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131.
Giovanni Crosta 《Environmental Geology》1998,35(2-3):131-145
Rainfall, soil properties, and morphology are major factors controlling shallow landsliding. A series of meteorological events
that triggered soil slips in northern Italy were studied to define rainfall thresholds and to evaluate a possible regionalization.
Soil properties, triggering rainfall, and local lithological and morphometrical settings of different sites were used as input
to an infiltration model. The approach allows the recognition of several triggering conditions in the Piedmont, Pre-Alpine
and Alpine regions. This suggests the need for different rainfall thresholds with respect to those derived with other methods.
Intensity versus rainfall duration relationships become particularly important when related to soil permeability and thickness,
and demonstrate the role of antecedent precipitation. Events with exceptional water discharge from obstructed road culverts
reveal the role played by anthropic structures in triggering such phenomena. Different approaches to slope stability analysis
are shown, taking into account bedrock lithology, topography, seepage, and local saturation conditions.
Received: 23 October 1997 · Accepted: 25 June 1997 相似文献
132.
松散堆积体工程边坡变形机理分析及支护对策研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
合理选择开挖坡比、正确认识变形破坏机理是影响松散堆积体边坡稳定性和施工安全的前提, 本文研究了西南地区某松散堆积体工程边坡的结构特征, 根据地形条件确定了合理的开挖坡比, 采用二维有限元研究了开挖边坡的变形机理并根据模拟结果确定潜在滑动面, 在此基础上, 提出支护对策。研究结果表明, 边坡由厚度达70m 的坡洪积、泥石流块碎石堆积体组成, 斜坡下部缓中部稍陡, 开挖平台位于缓坡部位, 根据地形条件结合坡体结构特征确定边坡开挖坡比为1: 0. 75; 数值模拟结果表明, 边坡变形开挖面附近及坡顶拉应力和坡体下部最大剪应力控制, 坡顶部位将首先产生拉张裂隙, 开挖边坡内部产生从坡脚部位向上发展的剪切变形, 滑面一旦与坡顶拉裂缝贯通, 边坡将产生整体失稳; 边坡采用锚拉桩、锚索框架、锚杆框架、排水相结合的综合治理措施进行支护。 相似文献
133.
A large number of studies have documented the structural and sedimentary architecture of the Corinth Gulf, especially the major E–W trending normal faults important in accommodating the main extensional strain and associated growth of the Gilbert fan deltas. However, the role of several N–S oriented structures that crop out at the surface and are detectable at depth by seismic reflection and gravity surveys are not clearly understood. Based on new geological data, collected near Xylokastro, we describe the N–S oriented tectonic activity of this area. The mapped inland faults correspond to off-shore structures identified in re-interpreted seismic lines and appear to have acted as a major transfer zone during the opening of the Corinth Gulf. Reconstruction of the paleo-topography based on sedimentary facies and the environment of clay mineral formation suggest these transfer zones played an important role in controlling both local structural relief and depositional conditions of the Gilbert fan deltas. 相似文献
134.
135.
基于有限元强度折减法的边坡稳定性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
运用有限元强度折减法进行边坡的稳定性分析,同时运用简化bishop法对比结果,发现运用强度折减法进行边坡稳定性分析时,伴随着折减系数的增大,边坡的坡顶水平位移最初缓慢增大,但当折减系数接近边坡的安全系数,坡顶水平位移突然急剧减小,边坡的塑性区也伴随着折减系数的增大,从无到有,直到基本贯通。运用简化bishop法计算的结果和强度折减法的结果对比后得知,两者计算得到破裂面基本一致,但是简化bishop法得到的安全系数偏于保守。 相似文献
136.
概述了南京市水西门市民广场地质环境背景 ,分析了广场建设和灾害发生过程中存在的工程地质条件、工程、管理等方面的问题 ,剖析了该滑坡产生的机制 ,针对近年南京地区边坡失稳和滑坡灾害时有发生的状况 ,提出了防治对策。 相似文献
137.
