湘黔桂毗邻地区南华纪岩相古地理特征及地质意义

为了寻找连续完整且有研究价值的南华系剖面、推进南华系建系工作。本文依据对湘黔桂交界地区南华系主要剖面观察研究所获资料,以沉积岩相类型分析、分布特点为线索,划分出了12种沉积岩相类型,在此基础上反演南华纪各主要阶段古地理环境。得出:南华纪湘黔桂交界地区北西侧为古陆、南东侧为南华裂谷盆地,南华纪早晚两个冰期仅在古陆与盆地过渡的浅海地带,也就是现今的湘黔桂交界地区存在连续完整的沉积,连续完整的具研究价值的南华系剖面应在该区域寻找这一结论。     

Paleobiogeography of Cretaceous larger Foraminifera of Pakistan and the Caribbean region and their bearing on continental drift

The Cretaceous larger Foraminifera of Pakistan are restricted to the Upper Cretaceous belonging to the species of Orbitoides Lepidorbitoides, Omphalocyclus, and Siderolites. The species of these genera are quite distinct in comparison to other assemblages of the Tethys region. None of these species are identical in the Mediterranean or Caribbean regions, with the exception of few concordant species of Orbitoides recorded in the deep-sea cores of Bahama Island. The paleo-ecological factor is the most important consideration in paleogeographic distribution of the Upper Cretaceous larger Foraminifera.     

The central Qiangtang Metamorphic Belt in northern Tibet is an in-situ Paleo-Tethys Ocean: Evidence from newly discovered Late Devonian radiolarians

The paleogeographic position of the North Qiangtang Block, as well as the origin of the Central Qiangtang Metamorphic Belt (CQMB) have subjected to considerable debate that hampers the understanding of the early evolution of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. This study reports a new radiolarian fauna of a Famennian age (Late Devonian) from the ophiolitic mélange south of Gangtang Co, northern Tibet, including Callela parvispinosa Won, Entactinia foveolata Nazarov, and Plenoentactinia pinguis Won. The discovery of Devonian radiolarians in the CQMB strongly supports the model that the Longmu Co–Shuanghu suture zone represents the main branch of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean. A correlation of the Late Devonian radiolarian in Tethys realm reveals that the Longmu Co–Shuanghu suture zone was connected to the Changning–Menglian suture zone in western Yunnan, the Chiang Mai–Inthanon and Chanthaburi suture zones in Thailand, and the Bentong–Raub suture zone in Malay Peninsula. The synchronous advent of Late Devonian radiolarians suggests that the Paleo-Tethys Ocean may have opened during that time.     

Lacustrine tempestite and its geological significance in the Cenozoic study of the Qaidam Basin

During the Cenozoic a typical lacustrine tempestite deposition was developed in the Lulehe and Xichagou sections of the Qaidam Basin. The sedimentary structures of these two sections above are examined here in detail, which consist of storm erosion, storm tear, storm wave and rapid storm-generated sedimentary structures after storm processes, such as groove casts, scour structures, cutoff structures, hummocky cross-stratification (HCS), parallel bedding and graded bedding. On the basis of these sedimentary characteristics and the vertical facies sedimentary sequence, the causes of the sedimentary succession are analyzed and a Cenozoic sedimentary model of the Qaidam Basin containing shallow proximal, transitional and deep distal tempestites is established. According to the tempestite scale and HCS wavelength, the Cenozoic storm was obviously more intense in the basin’s Upper Ganchaigou formation than that in the Lower Youshashan formation. This variation indicates that a paleoclimatic transition largely corresponded with the second uplift of the whole Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The discovery of a Cenozoic tempestite in the Qaidam Basin is significant in the paleogeographic, paleoclimate and paleostructural fields, which provides a new insight in further study of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplift.     

关于郯庐断裂巨大平移问题的商榷

本文以大量地质事实证明郯庐断裂在新生代经历了强烈的水平挤压,中生代则经历了侏罗纪时的水平挤压和白垩纪时的强裂拉张。从古构造和古地理分析,郯庐断裂也未造成过太古界、元古界和古生界地层的明显错移,它们都是受当时的古构造和古地理控制而原地沉积,并非由于郯庐断裂的“巨大平移”才具有现在的布局。郯庐断裂形成于太古代末-元古代初,其后经历了地槽阶段、地台阶段和地洼阶段的漫长演化。不同时期表现出不同的活动特点,但基本上以差异升降和水平挤压及拉张形式为主,未见巨大平移的证据。     

Yria (western Naxos island,Greece): Sea level changes in Upper Holocene and palaeogeographical reconstruction

The Saint Georgios coastal zone, located at the W coast of Naxos, the largest island of the Central Aegean Sea, was investigated in order to determine the palaeo-geography, sea level changes and their effect to the palaeo-environment of western Naxos island and to human activity. Detailed geomorphological mapping, study of micropaleontological and sedimentological characteristics and dating analyses of the Late Holocene of St. Georgios coastal zone were conducted.

