1880年以来石羊河出山径流量重建与变化特征

在石羊河上游山区采集流域树木年轮样芯,建立高分辨率宽度年表。分析年表、降水和径流量间的相关关系,在它们间良好相关性基础上,分别利用多元逐步回归和提取主分量再回归方法重建金塔河和西营河历史时期上年9月至当年8月年径流量序列,以逐一剔除和交叉检验验证回归方程的稳定性和可靠性。1880年以来,石羊河年径流量共经历了4个枯水阶段和3个丰水阶段,而枯水年与丰水年出现的概率大致相同,且远低于平水年出现的概率。用多窗谱分析径流量序列周期变化,发现在不同置信水平上,年径流量存在2.58、2.76、3.28、3.53、4.14和22.2 a的周期。     

油藏地球物理技术在大庆长垣LS油田的应用

针对大庆长垣应用油藏地球物理技术开展精细油藏描述的难点问题,系统阐述了井震联合小尺度构造解释的方法和储层预测的研究。(1)开展分级分层次构造解释,建立了小尺度地质体精细构造解释;(2)在低级序小断层识别和组合方面,采用井指导和验证地震断层解释,同时结合相干体、倾角定位、三维可视化等技术进行综合研究;(3)微幅度构造研究采用井点分层数据小网格成图为主,辅以手动识别、趋势面法、相干体等手段进行逐一落实。储层应用实践证明,地震属性技术预测储层普适性较差,对“泥包砂”型的砂体预测是有效的。地震重构反演技术预测储层精度较高,不仅较好地反映砂体接触关系,而且预测了砂体横向边界。采用“井点定相、切片组形”方法,利用测井曲线形态差异和高程差等特征,辅助以反演切片来研究河道垂向演化,最终实现多期河道的划分。     

2007年宁洱6.4级地震灾害中的农村民房恢复重建模式研究——以宁洱镇民政村为例

基于2007年6月3日云南省宁洱6.4级地震灾区的实地考察和走访,结合对相关文献和救灾档案资料的综合分析,以宁洱镇民政行政村为典型实例,系统地阐述了该次地震灾害中农村民房恢复重建的模式,初步分析了这种恢复重建模式的关键环节、优势和面临的困难,并提出了一些改进该模式的建议,以期为今后的地震恢复重建工作提供一些借鉴。     

汶川地震震后恢复重建工程资金分布特点浅析及应用

采用统计拟合的方法,详细分析了汶川地震震后恢复重建工程资金的分布特点,依据震后恢复重建工程资金与烈度、人口、GDP和损失的拟合关系,提出了基于人口、地震灾害损失、GDP等因素的3个震后恢复重建工程资金快速评估模型,并利用宁洱地震数据验证经验公式的可行性。震后恢复工程资金分布特点及资金评估经验公式对未来地震进行恢复重建规划有良好的借鉴作用。     

Grain-size characteristics and climate variability in TMS5e sequence of Tumen section in southern Tengger Desert, northwestern China

The TMS5e sequence from the Tumen section,at the southern edge of Tengger Desert in the northwestern China,is synchronous with Marine Isotope Stage 5e(MIS5e).It consists of 16 layers of aeolian dune sands,11 layers of lacustrine loess-like facies,and 5 layers of lacustrine facies.The results of grain-size analysis shows that the palaeo-mobile dune sands,palaeo-fixed to semi-fixed dune sands and loess-like sandy loams are mainly composed of sands,ranging from 70% to 96%;their silt contents ranged from 4% to 20%,and their clay contents ranged from 1% to 5%;the climate under which the aeolian dune sands were deposited is similar to that under which modern mobile dune sands form,which is caused by the dominance of the cold,dry East Asian winter monsoon.In contrast,the lacustrine loess-like facies and lacustrine facies had a lower sand contents than those of the three aeolian dune sands,but have higher silt and clay contents,most of their sand content ranged from 30% to 60%,their silt contents ranged from 35% to 55%,and their clay contents ranged from 6% to 20%.The lacustrine loess-like facies and lacustrine facies formed under the influence of the warm,humid East Asian summer monsoon based on their similarity with modern sediments.The grain-size indicator Mz(mean grain diameter) and the SC/D value in the TMS5e sequence indicate climatic insta-bility at the southern edge of the Tengger Desert during MIS5e,with at least 14 fluctuations between a warm,humid climate and a cold,dry climate,divided into five stages:TMS5e5(139 kyr to 129.3 kyr B.P.),TMS5e4(129.3 kyr to 124 kyr B.P.),TMS5e3(124 kyr to 119.5 kyr B.P.),TMS5e2(119.5 kyr to 116.5 kyr B.P.),and TMS5e1(116.5 kyr to 113.7 kyr B.P.).These correspond roughly to MIS5e5,MIS5e4,MIS5e3,MIS5e2,and MIS5e1,respectively,in the GRIP ice core data.     

