矿物热电系数及其在地质找矿中的应用

作者的研究表明,在非本征激发区,矿物热电系数随着活化温度的增高而增大;在本征激发区,随活化温度的增高而减小。矿物晶体中所含杂质的种类和含量多少决定矿物的导电类型。矿物热电系数可广泛应用于地质找矿和矿床评价中,以黄铁矿为例,在同一水平面上的含金矿脉,矿脉中黄铁矿热电系数正值高时,其矿石含金量也高。应用黄铁矿热电系数的正高值、混合型和负值可确定矿体和矿体的剥蚀深度。     

卢氏西虎岭黄铁矿床围岩蚀变特征及其找矿意义

文章通过对西虎岭黄铁矿床围岩蚀变的研究认为，围岩蚀变大致可分为６种基本蚀变类型，５个蚀变阶段，３个蚀变带。各蚀变带以矿体为中心对称分布，各带之间呈渐变过渡关系。同时认为矿床成因类型属中低温热液充填型，并指出围岩蚀变的找矿意义。     

末次冰期低纬度西太平洋硅藻席沉积与生态特征

硅藻在全球碳循环中发挥着重要的作用。树荫种硅藻在次表层水体中的勃发成席,并迅速埋藏成为硅藻席沉积,使人们逐渐意识到次表层生产在整个生产力及输出生产中起着重要作用。介绍了首次在低纬度西太平洋区域发现的硅藻席沉积的分布特征,硅藻席发现站位呈带状分布,大致呈北西-南东向展布,大部分散布在17.5°～20°N之间。采集到硅藻席沉积物的站位其水深在碳酸钙补偿深度(CCD)以下4837～6150m的深水区,多分布在较平坦的海底,且受风力和陆源物质输入影响相对较强的区域。该区域硅藻席的形成可能是由于末次冰期时该海区有大洋锋面的形成所致。该区域的成席硅藻Ethmodiscus rex(Wallich)Hendey为典型的树荫种硅藻,可以通过自身调节浮力的作用,在水体相对稳定的贫氧大洋中生存并勃发成席。末次冰期低纬度西太平洋硅藻席沉积的发生,可能使该区成为CO2的汇。     

物化探综合信息找矿方法在萤石矿找矿中的应用

福建光泽地区是闽北地区重要的萤石矿成矿远景区,具有寻找隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿的潜力,但是目前该区隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿找矿成果较少.通过对福建光泽地区I号萤石矿预测区开展物化探综合信息找矿方法应用,探讨物化探综合信息找矿方法在隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿找矿中的应用效果.结果表明:区域水系沉积物测量和大比例尺化探剖面测量圈出的F、Ca等综合异常信息可协助筛选、确定萤石矿找矿目标区;将高精度磁法测量与视电阻率联合剖面测量相结合,可进一步判断萤石矿控矿构造的位置和规模;高密度电阻率法测量可协助确定控矿构造的深部延伸情况.地表检查和深部钻探验证表明:区域化探、高精度磁法测量、视电阻率联合剖面测量和高密度电阻率法测量等物化探综合信息找矿方法组合,可指导隐伏—半隐伏萤石矿的找矿工作.     

中国锂矿的多旋回深循环内外生一体化成矿理论及其找矿应用

中国锂资源的分布具有卤水型与硬岩型相伴相随、若即若离的特点。“多旋回深循环内外生一体化”成锂理论,在多年三稀金属矿产找矿实践和理论研究的基础上不断丰富完善。中国锂矿的形成与“多旋回”构造运动密切相关,从前寒武纪到新生代均有成矿潜力,可构成一个完整的多旋回成矿谱系。锂的“深循环”,一是锂深度参与成岩成矿的物质循环;二是需要一个“圈闭”的构造背景将锂“捕获”以避免其过度分散,锂从开始加入到岩浆与最终定位的深度之差,是硬岩型锂矿成矿的关键之一,压差越大越有利于伟晶岩型锂矿的形成。大量锂矿实例显示锂的物质循环是“内外生一体化”的统一过程,高海拔地区(山上)的含锂地质体(花岗岩类甚至直接就是含锂矿床)经风化剥蚀之后,可能成为沉积型锂矿的物质来源之一;而富含锂的沉积岩经过埋藏、变质、深熔也可以形成含锂的岩浆岩、伟晶岩。我国西部塔里木盆地、四川盆地、扎布耶盆地及东部的江汉盆地、吉泰盆地、周田盆地等大小不一的盆地均含锂,而其周边造山带中也不同程度发育硬岩型锂矿,这就为区域找矿指明了方向。“多旋回深循环内外生一体化”成锂理论是三稀矿产成矿理论的重要组成部分,为我国锂矿找矿工作提供了指导和借鉴,在甲基卡、可尔因、阿尔金、幕阜山等锂矿矿集区的找矿实践中发挥了积极作用。     