To obtain information about the Holocene stratigraphy under the recent alluvial cover, three boreholes followed the detailed geomorphological mapping. Microfaunal analysis took place and five samples of plants, shells, peat and charred material were also collected from several layers of the sedimentary sequence and were dated using AMS and conventional radiocarbon techniques providing temporal control of the sediments. The sea-land interactions during Upper Holocene, in relation to the eustatic sea level oscillations, as well as the geomorphologic observations and analysis on deposited sediments, aims to reveal the palaeo-geographic evolution of the landscape and its impact on the archaeological sites. Sea level rise along with sea-land interactions to the landscape evolution and the transgression of sea in 6144 BP have been verified.     

新疆富蕴县下石炭统南明水组沉积相及其古地理意义

新疆富蕴县以南下石炭统维宪阶南明水组的主要沉积相类型为扇三角洲相、滨海相、海岸平原相,其中扇三角洲相又分为扇三角洲平原和前缘亚相,滨海相主要为临滨亚相。古流向集中于320°~340°,表明物源来自研究区东南方向,推测早古生代塔尔巴哈台褶皱带东段是研究区南明水组的蚀源区。准噶尔东北部早石炭世维宪期古构造格局可能包括准噶尔古陆东北缘由早古生代褶皱带构成的剥蚀区（隆升区）和该剥蚀区西北以南明水组为代表的晚古生代被动大陆边缘。     

The Selloum Basin: new element of the Middle Liassic paleogeography in the southern Middle Atlas (Morocco)

A comparative study of the Middle Liassic series in the south western part of the Middle Atlas system leads to the definition of three new formations called Fellat 1, 2 and 3. They mainly involve gravity-flow deposits related to the breakup of the regional carbonate platform in a subsiding area, the Selloum Basin. The creation of this basin provides evidence for a rifting stage during the Carixian–Domerian interval, inducing the separation of the Selloum unit with respect to the Middle Atlasic trough and its possible connection with the High Atlasic sedimentary domain.     

Mesozoic paleogeography and paleoclimates – A discussion of the diverse greenhouse and hothouse conditions of an alien world

The Mesozoic was the time of the break-up of Pangaea, with profound consequences not only for the paleocontinental configuration, but also for paleoclimates and for the evolution of life. Cool greenhouse conditions alternated with warm greenhouse and even hothouse conditions, with global average temperatures around 6–9 °C warmer than the present ones. There are only sparse and controversial evidence for polar ice; meanwhile, extensive evaporitic and desertic deposits are well described. Global sea levels were mainly high, and the content of atmospheric O₂ was varying between 15 and 25%. These conditions make the Mesozoic Earth an alien world compared to present-day conditions. Degassing from volcanism linked to the rifting process of Pangaea and methane emissions from reptilian biotas were climate-controlling factors because they enhanced atmospheric CO₂ concentrations up to 16 times compared to present-day levels. The continental break-up modified paleopositions and shoreline configurations of the landmasses, generating huge epicontinental seas and altering profoundly the oceanic circulation. The Mesozoic was also a time of important impact events as probable triggers for “impact winters”; and for the Era at least nine huge (diameter > 20 km) impact structures are known. This paper presents an abridged but updated overview of the Mesozoic paleogeographic and paleoclimatic variations, characterizing each period and sub-period in terms of paleoclimatic state and main tectonic and climatic events, and provides a brief geologic, stratigraphic, paleoclimatic and taphonomic characterization of dinosaur occurrences as recorded in the Brazilian continental basins.     

Late Ordovician volcanism in Korea constrains the timing for breakup of Sino-Korean Craton from Gondwana

In the early Paleozoic the Sino-Korean Craton (SKC) and South China Craton (SCC) were situated along the margin of east Gondwana. The SKC was connected to core Gondwana by an epeiric sea which was the site for deposition of lower Paleozoic sequences of SKC. The SKC and SCC may have drifted away from core Gondwana sometime during the mid-Paleozoic and would have been outboard microcontinents in the late Paleozoic, until they collided to form the East Asian continent in the Triassic. The breakup of SCC from Gondwana was suggested to have taken place at ∼380 Ma, while no reliable suggestions have hitherto been made for breakup of SKC from Gondwana. This study presents a convincing evidence for breakup of SKC from Gondwana, based on the recognition of Late Ordovician volcanism in Korea. New SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages, 445.0 ± 3.7 Ma and 452.5 ± 3.2 Ma, are obtained from trachytic rocks of the Ongnyeobong Formation of Taebaeksan Basin in Korea which occupied the marginal part of the SKC in the early Paleozoic. This Late Ordovician volcanism along with previous records of Ordovician volcanic activities along the western margin of the SKC is interpreted indicating the development of an incipient oceanic ridge. The oceanic ridge uplifted the SKC including the epeiric sea, which subsequently resulted in terminating the early Paleozoic sedimentation of the epeiric sea. The paucity of lower Paleozoic volcanic rocks across much of the SKC however suggests that the oceanic ridge did not extend into the epeiric sea. Instead, spreading of oceanic ridge entailed dextral movement of associated transform faults, which may have played a major role in breakup of SKC from mainland Gondwana by the end of Ordovician.