Developmental energetics of the southern pigfish (Teleostei: Congiopodidae)

The embryonic wet weight, dry weight, yolk volume, energy content, and oxygen consumption of the southern pigfish Congiopodus leucopaecilus (Richardson, 1846) were followed from fertilisation to yolk sac absorption, at 11.5°c and salinity of 34.5%6. Measurements of yolk energy and catabolic energy changes did not show any evidence of an energy deficit before the onset of feeding capability.     

信息量直接计算法在甘肃－宁夏－青海地区前兆标志体系研究中的应用

本文提出了异常前兆信息量的直接计算法，实现了各种观测资料前兆异常的无量纲前兆信息量转换。用该方法对甘、宁、青地区５种观测手段共９２个测项的５日均值一阶差分相关异常进行了前兆信息量计算。通过２４次５级以上相关地震的回顾性分析研究，求得了９２个测项的有效单位异常平均信息量，为前兆标志体系的进一步研究打下了良好的基础。又通过７次７级以上相关地震前兆信息量变化特征的统计，给出了一组预报地震三要素参考指标。     

中国主要自然致灾因子的区域分异

依据１０２种自然致灾因子分布图，以县域为统计单元，建立了全国自然致灾因子数据库。在此基础上，绘制出中国自然致灾因子多度、相对强度、被灾指数图，进而分析了它们的区域分异，为进行中国自然灾害区划提供依据。     

基于雷击分类体系的雷电电位差效应分析

鉴于雷击分类目前缺乏完整的体系,根据雷击危害方式对雷击进行了综合研究,将间接雷击分为两大类,由此提出了"雷电电位差效应"。对雷电反击、雷电地电位上升、雷电旁侧闪络等效应进行了阐述,并单独对接触电压和跨步电压进行分析。介绍了雷电电位差效应的防护方法,对安全距离做了说明。研究了雷电电位差效应与人身伤害的关系。分析表明:雷电电位差效应主要包括雷电反击、雷电地电位上升、雷电旁侧闪络以及与人身伤害有关的接触电压和跨步电压;雷电电位差效应的防护方法主要包括躲避、等电位连接和保持足够的安全距离。     

我国地质勘查行业全要素生产率测算分解实证研究北大核心CSCD

研究地质勘查行业发展战略时应充分考虑技术进步对行业发展的贡献。本文以2010~2020年全国31省(区、市)非油气地质勘查单位的投入产出数据为样本,基于DEA-Malmquist指数法测算了我国地质勘查行业近十年的全要素生产率(TFP)变化,结合技术进步率(TP)、技术效率(EC)、纯技术效率(PC)和规模效率(SC)等分解项得出:我国地质勘查行业近十年平均全要素生产率指数偏低,其主要原因是技术进步率较低,因为技术进步率与我国地质勘查行业的发展水平关系密切。各地区地质勘查行业发展不平衡,西部地区地质勘查行业的TFP指数普遍高于东部地区和中部地区,但大量的资产和劳动力投入仍在东部地区,导致市场资源配置的扭曲,是我国地质勘查行业TFP指数整体偏低的重要原因。     

Pathlines of pollutant migration in groundwater of the Visakhapatnam urban area,India

The groundwater regime in the north‐western part of the Visakhapatnam urban area was polluted as early as 1981 by discharge of untreated industrial effluent from a Hindustan Polymers Limited (HPL) plant. A total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration of surficial effluent up to 6500 mg/l and of groundwater in the range 3000–4200 mg/l has been reported in the environs of the HPL plant during May 1992. Groundwater occurs under water table conditions. The groundwater flow model was simulated as a single layer aquifer, using MODFLOW and FLOWPATH computer models. Aquifer parameters were estimated and the value of effective porosity assumed. The water table configuration was mapped in May 1981 using 33 observation wells. The calibrated hydraulic head distribution was used to compute the velocity field using the effective porosity values. The flow paths of groundwater migration from the source locations up to 2002 AD were predicted. Pathlines of particles in the groundwater indicated a predominant north‐east and south‐west migration of groundwater pollution in the area. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Denitrification potential of marsh soils in two natural saline-alkaline wetlands

Little information is available on denitrification potential of marsh soils in natural saline-alkaline wetlands. The denitrification potentials of an open wetland in the floodplain(Erbaifangzi wetland) and a closed wetland(Fulaowenpao wetland) in backwater areas in Jilin Province of Northeast China were monitored by an anaerobic incubation at 30℃ for 25 days. Our results showed that the relative denitrification index(RDI) increased gradually with incubation time, and showed a rapid increase in the first 5 days of incubation. The RDI values declined quickly from surface soils to subsurface soils and then kept a small change in deeper soils along soil profiles over the incubation time. Denitrification proceeded much faster in the top 20 cm soils of open wetland than in the closed wetland, whereas no significant differences in RDI values were observed in deeper soils between both wetlands. The RDIs were significantly negatively correlated with bulk density and sand content, while a significantly positive correlation with clay content, soil organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorous. The maximum net NO–3-N loss through denitrification in 1 m depth were higher in the open wetland than the closed wetland with higher soil pH values. Future research should be focused on understanding the influencing mechanisms of soil alkalinity.     

福建仙游震群重定位及序列特征分析

使用福建东南沿海地壳速度结构模型,利用双差定位方法(hypodd),对2010年8月—2013年12月福建仙游地区震群序列进行重新定位,讨论仙游震群序列的变化特征。定位结果显示,仙游震群序列主要围绕金钟水库蓄水区周缘活动,震源位置和深度表现出一定时空阶段性分布特征,并具有一定水库地震性质。     

用湿位涡定义的印度夏季风指数及其与中国气候的关系

印度季风区是世界上季风现象最显著的地区,伴随着夏季风爆发和撤退,季风区的大气风场和湿度场都存在明显的季节转换,这种季节转换可以作为区分夏季风与冬季风的一个很好的标准.以往的季风指数大多只考虑了季风区的动力场或热力场的演变特征.在综合考虑了印度季风的热力和动力特征的基础上,利用湿位涡定义了一个新的印度夏季风指数.湿位涡是一个动力学和热力学的综合量,它既反映了风场的涡旋状况又反映了大气的垂直稳定度.研究表明:该指数可以很好地反映季风区大气热力场和动力场的季节演变特征.用湿位涡定义的印度夏季风指数不仅稳定而且可以较好地反映夏季风爆发时间、季风强度及季风的活跃与中断等多种特征.与以往的环流指数相比,湿位涡季风指数描述季风爆发时间的能力有较明显的改进.此外,该指数还可以很好地反映印度夏季降水的年际演变特征.初步的相关分析表明:印度夏季风爆发时间与中国西北及华北地区夏季降水呈负相关,与次年长江中下游以南地区夏季气温也存在显著的负相关.此外,印度夏季风平均强度与前期华南地区春季降水也有密切关系.