胶东夏甸金矿床构造-热历史: 成岩-成矿年代学与磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学综合约束

胶东是全球唯一已知前寒武纪变质地体内的晚中生代巨型金成矿系统, 其成矿机制独具特色, 属胶东型金矿床成因新类型; 深入剖析该成矿系统的形成、变化与保存过程对丰富和完善金成矿理论具有重要意义。夏甸超大型金矿床位于胶东招平金矿带中南段, 赋存于晚侏罗世玲珑花岗岩和早白垩世郭家岭花岗岩中, 是一典型的胶东型金矿床; 该矿床成岩-成矿时代已有精确限定, 但其精细演化过程与成矿后变化-保存尚缺乏有效约束, 是开展矿床形成与隆升剥蚀研究的理想选择。因此, 本文通过成岩-成矿年代学与磷灰石裂变径迹热年代学综合约束该矿床的构造-热历史, 揭示其主控因素, 提高对该成矿系统的认识, 为深部找矿潜力评价提供支撑。本次获取的锆石U-Pb定年结果显示玲珑花岗岩和郭家岭花岗岩分别于151.7±2.1Ma(2σ)和125.8±1.6Ma(2σ)侵位。区域已有黑云母和白云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar年龄表明玲珑岩体侵位后缓慢冷却, 并发生韧性变形; 郭家岭花岗岩则经历了同岩浆韧性变形和快速冷却; 约于124Ma两者均冷却至350±50℃, 区域发生韧脆性变形转换。夏甸金矿床与载金矿物共生的热液绢云母⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar和热液独居石U-Pb年龄表明, 该区于约120Ma发生大规模脆性构造活动和金成矿作用。本文利用采自夏甸金矿床-652m中段532巷道中包括主控矿断层上、下盘经历不同变形程度的7件岩/矿石样品进行磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)分析。除遭受异常热事件影响的主断裂上盘次级断层断层泥样品外, 其余6件样品AFT中值年龄在32.5±1.7Ma(1σ)至23.6±2.9Ma(1σ)之间, 其径迹长度平均值低于14μm(范围为12.0±0.3μm~13.8±0.3μm)、为单峰分布、并略具负偏斜特征, 表明该矿床大致在32~23Ma单调缓慢通过磷灰石裂变径迹部分退火带(125~60℃)。综合区域已有热年代学资料与上述锆石U-Pb、AFT数据, 重建了夏甸金矿床自赋矿玲珑和郭家岭花岗岩侵位以来的构造-热演化历史, 计算出自120Ma金成矿至今该矿床平均冷却和剥蚀速率分别为1.8℃/Myr和0.059km/Myr, 总剥蚀量约为7km, 对比前人对胶西北地区整体剥蚀程度与深部成矿潜力的定量评估以及目前~1.5km的钻孔最大见矿深度, 推断其深部找矿潜力良好。

     

A Novel Three-stage Tectonic Model for Mississippi Valley-type Zn-Pb Deposits in Orogenic Fold-and-Thrust Belts

Mississippi Valley-type (MVT) Zn-Pb deposits predominantly form within both orogenic forelands and fold-and-thrust belts, yet the mineralization process within the latter tectonic setting remains inadequately understood. This study, through a comprehensive review of MVT deposits across global fold-and-thrust belts, introduces a novel model elucidating the mineralization process in the context of tectonic belt evolution. It is demonstrated that during the stage I, regional compression is introduced by early stages of plate convergence, causing the folding and thrusting and creating structural or lithological traps such as evaporite diapirs and unconformity-related carbonate dissolution-collapse structures. Thereafter, in stage II, hydrocarbons begin to migrate and accumulate within these traps, where reduced sulfur is generated through thermochemical or bacterial sulfate reduction concurrent with or preceding Zn-Pb mineralization. In the subsequent stage III, as plate convergence persists, the regional stress transitions from compression to transpression or extension. Under these conditions, steeply-dipping extensional faults are generated, facilitating the ascent of metalliferous brines into early-formed structural or lithological traps. Precipitation of Zn and Pb sulfides occurs through the mixing of Zn-Pb-transporting fluids with pre-existing reduced sulfur or by interaction with hydrocarbons.     

