粤北大宝山矿区加里东期火山岩的厘定及其地质意义

粤北大宝山矿区一带出露一套与层状Fe-Cu-Pb-Zn矿化紧密共生的层状火成岩。层状火成岩产状与上覆页岩及大理岩和下伏碳质页岩基本一致。本文通过层状火成岩显微特征及锆石年龄探讨火成岩形成环境及时代。层状火成岩为斑状结构,块状构造,局部发育条带状构造及流动构造。层状火成岩的斑晶主要由火山喷发形成的棱角明显石英、斜长石、钾长石、少量角闪石、黑云母及黄铁矿等晶屑及少量岩屑组成,基质为火山熔浆凝结形成的全晶质矿物,主要由粒度极细的石英、钾长石、绢云母、白云母及少量黑云母等组成,石英和钾长石构成典型的霏细结构。层状火成岩含大量火山碎屑及具流动构造等现象表明其为火山碎屑熔岩类,主要为英安质凝灰熔岩、流纹质凝灰熔岩及角砾熔岩。大宝山矿区中部流纹质凝灰熔岩和东部丘坝一带英安质凝灰熔岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为436.4±4.1Ma,MSWD=0.94和434.1±4.4Ma,MSWD=1.9,是加里东期形成的。据大宝山矿区熔岩锆石U-Pb年龄,结合层状熔岩和灰岩及碳质页岩紧密共生及区域深大断裂构造活动特征,我们认为大宝山与层状矿化关系密切的层状火成岩为加里东期海相火山熔岩,粤北一带加里东期海相火山活动可能和形成于加里东期的吴川-四会深大断裂活动有关。     

对陕北地区石油储量计算中扩边问题的讨论

针对陕北地区油藏类型的特殊性,依据容积法计算模型,对控制储量计算中确定含油面积时的扩边问题进行了讨论,并提出了新的认识.     

“95.8”川西大暴雨成因分析

通过对“９５．８”大暴雨过程的全面技术总结，揭示了多种尺度系统间相互作用对产生大暴雨过程的贡献，并指出了云团的发生及其发展源于北方冷空气和南方低空急流持续影响所形成的两个中间尺度垂直环流。     

Holocene initiation and expansion of the southern margins of northern peatlands triggered by the East Asian summer monsoon recession

Northern peatlands represent one of the largest biospheric carbon reservoirs in the world. Their southern margins act as new carbon reservoirs, which can greatly influence the global carbon dynamics. However, the Holocene initiation, expansion and climate sensitivity of these peatlands remain intensely debated. Here we used a compilation of basal peat ages across six isolated peatlands at the southern margins of northern peatlands to address these issues. We found that the earliest initiation event of these peatlands occurred after the Younger Dryas (YD, 12,800–11,700 years ago) period. The second initiation event and rapid expansion occurred since 5 ka cal. BP. The recession of East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) during the YD period and at around 5 ka cal. BP likely played a major role in controlling the initiation and expansion of these peatlands. The rapid expansion of these peatlands possibly contributed to the significant increases in atmospheric methane concentrations during the late Holocene because of the minerotrophic fens status and rapid expansion of them. These ecological processes are different from northern peatlands, indicating the special carbon sink and source implications of these peatlands in the global carbon cycle.     

北羌塘坳陷南部胜利河油浸白云岩

北羌塘坳陷南部胜利河上游出露油浸白云岩,层位为中侏罗统布曲组上部,近水平产状,下伏TOC含量高的黑色泥页岩。油浸白云岩呈灰黑色,原岩为生物碎屑灰岩,经历了白云岩化作用;表面覆盖烟灰状沥青,内含易于挥发的轻质油;地表样品含油率为765×10^–6,远高于南羌塘坳陷隆鄂尼—昂达尔错古油藏地表出露的白云岩油砂(含油率(12～236)×10^–6)。胜利河油浸白云岩裂隙发育,孔隙度为6.49%、渗透率为3.81 mD,属于羌塘盆地有利储层。油气地球化学及油源对比结果显示,胜利河油浸白云岩原油来源于中下侏罗统富有机质泥页岩。胜利河油浸白云岩对北羌塘坳陷油气勘查评价具有重要指示意义。     

扬子陆块北缘构造演化新认识：来自原花山群年代学和地球化学的制约

原花山群分布于紧邻南秦岭的扬子陆块北缘大洪山地区,出露于重要的构造部位,是研究其形成时期扬子陆块构造演化及其与南秦岭关系的重要载体,其物质组成、形成时代和构造属性长期存在争论。本文将原花山群解体为花山构造混杂岩和正常的火山—沉积地层（本文所指花山群）两部分来讨论。笔者重新厘定了花山群的沉积时限,有针对性地对有构造背景争议的花山群进行玄武岩地球化学研究,对有时代争议的混杂岩进行锆石U-Pb年代学研究。年代学、地球化学和沉积学综合研究表明,花山群的沉积时限为ca. 830 Ma至ca. 800 Ma,形成于与Rodinia超大陆裂解有关的陆内裂谷盆地。花山构造混杂岩带可能不只是晋宁期的缝合带,而是具有多期物质组成、经历了多期构造叠加的复合型缝合带。结合他人成果,我们提出了扬子陆块与南秦岭从新元古代到早古生代的构造演化新模式。     

Mantle metasomatism and generation of Early Permian ultramafic rocks in northern North China CratonSCIEI北大核心CSCD

