples. Our results uncover pedestrians actively exploring a wider area of the district during a discount period compared to weekdays, giving rise to strong underlying mobility patterns.     

兰州市基本公共服务水平的区域差异分析

针对现有从乡(镇、街道)尺度研究基本公共服务水平空间差异较少的问题,该文以乡(镇、街道)为尺度,运用熵值法分析兰州市基本公共服务水平的空间差异。结果表明:得分最高酒泉路街道是得分最低哈岘乡的3.32倍,中等水平以下的区域占比为55.86%,说明空间差异较大且整体水平较低;较高和高水平区域沿铁路和公路成轴带状延展,而整体水平在东西和南北向均呈现出"n"形趋势;基本公共服务水平存在一定程度的空间关联,局部区域集聚效应显著;人口密度、经济和城市化水平均影响了基本公共服务的发展。研究结果可为相关政府部门推进兰州市基本公共服务均等化发展提供更加翔实的决策支持信息。     

基于Panorama Studio的街景网络快速发布关键技术研究

街景影像与电子地图、遥感影像结合提供给人们一种多尺度、多视角认识地球的新途径。本文探讨了移动测量车、手持相机全景影像的获取方法、基于Panorama Studio的全景影像拼接方法,以及网络环境下全景影像的发布,结合ArcGIS Server发布的地图,探讨了基于JavaScript的街景与地图交互等关键技术,形成一整套全景影像获取、拼接、发布技术流程。在此基础上实现了高速公路带状地形图街景网站的原型设计。     

青岛城市道路邻近中心性及其应用方法

以青岛为实证研究区域,从理论角度探讨了道路全局和局部邻近中心性的地理含义及其各自优缺点,认为全局邻近中心性(GCC)反映的是网络上各点到网络“质心”的距离,可从全局角度反映区位重要性;局部邻近中心性(LCC)反映小范围空间区域的重心,与局部路网密度相关。进一步根据核密度估计(KDE)的机理证明,在城市地理空间结构的实际应用案例中适宜采用KDE法来进行空间分析。本文以手机话务量数据反映的城市居民活动空间结构为例讨论了邻近中心性核密度估计(CC-KDE)的应用,发现与居民活动相关性最高的是核密度全局邻近中心性(GCC-KDE),因为全局邻近中心性核密度估计(GCC-KDE)综合了到网络“质心”距离与道路网络局部密度双重因素,故反映城市人口等与道路密度相关的社会经济现象更有效。     

基于倾斜摄影技术构建实景三维产品的应用开发研究

介绍了倾斜摄影技术特点以及配套的硬件和软件系统;分析了基于倾斜摄影技术构建实景三维产品的关键问题和生产流程,并利用RCD30倾斜数据进行了实景三维产品的生产,掌握了基于倾斜摄影技术构建实景三维产品的生产技术路线。通过应用开发试验,设计出三款特点不同的三维实景模型功能演示系统,为构建实景三维产品提供了一种可行的技术开发途径。     

DP半岛街头抢劫案件的临近重复发生模式

以往研究已经证实某些特定的犯罪类型(如入室盗窃、枪击案件)存在临近重复发生的现象,但是街头抢劫案件是否也同样存在临近重复发生的现象则很少被关注。以H市中心城区DP半岛为研究区域,探索岛上街头抢劫案件的时空分布规律,研究对象为岛上2006-2011年发生的街头抢劫案件(共373起)。利用纳克斯检验(knox test)方法结合重复临近发生计算工具对DP半岛内街头抢劫案件是否存在临近重复发生现象进行探索性分析。研究发现:其一,研究区内的街头抢劫案件在多个空间—时间标度下存在着显著的临近重复发生现象。其二,选取其中最有代表性的空间—时间标度内具有临近重复发生现象的案件,研究其空间分布规律和年际变化规律。结果表明:1"前案件点"在空间分布呈现集聚现象,具有集中分布在主干道区域、土地利用混合程度较高区域以及道路通达性较高的区域三个特征。而针对"前案件点"进行防控切断"临近重复发生链",将减少54起案件的发生。2临近重复发生现象案件在年际分布上的波动变化与警务"严打"行动之间的动态联系,表明"严打"行动对街头抢劫案件的临近重复发生有强烈的抑制作用;而且相比一般案件,临近重复发生案件的发生更加集中于午夜。     

The rise of corporate retailing and the impacts on small-scale retailing: the survival strategies of Kirana stores and informal street vendors in Durgapur,India

In many developing world economies in recent years, the state has been seen to encourage neoliberal economic expansion policies. This has involved both large-scale foreign corporations and sometimes large-scale domestic corporations. Many studies have discussed the new landscapes of economic hardship and the impacts on small businesses. The aim of this paper is to argue that the impacts on small traders are in fact more complex and varied than usually appears in the literature. The research was conducted in the industrial city of Durgapur in the Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India. First it is argued that the impact has been greatest on the ‘kirana’ owners, operating small convenience type stores with legalized trading arrangements and fixed premises. On the other hand, the street vendors (often unlicensed and having no fixed premises) seem not to be affected in terms of customer loss and indeed could be seen to be doing well against the backcloth of neoliberal expansion. In fact we argue that the growth in the number of street vendors provides as much of a threat to future livelihoods for traditional kirana owners as the growth of large corporations itself.