江淮流域旱涝年夏季降水与东亚季风区低频OLR的变化特征

用美国NOAA卫星提供的1974-2004年逐日OLR资料,选取江淮流域典型旱涝年进行合成分析,再利用Butterworth带通滤波器进行滤波,分别得到旱涝年30～60 d的OLR低频分量,并分析了旱涝年夏季OLR及其低频振荡分布特征与传播差异,最后研究了夏季青藏高原南侧与华北地区OLR低频变化与江淮降水的关系,结果表明:旱涝年夏季东亚地区OLR低频分量的经纬向传播差异是造成江淮地区夏季旱涝的原因之一;典型旱年江淮流域降水与青藏高原南侧逐候的OLR低频分量显著正相关,而在典型涝年则是负相关;华北地区存在负(正)OLR低频分量可能导致滞后其20 d的江淮流域降水偏少(多).     

2008年6-8月河南空中云水资源分布特征

利用FY2号卫星观测的2008年6-8月OLR资料和T213提供的相对湿度资料,分析了2008年夏季(6-8月)河南空中云系特征和水汽的空间分布,结果表明:实时OLR产品图像可以作为一幅天气图,进行数值化分析和处理.OLR值可以反映中高纬地区对流活动的强弱.2008年夏季,OLR的月平均分布与夏季月总降水量有较好的对应关系;相对湿度月平均分布与河南省月降水量趋势基本一致.     

CLIMATIC CHARACTERISTICS OF NET RADIATION IN THE EARTH-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM OVER CHINA

Investigated are effects of the total cloudiness and other factors on earth-atmosphere net radia-tion(EANR)and analyzed is its relation to other components and ground surface net radiation inthe context of ERBE and ISCCP.Evidence suggests that planetary scale albedo and earth-atmo-sphere short wave absorption radiation have maximum effect on the net radiation under study,withthe influence of cloud and latitude displayed predominantly through the two factors;OLR has rela-tively weak effect;the earth-atmosphere net radiation is well correlated with surface net radiation.Analysis is also performed of the geographic distribution of the earth-atmosphere net radiationthroughout China,and the annual curve of the net radiation on a local basis is marked by high(low)value in summer(winter)with the impact of factors.including total cloudiness responsiblelargely for the shift of the months with maximum.     

青藏高原大气热量源汇年际变化青藏高原大气热量源汇年际变化

本文使用1961～1995年逐月青藏高原地区大气视热量源汇＜Ql＞资料、1961～1990年青藏高原地区积雪日数和积雪深度资料、美国NCEP／NCAR的再分析资料以及1975～1994年全球OLR资料，讨论了高原大气热状况年际变化及其与大气环流的关系，发现：高原地区大气热源年际变化明显，其中春季和秋季高原地区＜Ql＞的变率最大，并且水平分布很不均匀；当冬季高原冷源弱(或强)时，东亚大槽位置偏东(或西)，对应着东亚强(或弱)的冬季风；夏季高原热源强(或弱)的年份，在高原及其邻近地区的对流层中、低层为偏差气旋环流(或反气旋环流)，在中国长江流域低层为异常的西南风(或东北风)，对应着东亚强(或弱)的夏季风，夏季高原热源强度还与南亚高压的强度和位置有关；春季4月的积雪状况与夏季高原大气热源强度有明显关系；夏季高原热源与同期青藏高原东南部、孟加拉湾、中南半岛、东南亚、中国西南部、长江流域和从黄海到到日本海一带对流有明显正相关     

福建前汛期降水趋势的OLR特征及诊断分析

本文取全省25个代表站5－6月的降水资料和射出长波辐射（OLR）月平均资料为素材，首先确定降水偏差指数（即相对距平）和异常年例，其次揭示异常年例和基本规律的OLR特征，最后进行诊断判据分析及对2001－2002年福建前汛期水趋势诊断；主要结果有：（1）东亚中低纬地区的OLR由中纬向低伟若呈高（低）、低（高）、高（低）分布时（流场呈辐散（辐合）、辐合（辐散）、辐散（辐合）分布），福建前汛期降水易于偏多（少）；（2）在诊断判据分析时上一年十月侧重南半球所显示的信息；而当年一月侧重西太平洋辐合、巴基斯坦－印度北部－青藏高原西部和东南亚地区所显示的信息；（3）OLR距平分布图所提供的信息在实际诊断过程中具有应用价值。     