华北克拉通北部高寺台晚古生代环状杂岩体是一套富单斜辉石的超镁铁质岩,是研究华北北部地幔碳酸盐化熔体交代作用的理想对象,同时也是华北克拉通北部晚古生代岩浆活动与深部碳循环联系的纽带。作者在岩体西部边缘识别出一套早二叠世早期富铁角闪单斜辉石岩,形成时代为297.8±3.4Ma。结合岩体东部辉石岩早泥盆世和早石炭世的成岩年龄,表明高寺台超镁铁质杂岩体可能是晚古生代多期岩浆侵位的产物。其次,高寺台环状超镁铁质杂岩体缺少大面积辉长岩和闪长岩、硫化物和Cu-Ni-PGE矿化,单斜辉石成分具有裂谷带堆晶岩矿物特征,角闪石也具有相对低的结晶温度(933~947℃)和压力(287~323MPa)及水含量(4.06%~5.10%),而且区域上尚未发现同期环状杂岩体和蛇绿岩,与岛弧拼贴到陆块后沿俯冲带延伸数万米侵位的阿拉斯加型环状杂岩体明显不同。另外,前人的研究显示,与铬铁矿中富镁单斜辉石包裹体平衡的苦橄质母岩浆显示出OIB的特征,具有强烈的重稀土分馏、富Nb和高Nb/La,异常高的Ca/Al和(La/Yb)N,低的Ti/Eu、Zr/Sm和Hf/Sm,这些特征都表明苦橄质母岩浆起源于石榴石相软流圈地幔,且源区遭受过显著的碳酸盐熔体交代。单斜辉石岩中单斜辉石及角闪石成分及其平衡岩浆成分记录了母岩浆与岩石圈地幔相互作用后的岩浆演化过程,也显示出比母岩浆弱的源区碳酸盐熔体交代印记。此外,岩浆房在地壳浅部经历了多期深部岩浆补给和富铁熔体贯入,同时带来热量和挥发分,触发晶粥体活化,促进了岩浆的上升运移。高寺台环状超镁铁质杂岩体具有板内成因特征,可能是陆内岩石圈伸展的产物。华北克拉通北部晚石炭世-早二叠世三个岩浆事件峰期很好地对应着全球三次升温和CO_(2)回升事件,岩石圈伸展能有效促进强烈的中酸性岩浆活动及起源于碳酸盐化地幔的基性岩浆释放出大量的CO_(2),它们可能是晚石炭末期-早二叠世早期全球大气CO_(2)回升的贡献者之一。     

西藏拉隆穹窿淡色花岗岩中石榴子石矿物学研究及对岩浆-热液过程的指示

为建立淡色花岗岩演化和稀有金属成矿的矿物学指标,本文选取了北喜马拉雅拉隆淡色花岗岩的石榴子石为研究对象,对其开展电子探针分析和矿物原位LA-ICP-MS微量分析,结果表明MnO含量从白云母花岗岩(12.42%~13.48%)到钠长石花岗岩(16.83%~22.09%)逐渐增高,白云母花岗岩石榴子石主要为铁铝榴石,钠长石花岗岩中石榴子石主要为锰铝榴石,其均为典型岩浆成因的石榴子石。石榴子石微量元素结果显示白云母花岗岩和钠长石花岗岩石榴子石稀土均呈现HREE富集、LREE亏损,Eu负异常的特征。从白云母花岗岩到钠长石花岗岩,石榴子石中Zn含量增加,Sc、Y和HREE等元素含量降低,特别是当HREE含量小于1000×10^-6时,稀有金属元素Be、Nb和Ta含量增加,标志着岩浆演化从正岩浆阶段进入了岩浆-热液过渡阶段。形成于岩浆-热液过渡阶段的锰铝榴石可以作为拉隆淡色花岗岩Be-Nb-Ta稀有金属矿化的矿物学指标,此外,石榴子石中Sc、Y和HREE等元素的变化也可以作为淡色花岗岩稀有金属矿化的判别标志。     

A detailed luminescence chronology of the Lower Volga loess-palaeosol sequence at Leninsk

We present a detailed luminescence chronology of the loess-palaeosol sequences in the Lower Volga region of Russia at the Leninsk site – an important palaeogeographic archive describing the climate and environmental conditions of regressive stages of the Caspian Sea. The chronology of these sediments has received very little attention compared to the under- and overlying marine deposits. The degree of bleaching was addressed by making use of the differential resetting rates of quartz and feldspar. Our results show that the quartz OSL and feldspar pIRIR_50,290 signals were sufficiently bleached before deposition and uncertainties in bleaching have a negligible impact on the reliability of the luminescence ages. The combined quartz OSL and K-feldspar pIRIR_50,290 chronology constrains the main stages of the Northern Caspian Lowland evolution during the Late Quaternary. During early MIS 5 (130–120 ka), the northern part of the Lower Volga was covered by a shallow brackish water estuary of the warm Late Khazarian Caspian Sea transgression. After ∼122 ka, the Volga incised the Northern Caspian Lowland surface following sea-level decrease and the start of subaerial conditions at Leninsk. Loess accumulation rate increased towards the end of MIS 5 and two palaeosols of presumably MIS 5с and MIS 5a age formed, exhibiting features evidencing a dry, cold climate, influenced by long seasonal flooding by the Volga River. Cryogenesis affecting the MIS 5a soil is a regional phenomenon and is dated to between ∼70 and 90 ka. The overlying thick Atelian loess unit formed during the cold periods of MIS 4 and MIS 3. Clear erosional features at the top of the Atelian loess are constrained by luminescence to ∼35 to ∼24 ka, allowing reconstruction of erosion of 150–200 cm of loess.