Jean Ferrandini Michelle Ferrandini Philippe Rossi Brengre Savary-Sismondini 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2010,342(12):921-929
Priabonian age is highlighted for the first time in Corsica in the Venaco Formation using the presence of specific microfauna (in particular some representatives of Turborotalia cerroazulensis lineage). This silicoclastic formation is mainly represented by coarse facies. It is composed of three members from south to north and from oldest towards youngest: member of Uboli, Cardo and Orsu. The sedimentologic analysis reveals a gravity depositional environment, involving different type of currents. Sedimentologic and chronologic characteristics make the Venaco Formation and the Annot Formation (p.p.) equivalent. Dating the Venaco Fm. brings confirmation that the green schist metamorphism of the Variscan batholith and the related deformation are from the pre-Priabonian period. 相似文献
138.
滚石灾害防治方法浅析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
随着人类活动的广度和力度不断加大,多山地带的滚石问题越来越突出,致使有关滚石灾害及其防治方法的研究也逐步得到重视。总体而言,滚石灾害的防治方法可分为主动防护和被动防护两大类,可应用于不同的滚石灾害环境。对各类滚石灾害防治方法进行简单介绍之后,作者分析了各方法的应用范围和适用条件。 相似文献
139.
Despite the gently dipping slopes (ca 1°), large-scale submarine slope failures have occurred on the mid-Norwegian continental
margin (Storegga, Sklinnadjupet, Traenadjupet), suggesting the presence of special conditions predisposing to failure in this
formerly glaciated margin. With a volume estimated between 2,400 and 3,200 km3 and an affected area of approximately 95,000 km2, the Storegga slide represents one of the largest and best-studied submarine slides of Holocene age known worldwide. Finite
element modeling of slope failure indicates that a large (6.5 < Ms < 7.0) seismic triggering mechanism would not be sufficient
to cause failure at more than 110 m below the seabed as observed for the slip planes at Storegga (northern sidewall). This
implies that other factors (e.g., liquefaction, strain softening, gas charging, rapid burial) are needed to explain the occurrence
of the Storegga slide with a deep surface of failure. In this paper, we discuss the importance of the compaction effect of
rapidly accumulated sediments in the slide area. During compaction, sediment grains reorganize themselves, thereby, expelling
pore water. Consequently, depending on sedimentation rate and permeability, excess pore pressures might result beneath less
permeable sediments. Our modeling and cross-checking illustrate how excess pore pressure generation due to high sedimentation
rate could explain the development of layers of weakness, and thus, how such a large slide might have been initiated in deep
sediments. Using the highest sedimentation rate estimated in the area (36 and 27 m/kyr between 16.2 and 15 kyr BP), 1D modeling
shows excess pore pressure values of around 200 kPa at a depth of 100 m below the seafloor 15 kyr BP and 60 kPa at a depth
of 100 m at the time of the slide (8 kyr BP). Excess pore pressure apparently drastically reduced the resistance of the sediment
(incomplete consolidation). In addition, 2D modeling shows that permeability anisotropies can significantly affect the lateral
extent of excess pore pressure dissipation, affecting, that way, normally consolidated sediments far from the excess pore
pressure initiation area. 相似文献
140.
An investigation and remediation of instability along upstream cut slopes for an earthfill dam in differentially weathered rock in southern Turkey is described. The major instability problem was a 45-m high and 200-m long previously cut slope next to the main axis of the dam, above the diversion tunnels and water outlet structures. The slope was first designed and excavated in 1986 based on the temporary berm approach. Rising water level in the reservoir would change the shear strength parameters and the pore-water pressure in the slope; thus, probable deep failure would damage the entrance of the diversion tunnels and water outlet structures, as well as the earthfill embankment of the dam. In June 1996, the slope face was re-excavated and protected against wave erosion by placement of a layer of rock riprap over a layer of bedding and a filter material. A strong earthquake (MS = 6.2) occurred during a period of rapid drawdown in 27 June 1998. The slope remained stable, although numerous tension cracks developed in Quaternary terrace deposits near the reservoir area. 相似文献