基于水环境改善的城市湖泊群河湖连通方案研究

河湖水系连通作为水资源调配、水生态修复与改善的重要手段,已成为江河湖泊治理工作的重点之一。河湖水系连通方案的选择和连通效应的评估直接关系到连通工程对湖泊水动力和水环境的改善效果,但目前缺乏对水系连通后河湖水动力和水质的综合评估体系。以汤逊湖湖泊群为研究对象,构建二维水动力水质数学模型,选取NH₃-N、TN和TP作为水质指标,模拟不同连通方案下汤逊湖湖泊群的流场及水质变化情况,结合水动力、水质和经济社会三个方面的评价指标建立综合评价体系,对各连通方案下湖泊群的改善效果进行评估。研究结果表明：引水后湖泊水体流动性有了很大的改善,河湖连通工程能够在短时间内达到改善湖泊水质的目的,但随着引水时间的增长,改善率逐渐减小。通过对比五种连通方案发现,方案五对水动力和水质的改善都取得了最显著的效果,且能够带来最大的引水效益。     

宁芜盆地白象山矿区人工神经网络 三维成矿定位预测研究

本文基于三维地质环境,综合白象山矿区积累的地质资料和物探成果,首先开展三维地质建模工作,详细刻画了白象山矿区的三维地质结构;在三维地质模型基础上,利用三维空间分析手段对三维控矿因素进行定量挖掘,提取了多种三维控矿因素;最后采用人工神经网络方法进行三维成矿定位预测。预测结果显示,人工神经网络三维成矿定位预测能很好的定位出已知矿体,同时显示,在已知矿体北部及东部的深边部具有较高的成矿概率,可作为开展进一步找矿勘探的靶区。因此,人工神经网络三维成矿定位预测对于白象山矿区的应用是有效的,可服务于新老矿区的深边部三维成矿定位预测,同时可为隐伏矿、盲矿的成矿预测和优选靶区提供定量、定位新的方法和途径。     

Synergies and tradeoffs in how managers,scientists, and fishers value coral reef ecosystem services

Managing ecosystems in a changing environment faces the challenge of balancing diverse competing perspectives on which ecosystem services – nature's benefits – to prioritize. Consequently, we measured and compared how different stakeholders (managers, scientists and fishers) prioritize specific coral reef ecosystem services. Managers’ priorities were more aligned with scientists’ priorities but all stakeholder groups agreed that fishery, education, and habitat were high priorities. However, stakeholder groups differed in the extent to which they prioritized certain services. Fishers tended to assigned greater estimates to fishery and education, managers to culture, and scientists to coastal protection. Furthermore, using network analysis to map the interactions between stakeholders’ priorities, we found distinct synergies and trade-offs in how ecosystem services were prioritized, representing areas of agreement and conflict. In the fishers’ network, trade-offs emerged between two services, both of a higher priority, such as fishery and habitat. Conversely, in the scientists’ network, trade-offs emerged between services of a higher and lower priority, such as habitat and culture. The trade-offs and synergies that emerged in the managers’ network overlap with both fishers’ and scientists’ suggesting a potential brokering role that managers can play in balancing both priorities and conflicts. We suggest that measuring ecosystem service priorities can highlight key areas of agreement and conflict, both within and across stakeholder groups, to be addressed when communicating and prioritizing decisions.     

基于小波变换和GRNN神经网络的黑河出山径流模型

对黑河山区流域月降水量和气温做Harr小波变换,并作为GRNN神经网络的输入,对黑河出山径流进行模拟和预测验证,效果较好。应用全球变化成果,在不同的气候情景下,对黑河出山径流进行预测。结果表明,黑河出山径流在未来一段时间内,径流量会有一定程度的增加,最终会减少。但模型对气温反应不敏感。去除气温重构的细节系数后,气温也成为一个敏感因素,但径流量却随气温的增加而增加。可推断,引进Haar小波变换的GRNN神经网络模型可应用于径流量对气温不敏感的流域。     

The role of social networks in natural resource governance: What relational patterns make a difference?

Resent research has identified the existence of social networks as a common and important denominator in cases where different stakeholders have come together to effectively deal with natural resource problems and dilemmas. It has even been shown that social networks can be more important than the existence of formal institutions for effective enforcement and compliance with environmental regulations. However, all social networks are not created equal. On the contrary, the structural pattern of relations (i.e. the topology) of a social network can have significant impact on how actors actually behave. This clearly has implications for actors’ abilities to manage environmental challenges. This review aims to add more precision to initial insights and pending hypotheses about the positive impacts of social networks on governance processes and outcomes, by reviewing and synthesizing empirically based literature explicitly studying structural characteristics of social networks in natural resource governance settings. It is shown that significant differences in governance processes and outcomes can be expected among networks experiencing structural differences in terms of density of relations, degree of cohesiveness, subgroup interconnectivity, and degree of network centralization. Furthermore, the review shows that none of these structural characteristics present a monotonically increasing positive effect on processes of importance for resource governance, and that favoring one characteristic likely occurs at the expense of another. Thus, assessing the most favorable level and mix of different network characteristics, where most of the positive governance effects are obtained while undesired effects are minimized, presents a key research and governance challenge.     

云南建水锰矿地质环境破坏评价及其修复技术

矿山开采对矿区地质环境造成严重的破坏.以建水锰矿地质环境修复为例,引入香根草生物修复技术,形成根系网络,提高矿区植被覆盖率,有效改良了土壤,水土保持效果显著.     

遥感、GIS结合与区域天然滑坡调查

以香港大屿山岛中部为试验研究区，探讨了遥感与GIS结合在区域滑坡调查中应用的可能性。在详细分析滑坡与环境因子关系后，将岩土类型、地貌、侵蚀、坡度等环境因子引入到影像中，与影像组成多源复合图像，可使地物的空间属性信息得到补充。同时采用适合高维复合数据的BP神经元网络对研究区天然滑坡进行识别，结果表明，区域滑坡的识别能力有较大提高。该方法的应用，将为大区域滑坡调查与监测奠定基础。     

基于网络的空间信息表达研究

本文结合我国目前“数字省区”空间信息共享建设对于空间信息网络表达的需求,深入分析了空间信息共享系统中多种空间信息的网络表达问题,以及实现共享空间信息网络表达所需要解决的3个基本问题。研究了基于XML的空间信息网络表达实现技术。该研究对于空间信息共享系统中实现空间信息网络分布式表达和系统共享空间信息的潜在价值有重要意义。最后通过“数字省(区)”建设的实践,实现了该研究成果的应用系统。     

新疆石河子农区土壤含盐量定量反演及其空间格局分析

盐渍化严重威胁着土地持续耕作和粮食生产安全,土壤含盐量的快速反演和及时监测,对新疆石河子农区农业可持续发展有着重大意义。以Landsat-8 OLI遥感影像与野外采样测定的72个样点土壤含盐量为数据基础,引入土壤亮度指数、土壤湿度指数、土壤盐盖度指数和土壤辐射水平指数等构建的特征遥感指数定量反演新疆石河子农垦区土壤含盐量,并对其空间布局进行了分析。研究表明：① 利用遥感影像像元特征遥感指数值反演地面对应土壤含盐量的精度较好,反演方法可行,反演精度为66%;② 反演得到土壤含盐量空间分布图在空间上等级明显,层次分明,呈现出“一带一区”的格局,“一带”是玛纳斯流域形成的盐渍化程度较高的条带,“一区”是内在土质形成的严重盐渍化区域;③ 在新疆石河子农区中,35.40%的棉田适合耕作,64.60%的棉田耕地需要进行改良,农区土壤盐渍化治理仍十分紧迫。