中国干旱、半干旱区近千年来沙漠化对气候变化的响应

过去近千年来中国北方干旱、半干旱区沙漠化对气候变化有明显的响应,但响应的时间和幅度均存在区域差异。在中世纪温暖期,西部沙区温暖干旱,沙漠化表现为正过程;青藏高原地区沙漠化对气候变化的响应则不统一;中东部沙区为暖湿气候,发生逆过程。在小冰期,西部沙区寒冷且相对湿润,沙漠化发生逆转;青藏高原区沙漠化的响应并不明显;中东部沙区气候寒冷干燥,沙漠化加速。在20世纪暖期,西部沙区和青藏高原区总体上气候呈现暖干化特征,沙漠化发展;而中东部沙区沙漠化则在逆转,但在末期沙漠化有发展的趋势。总体上,西部沙区在暖期沙漠化发生明显的正过程,冷期逆过程明显;东部沙区在暖期沙漠化发生逆转,冷期正过程加速;青藏高原区沙漠化正逆过程主要表现为振荡形式。     

A statistical approach to disentangle environmental forcings in a lacustrine record: the Lago Chungará case (Chilean Altiplano)

A high resolution multiproxy study (magnetic susceptibility, X-ray diffraction, XRF scanner, gray-colour values, Total Organic Carbon, Total Inorganic Carbon, Total Carbon and Total Biogenic Silica) of the sedimentary infill of Lago Chungará (northern Chilean Altiplano) was undertaken to unravel the environmental forcings controlling its evolution using a number of different multivariate statistical techniques. Redundancy analyses enabled us to identify the main provenance of the studied proxies whereas stratigraphically unconstrained cluster analyses allowed us to distinguish the “outsiders” as result of anomalous XRF scanner acquisitions. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to identify and isolate the main underlying environmental gradients that characterize the sedimentary infill of Lago Chungará. The first eigenvector of the PCA could be interpreted as an indicator of changes in the input of volcaniclastic material, whereas the second one would indicate changes in water availability. The chronological model of this sedimentary sequence was constructed using 17 AMS ¹⁴C and 1 ²³⁸U/²³⁰Th dates in order to characterize the volcaniclastic input and the changes in water availability in the last 12,300 cal years BP. Comparison of the reconstructed volcaniclastic input of Lago Chungará with the dust particle record from the Nevado Sajama ice core suggested that the Parinacota volcano eruptions were the main source of dust during the mid and Late Holocene rather than the dry out lakes as has previously been pointed out. The comparison of the water availability reconstruction of Lago Chungará with three of the most detailed paleoenvironmental records of the region (Paco Cocha, Lake Titicaca and Salar Uyuni) showed an heterogeneous (and sometimes contradictory) temporal and spatial pattern distribution of moisture. Although the four reconstructions showed a good correlation, each lacustrine ecosystem responded differently to the moisture oscillations that affected this region. The variations in the paleoenvironmental records could be attributed to the dating uncertainities, lake size, lake morphology, catchment size and lacustrine ecosystem responses to the abrupt arid events.     

3D Reconstruction from SECCHI-EUVI Images Using an Optical-Flow Algorithm: Method Description and Observation of an Erupting Filament

SECCHI-EUVI telescopes provide the first EUV images enabling a 3D reconstruction of solar coronal structures. We present a stereoscopic reconstruction method based on the Velociraptor algorithm, a multiscale optical-flow method that estimates displacement maps in sequences of EUV images. Following earlier calibration on sequences of SOHO-EIT data, we apply the algorithm to retrieve depth information from the two STEREO viewpoints using the SECCHI-EUVI telescope. We first establish a simple reconstruction formula that gives the radial distance to the centre of the Sun of a point identified both in EUVI-A and EUVI-B from the separation angle and the displacement map. We select pairs of images taken in the 30.4 nm passband of EUVI-A and EUVI-B, and apply a rigid transform from the EUVI-B image in order to set both images in the same frame of reference. The optical flow computation provides displacement maps from which we reconstruct a dense map of depths using the stereoscopic reconstruction formula. Finally, we discuss the estimation of the height of an erupting filament.     

Indications for bottom current activity since Eocene times: The climate and ocean gateway archive of the Transkei Basin, South Africa

The Transkei Basin deposits document the sediment transport around South Africa and, hence, reveal details of palaeocurrent activity of this region for the past 36 my. Thermohaline driven water masses like the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and the Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), which are part of the global conveyor belt and the main motor for the heat transfer worldwide, have to pass the southern tip of Africa. A large amount of their sedimentary freight is deposited in the submarine Transkei Basin. By the investigation of high resolution seismic reflection data from central Transkei Basin sediments, we reconstructed depocentres and interface outlines for five different time slices since Cretaceous times. Since at least Late Eocene times, we observe an increasing activity of proto-AABW and later proto-NADW in the Transkei Basin. The current's settings were recurrently modified by various large scale global events, like the opening of the Drake Passage Gateway and the Tasman Gateway ( 34 Ma), respectively, or the closure of the Panama Isthmus ( 3 Ma). The investigations reveal a strong influence of global tectonic and climatic events on NADW and (proto-) AABW and their influence on Transkei Basin deposition.     

山东1736年来逐季降水重建及其初步分析

于清代雨雪档案记载及现代农业气象与气象观测记录 ,根据降水入渗的土壤物理学模型与水量平衡模型 ,恢复了山东济南、泰安、潍坊、菏泽、临沂等 5个地区 1 736～ 1 91 0年逐季降水量 ,建立了各站 1 736～ 2 0 0 0年的逐季降水序列。初步分析结果表明 ,山东各站间的季节降水变化具有较高的相关性与一致性。 1 761～ 1 770年、 1 781～ 1 790年、1 791～ 1 80 0年、 1 80 1～ 1 81 0年、 1 981～ 1 990年等 5个年代的降水明显偏少 ,1 861～ 1 870年、1 871～ 1 880年、 1 881～ 1 890年、 1 90 1～ 1 91 0年等 4个年代则明显偏多。其变化总趋势可概括为 :1 8世纪中前期 ,山东降水相对较多 ;1 8世纪中期起进入少雨期 ;1 9世纪中后期转为多雨期 ;1 9世纪末至 2 0世纪初 ,降水明显减少 ,再次进入相对少雨期 ;2 0世纪 60年代中期以后 ,降水又一次降至较低水平。 1 990年起 ,山东降水有所回升 ,重新进入了相对多雨期。