Sources of monsoon precipitation and dew assessed in a semiarid area via stable isotopes

Precipitation is usually the primary source of water for the hydrological cycle in a semiarid area. However, dew occurs frequently and affects water circulation dramatically in the west of Jilin Province in China. Measurements of the amount of dew formed and precipitation were carried out from July 2012 to October 2013 in the Momoge Natural Reserve. The results indicated that moisture from primary precipitation in the summer originated from the East Asian monsoon and was affected by the atmospheric circulation in the middle and high latitudes of Eurasia in the winter. The dew amount was approximately 19.44 mm (approximately 5% of the total rainfall amount), consisting of the evapotranspiration in the local area and atmospheric moisture. Dew also supplies nutrients to the local vegetation. The maximum contribution of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and potassium in unit corn area could reach 288.60, 27.46, and 291.63 mg/m² in half a month, respectively. The wind speed, relative humidity, and lowest temperature were the primary factors that dramatically affected dew formation and amount. As an additional source of fresh water, dew not only had a positive impact on the ecosystem in arid and semiarid zones but also played an important role in the local water cycle and other ecological processes. This research has important implications for water circulation and land use management.     

Simple water balance modelling of surface reservoir systems in a large data-scarce semiarid region / Modélisation simple du bilan hydrologique de systèmes de réservoirs de surface dans une grande région semi-aride pauvre en données

Abstract

Abstract Water resources in dryland areas are often provided by numerous surface reservoirs. As a basis for securing future water supply, the dynamics of reservoir systems need to be simulated for large river basins, accounting for environmental change and an increasing water demand. For the State of Ceará in semiarid Northeast Brazil, with several thousands of reservoirs, a simple deterministic water balance model is presented. Within a cascade-type approach, the reservoirs are grouped into six classes according to storage capacity, rules for flow routing between reservoirs of different size are defined, and water withdrawal and return flow due to human water use is accounted for. While large uncertainties in model applications exist, particularly in terms of reservoir operation rules, model validation against observed reservoir storage volumes shows that the approach is a reasonable simplification to assess surface water availability in large river basins. The results demonstrate the large impact of reservoir storage on downstream flow and stress the need for a coupled simulation of runoff generation, network redistribution and water use.     

Revision of Cenomanian regular echinoids in collections at the Cairo Geological Museum,Egypt

Cenomanian rocks of Egypt are rich in moderately to well-preserved echinoids. From the large Cretaceous echinoid collection at the Cairo Geological Museum, a total of 27 regular species, in 12 genera, eight families, six orders and two subclasses, are revised and systematically described from these strata as exposed at several localities in Egypt. One new family (Pedinopsidae), one new subfamily (Lorioliinae), one new genus (Alternocidaris) and two new species of Goniopygus, G. subaequalis (Gebel Ekma) and G. macrotuberculatus (Gebel El Minsherah), are erected. Additionally, two species of Diplopodia, D. micropyga Fourtau, 1921 and D. halperti Fourtau, 1921, are transferred to the genus Pedinopsis.     

东北地区水稻冷害气候风险度和经济脆弱度及其分区研究

应用历年气象、水稻产量资料和冷害指标,分析东北地区水稻低温冷害发生的温度条件、气候频率和风险概率,建立了水稻冷害气候风险度模式,将东北地区分成高、偏高、中等、较低和低风险5级水稻冷害气候风险度区.在气候风险性分析的基础上,考虑各地水稻冷害减产率、总产量和面积比例等经济损失因素,建立水稻生产对低温冷害反应的经济脆弱度模式...     

东北地区域发展的非均衡性与空间极化研究

基于对空间极化概念界定的基础上,首先从要素流的视角构建区域发展衡量指标--城镇集聚能力,并从整体上评价1995-2008年东北三省区域发展演变格局;其次利用差异指数和极化指数,从不同集聚层次对东北三省区域发展非均衡性和极化程度进行测度.研究发现:①从区域发展衡量指标的动态演变格局来看:1995-2008年间东北三省区域...     