Proper depiction of monsoon depression through IRS-P4 MSMR

In this paper, daily variations of satellite-derived geophysical parameters such as integrated water vapour (IWV), cloud liquid water content (CLW), sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface wind speed (SSW) have been studied for a case of monsoon depression that formed over the Bay of Bengal during 19th-24th August 2000. For this purpose, IRS P4 MSMR satellite data have been utilized over the domain equator — 25‡N and 40‡-100‡E. An integrated approach of satellite data obtained from IRS-P4, METEOSAT-5 and INSAT was made for getting a signal for the development of monsoon depression over the Indian region. Variations in deep convective activity obtained through visible, infrared and OLR data at 06 UTC was thoroughly analyzed for the complete life cycle of monsoon depression. Geophysical parameters obtained through IRS-P4 satellite data were compared with vorticity, convergence and divergence at 850 and 200 hPa levels generated through cloud motion vectors (CMVs) and water vapour wind vectors (WVWVs) obtained from METEOSAT-5 satellite. This comparison was made for finding proper consistency of geophysical parameters with dynamical aspects of major convective activity of the depression. From the results of this study it is revealed that there was strengthening of sea surface winds to the south of low-pressure area prior to the formation of depression. This indicated the possibility of increase in cyclonic vorticity in the lower troposphere. Hence, wind field at 850 hPa with satellite input of CMVs in objective analysis of wind field using optimum interpolation (OI) scheme was computed. Maximum cyclonic vorticity field at 850 hPa was obtained in the region of depression just one day before its formation. Similarly, with the same procedure maximum anticyclonic vorticity was observed at 200 hPa with WVWVs input. Consistent convergence and divergence at 850 and 200 hPa was noticed with respect to these vorticities. In association with these developments, we could get lowest values of OLR (120 W/m² ) associated with major convective activity that was consistent with the maximum values of integrated water vapour (6-8gm/cm²) and cloud liquid water content (50-60 mg/cm² ) persisting particularly in the southwest sector of the monsoon depression.     

中国大陆地区的OLR与厄尔尼诺现象

本文利用美国NOAA极轨卫星观测的1974年6月—1986年2月2.5×2.5经纬度网格区月平均的OLR资料,计算分析了中国大陆地区地—气系统射出长波辐射(OLR)的基本气候特征,给出了OLR的年、季平均值及均方差的空间分布图。并计算分析了1974—1985年期间厄尔尼诺年与反厄尔尼诺年中国大陆地区OLR的差异,进行对比分析,初步得到一些有意义的现象。     

热带OLR异常的遥相关结构及其季节变化

本文用单点相关研究了1月和7月热带OLR异常的遥相关结构及其季节变化。结果表明，热带纬带（15°N-15°S）遥相关型具有纬向偶极结构和准驻波性。1月遥相关具有热带波数2的结构，它反映了东非（赤道中太平洋）和南美（热带西太平洋）之间的非绝热加热异常存在翘翘板（Seesaw）关系；7月遥相关呈热带1波型，它同全球最强的行星尺度热源异常的东西振荡相联系。遥相关型对季节变化的敏感性主要表现为全球热带纬带几个热源（汇）区强度变化和纬向位移，以及东非的遥相关在6-9月符号变异，并由此引起遥相关型从冬到夏从波数2向波     

AN INVESTIGATION INTO TROPICAL CYCLONE MOVING DIRECTION PREDICTION BASED ON OLR DATA

1 INTRODUCTION The Tropical Cyclone (TC) moving prediction is always difficult and important in operation. Though the numerical prediction and satellite data have contributed to the promotion of prediction capability in this way[1 – 3], it is not as satisfying for the unusual track of TC, and the primary reason is that the TC moving direction is influenced by many complicated factors. Therefore, further study of unusual TC motion using high-resolution satellite data is very important …     

2001年云南雨季开始偏早与孟加拉湾季风爆发的关系

分析2001年云南雨季开始期东南亚环流形势的逐日演变,并用OLR资料分析了雨季开始前东南亚对流活动的逐日演变。指出云南雨季开始受孟加拉湾季风影响,孟加拉湾季风爆发早且偏强,导致云南2001年雨季开始偏早,雨量偏多,在预报云南雨季开始时东南亚地区环流的季节调整及对流活动的北上应是重要因素。