锑矿床研究若干问题初探

锑矿床研究的重点包括：锑矿床分类;不同构造环境下锑矿庆的成因模式;锑的来源。今后锑矿床分类将以锑矿庆形成的构造背景为主,结合锑矿床成因方式和容矿主岩特点来进行。文章介绍了几种典型构造环境下（大型走滑、造山挤太和造山崩坍）锑矿床形成机理和成因模式。现有的资料表明锑矿床受壳幔相互作用所制约（如拆沉作用,ｄｅｌａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎ）,这无疑会成为锑矿研究的热点和难点。     

Tectono–Magmatic Evolution and Metallogenesis along the Northeast Jiangxi Deep Fault, China

Abstract: From the southernmost part of Jiangsu province to the northeastern part of Jiangxi province, China, the Northeast Jiangxi Deep Fault runs for about 400 km length with a width of 30 to 40 km. This fault marks the suture zone of two ter-ranes of Proterozoic age. At the both sides of the fault, Yanshanian granitic activity is recognized. That is, the Dexing-Wuyuan porphyry belt on the NW side of the fault, and the Damaoshan-Lingshan granite belt on the SE side. The former activity is characterized by the occurrence of small stocks of granodioritic composition, rich in siderophile elements but poor in LIL elements. No distinct Eu anomaly is recognized in the REE pattern, and a low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio is reported. Magnetite, sphene and apatite are observed as accessory minerals. On the contrary, granitic activity on the SE side of the fault is characterized by the occurrence of composite batholiths, in general of granitic to monzogranitic composition, rich in LIL and alkali elements but poor in siderophile and alkali earth elements. A strong Eu anamaly is recognized in the REE pattern, and initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios are as high as 0. 716. Fluorite, zircon and REE minerals are observed as accessory minerals. These two contrasting granitic activities are refered to as syntexis– and transformation–types, respectively, following the classification commonly used in China, and have similar petrochemical characteristics to those defined for the magnetite– and ilmenite–series, and I– and S-type granitoids. Considering that the above igneous activity occurred far from the supposed subduction zone along the East Coast of China, intracontinental A-type (continent to continent) subduction is proposed to have occurred northwestwards along the NE Jiangxi Deep Fault during Yanshanian time due to a strong compressional stress from SE to NW. A-type subduction introduced the continental slab to some depth, and resulted in the production of the paired granitic activity observed on both sides of the fault. Many mineral deposits are associated with both granitic belts. In the Dexing-Wuyuan porphyry belt, the Dexing porphyry Cu and Yinshan polymetallic deposits are representative, whereas in the Damaoshan-Lingshan granite belt, several tens of rare metal deposits are known such as the Geyuan Nb–Ta–W–Sn deposits. Metal assemblages of those deposits reflect the source materials of magmas in both granitic belts.     

岩浆核杂岩和变质核杂岩特征对比及控矿实例——南秦岭牛山-凤凰山变质核杂岩和牛山北岩浆核杂岩构造群落及控矿模式

以南秦岭牛山-凤凰山变质核杂岩和牛山北岩浆核杂岩为例, 通过核杂岩的构造群落、变质程度、岩浆侵位与变形时代、构造层次与演化、控矿特征与控矿构造-蚀变岩相填图及测年研究, 对比2类核杂岩的特征及其控矿作用。结果表明, 2类核杂岩有相似的结构样式, 但构造群落和演化差别较大。牛山-凤凰山变质核杂岩核部为新元古代武当岩群和耀岭河岩组中深变质岩, 其中可见新元古代石英闪长岩和加里东期辉石岩-辉绿岩株, 说明是在新元古代或加里东期形成的。核杂岩与外围震旦系—泥盆系浅变质岩间由剥离断层及韧性剪切带分割。志留系梅子垭岩组为浅变质强变形的岩片组合, 发育多层次韧性剪切、固态流变、滑脱-逆冲-走滑变形3期新生面理及其置换。而牛山北岩浆核杂岩核部和外围是浅变质岩, 在核部和外围填图、测试时发现新元古代、早古生代、三叠纪、侏罗纪4期侵入岩, 与岩浆核杂岩相关的有三叠纪—早侏罗世二长花岗岩株和晚侏罗世花岗岩脉2期侵入岩。研究发现, 与岩浆核杂岩伴随的岩浆侵位、韧性剪切变形与热变质增温-变斑晶加大-自然金沿S2面理分布-金矿化热液蚀变等的时代均集中在晚三叠世—侏罗纪, 指示了时代较新的陆内造山期岩浆核杂岩的脆-韧性剪切变形-立交桥式岩浆-热力垂向增生-热液蚀变成矿时空关联特点及深部找矿方向。