中国东北地区降雪的不均匀性特征分析(英文)

Based on 1961–2005 observed winter precipitation data in Northeast China, the temporal and spatial variations of snow concentration degree (SCD) and snow concentration period (SCP), together with the circulation characteristics when there is a higher SCD, are computed and analyzed. Results show that SCD in Northeast China presents a yearly rising tendency and SCP decreases obviously. In terms of decadal variation, there is a 12-year periodic variation in PCP, and since the mid-1970s there has been an 8-year short periodic variation. As to spatial variation, SCD in winter of Northeast China has increased gradually from the eastern part to the western, and the minimum value of SCD occurs in the east of Jilin Province, while the high value center is observed in the central part of the province. For the whole Northeast China, the variation tendencies are consistent in the eastern and central parts, where SCD presents a rising tendency and SCP shows a decreasing tendency. SCD in the southwestern and northern parts has a slight rising tendency, with SCD in the southwestern part having the slightest increasing tendency, and SCP in the northern part showing the slightest decreasing tendency. When a high SCD value is observed, the whole region is controlled by the East Asian deep trough at 500 hPa, and the trough becomes deeper in the western part, while a high pressure, which is easily formed and intensified in the eastern part, makes the East Asian deep trough move eastward slowly. Upper-level jet stream and low-level jet stream co-exist, and the former is stronger and takes more of a southwestward position than the latter. The high value zone of water vapor transport over the Pacific is intensified obviously, and the extent also increases. Northeast China is influenced by the water vapor transported to the northwest along the north of the high value center.     

东北地区ML≥4.0地震震源机制特征分析

搜集2008年1月-2010年5月东北地区ML≥4.0地震波形资料,利用邻省多台P波初动资料,采用P波初动解计算方法,求解2008年1月-2010年5月东北地区ML≥4.0地震的震源机制解.结合前期工作成果,研究东北地区应力场方向的总体特征和主压、主张应力轴方向的变化,分析P轴走向随时间的变化与东北地区中强地震发生可能...     

门限自回归建模在东北地区未来地震趋势研究中的应用

叙述门限自回归模型建模的基本原理及步骤,利用东北地区年最大震级序列数据建立门限自同归模型SETAR(2,4,3),并依此对东北地区未来可能发生的最大地震进行预测.结果表明,该模型预测精度较高,其研究结论对东北地区未来地震活动趋势预测具有参考意义.     

越南东北部静足 (Tinh Túc) 钨锡矿区花岗岩 年代学、地球化学与区域构造意义

越南东北部高平地区静足 (Tinh Túc) 钨锡矿床分布在银山-静足成矿带上,属于中国西南-越东北花岗岩相关的钨锡成矿带的一部分。花岗岩的锆石SIMS U-Pb测年结果为93.9±3.0Ma,地球化学分析结果显示出过铝质S型花岗岩的特点,高硅 (SiO₂含量73.5%~74.6%),铝过饱和 (Al₂O₃含量14.21%~14.88%),高碱 (Na₂O+K₂O为6.64%~8.47%)、富钾贫钠 (K₂O/Na₂O>1),同时富集Rb、Th、U、Zr、Hf,亏损Ba、Nb、Sr、Ti、Eu,轻稀土相对富集,呈现明显的负Eu异常。同位素研究表明,样品的⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr初始比值为0.749±0.027,ε_Nd(t) 为-10.71~-10.42。本文依据派洼花岗岩的地球化学特征,结合花岗岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、同位素分析结果,认为派洼花岗岩为燕山期后造山环境中形成的高度分异岩浆结晶的结果。通过与华南西南部矿床相关岩体比较,将静足派洼岩体归入个旧-大厂花岗岩带。并通过与缅甸境内腾冲-毛淡棉花岗岩带岩体特征对比并结合构造环境判别,提出个旧-大厂花岗岩带的形成可能受到太平洋构造域和特提斯构造域的双重影响,但以后者为主。     

20世纪70年代以来东北三省湿地动态变化

以1976年MSS、2001年ETM和2007年CBERS为数据源,利用人机交互目视解译和野外检验方法获取湿地数据,在GIS技术的支持下,利用动态度、转移矩阵、景观格局指数和质心迁移模型,揭示了东北三省湿地景观的时空变化特征。结果表明:30年来东北三省天然湿地大量减少,趋于复杂化;人工湿地快速增加,趋于大规模规则化;大量沼泽湿地转化为人工养殖种植景观;尽管近期在降水增多及采取湿地保护措施下使天然湿地略有增加,但海岸湿地退化趋势仍较明显。