滹沱河上游水系变迁问题的讨论

本文着重讨论了滹沱河上游水系变迁的三个争议较大的问题。研究表明：（１）阳武河袭夺问题是不存在的，其干、支流分别沿ＮＷ和ＮＥ两组性质不同的构造发育而成；（２）奇村宽谷在更新世期间曾长期作为滹沱河汊道与界河铺峡谷并存，后因西部山地河流的超补偿堆积而最终断流。（３）滹沱河是一条先成河，自上新世末形成以来，其总的流路并未改变。石岭关风口早于盆地而形成，可能是一条更古老的河流所造成。     

Seismicity in subduction zones from local and regional network observations

The data provided by local and regional seismograph networks are essential for the solution of many problems of subduction-zone seismology. The capabilities of such networks are limited by the instrumentation currently in common use and the unfavorable source-station geometry often imposed by the regional geography. Nevertheless, important contributions have come from the data gathered in many of the earth's subduction zones. The accuracy of hypocenter locations based on regional data is affected by the complex velocity structures characteristic of subduction zones, but the problems are now well-understood. Examples of numerous studies of the spatial configurations of the seismicity in subduction zones and consequent interpretations of seismogenesis and subduction processes are reviewed. Studies of the distributions of earthquakes in time and with magnitude, for events down to the microearthquake level, have the potential for clarifying the earthquake-generating processes and, possibly, a basis for earthquake prediction. Other uses of local and regional network data have been for investigations of coda-Q and the identification of asperities in subduction zones.     

新疆旅游资源新评价与开发新方略

新疆幅员广阔,深居内陆,自然复杂,人文多样,是中国旅游资源特丰区。通过组织跨部门,多学科的专家按照《中国旅游资源普查规范》(试行稿)实地考察,对新疆旅游资源的丰度、类型、功能、地域结构给出了新评价,确认它是中国旅游业发展的重要资源后备基地。从新疆地处欧亚大陆腹心,毗邻八国的特殊区位,以及世界旅游重心东移,中国旅游资源开发向内陆推进的多维多元化出发,提出了树立超前意识以市场为导向,深层次,高品位,多元化开发新疆旅游资源的新方略。即确立发展大旅游业的战略观念构建“引爆工程”、“转动效应”的特种旅游、专题旅游和常规旅游项目,完善旅游管理体制,发展以航空运输为主体的综合运输网络,强化旅游软硬件设施,建设能满足不同层次需求、富有特色功能、具有国际意义的国家级旅游地域新网络系统。     

人工神经网络方法在地震预报中的初步应用

以陕西地区的地震为例，探讨了人工神经网络方法在地震预报中的应用。预报因子采用Ｋｅｉｌｉｓ－Ｂｏｒｏｋ提出的地震流函数。结果表明，人工神经网络方法能够较好地学习复杂的预报因子和预报对象的关系，模拟地震预报问题，预报效果也较好，有广阔的应用前景。     

前苏联铁路网的形成、发展和布局

前苏联是世界上铁路运输利用率最高的国家。本文从其铁路发展的背景条件出发，分析了铁路成为前苏联最主要运输方式的原因，并进一步探讨了前苏联铁路网的建设、发展和分布特点，对我国正在进行的大规模铁路建设有一定借鉴意义。     

基于网络的空间信息表达研究

本文结合我国目前“数字省区”空间信息共享建设对于空间信息网络表达的需求,深入分析了空间信息共享系统中多种空间信息的网络表达问题,以及实现共享空间信息网络表达所需要解决的3个基本问题。研究了基于XML的空间信息网络表达实现技术。该研究对于空间信息共享系统中实现空间信息网络分布式表达和系统共享空间信息的潜在价值有重要意义。最后通过“数字省(区)”建设的实践,实现了该研究成果的应用系统。     

气象信息网络管理和维护

介绍了在气象信息网络管理、网络安全和网络维护等方面积累的一些经验、方法和技巧。     

关于网外地震的定位问题--利用福建区域数字地震台网资料测定台湾地震震源位置

针对地壳内部的网外地震震源的定位问题，由震相组合成不同的方程组，利用均值寻查定位法迭代求解。在选取地球物理参数模型时，考虑了台湾地震部门定位时所用的模型和华南地区地震走时表等。利用福建数字地震台网记录到的绕射波Pn、Sn的到时资料，通过定位程序测定了134个位于台湾区域的壳内地震的震源位置。测定结果与台湾地震部门在其网址上公布的结果进行比对．平均震中位詈相差9km．震源深度相差8km．     

网型结构对GPS定位精度的影响

GPS观测实践证明GPS的网型结构对GPS定位精度具有显著的影响,为了弄清网型结构与GPS定位精度间的关系,在鲁西北平原建立了高精度的专用实验网,专用实验网的三维坐标借助精密电子全站仪和精密水准仪获得.在专用试验网上,通过不同的组网形式,对GPS定位精度进行了对比试验,初步摸清了网型结构对GPS定位精度的影响规律.     

On accuracy and reliability of instantaneous network RTK as a function of network geometry, station separation, and data processing strategy

The network-based approach to kinematic GPS positioning significantly increases the distance, over which carrier-phase ambiguity resolution can be performed. This can be achieved either by introducing geometric conditions based on the fixed reference locations, and/or through the use of reference network data to estimate the corrections to GPS observations that can be broadcast to the users. The Multi Purpose GPS Processing Software (MPGPS) developed at The Ohio State University uses the multiple reference station approach for wide area and regional differential kinematic GPS positioning. The primary processing algorithm uses the weighted free-net (WFN) approach with the distance-dependent weighting scheme to derive optimal estimates of the user coordinates and realistic accuracy measures. The WFN approach, combined with the single epoch (instantaneous) ambiguity resolution algorithm is presented here as one approach to real-time kinematic (RTK) GPS. Since for baselines exceeding ~100 km, the instantaneous ambiguity resolution may not always be possible due to the increasing observation noise and insufficient number of observations to verify the integer selection, an alternative approach, based on a single- (or multiple-) baseline solution, supported by a double-difference (DD) ionospheric delay propagated from the previous epoch is also presented. In this approach, some data accumulation, supported by the network-derived atmospheric corrections, is required at the beginning of the rover data processing to obtain the integer ambiguities; after this initialization period, the processing switches to the instantaneous RTK positioning mode. This paper presents a discussion on the effects of the network geometry, station separation and the data reduction technique on the final quality and reliability of the rover positioning solution. A 24-h data set of August 31, 2003, collected by the Ohio Continuously Operating Reference Station (CORS) network was processed by both techniques under different network geometry and reference station separation. Various solutions, such as (1) single-baseline solution for varying base-rover separation, (2) multi-baseline solution with medium-range base separation (over 100 km), and (3) multi-baseline solution with long-range base separation (up to 377 km), were obtained and compared for accuracy and consistency. The horizontal positioning accuracy achieved in these tests, expressed as the difference between the estimated coordinates and the known rover coordinates, is at the sub-decimeter level for the first approach, and at the centimeter-level for the second method, for baselines over 100 km. In the vertical coordinate, decimeter- and sub-decimeter levels were achieved for the two approaches, respectively. Even though all the results presented here were obtained in post-processing, both algorithms are suitable for real-time applications.