A field study of the coupled effects of aquifer stratification,fluid density,and groundwater fluctuations on dispersivity assessments

A number of experimental studies have tackled the issue of solute transport parameter assessments either in the laboratory or in the field. But yet, the behavior of a plume in the field under density driven forces, is not well known due to possible development of instabilities. Some field tracer tests on the fate of plumes denser than native groundwater such as those encountered under waste disposal facilities, have pointed out the processes of sinking and splitting at the early stage of migration. The process of dispersion was widely investigated, but the range of dispersivity values obtained from either experimental tests, or numerical and theoretical calculations is still very large, even for the same type of aquifers. These discrepancies were considered to be essentially caused by soil heterogeneities and scale effects. In the meantime, studies on the influence of sinking and fingering have remained more scarce. The objective of the work is to analyze how transport parameters such as dispersivities can be affected by unstable conditions, which lead to plume sinking and fingering. A series of tracer tests were carried out to study under natural conditions, the transport of a dense chloride solution injected in a shallow two-layered aquifer. Two types of experiments were performed: in the first type, source injection was such that the plume could travel downward from one layer to the other of higher pore velocity, and in the second one, the migration took place only in the faster layer. The results suggest some new insights in the processes occurring at the early stages of a dense plume migration moving in a stratified aquifer under groundwater fluctuations, which can be summarized through the following points: (i) Above a stability criterion threshold, a fingering process and a multi modal plume transport take place, but local dispersivities can be cautiously derived, using breakthrough curves matching. (ii) When water table is subject to some cycling or rising, the plume can be significantly distorted in the transverse direction, leading to unusual values of the ratio between longitudinal and transverse dispersivities. (iii) Under stable conditions, for example in the case of straightforward injection in the faster aquifer layer, longitudinal dispersivity is greater than the transverse component as usually encountered, and the obtained transport parameters are closed to macro dispersivity values, which reach their asymptotic limit at very short distances. (iv) The classical scale effect about the varying dispersivity at short distances could be a process mainly due to the distance required for a plume stabilization.     

西部矿业矿产资源原始数据库研究与系统开发

合理组织和应用多源地学数据,开发适用于矿山企业实现矿产资源管理可视化、网络化、智能化、体系化的数据库系统,对于开展矿山企业生产和科研管理等都具有重大的现实意义。文章较全面地考虑到矿业数据库系统开发的各个方面,以深入细致的研究,探讨矿产资源数据库系统原始数据库的设计及建立方法。     

完善我国现行矿产资源法的理论分析

文章对我国现行矿产资源法立法的历史继承性、时代特征、宪法依据等进行了理论分析,剖析了其立法上的有关局限性,尤其是在综合专家、学者观点的基础上,对矿业权之权利属性进行了一定的归纳分析,为完善我国现行矿产资源法的构想进行了理论上的探讨。     

湖南盈洞铜-银矿床地质特征及找矿方法探讨

盈洞铜-银矿是上世纪80年代中期发现并开发的一个小而富的矿床，现仍具备较大的矿产资源量和开采价值，通过对该矿床地质特征及成矿规律的分析，以及对该区找矿勘查历史的回顾，认为在勘查过程中，必须要将地表找矿与深部验证相结合，充分发挥其老窿的探矿作用，找矿才能取得突破的效果。     

Preliminary study on assessment of nutrient transport in the Taihu Basin based on SWAT modeling

With the Taihu Basin as a study area, using the spatially distributed and mechanism-based SWAT model, preliminary simulations of nutrient transport in the Taihu Basin during the period of 1995-2002 has been carried out. The topography, soil, meteorology and land use with industrial point pollution discharge, the loss of agricultural fertilizers, urban sewerage, and livestock drainages were all considered in the boundary conditions of the simulations. The model was calibrated and validated against water quality monitoring data from 2001 to 2002. The results show that the annual total productions of nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) into Lake Taihu are 40000t and 2000t respectively. Nutrient from the Huxi Region is a major resource for Lake Taihu. The non-point source (surface source) pollution is the main form of catchment sources of nutrients into Lake Taihu, occupied TN 53% and TP 56% respectively. TN and TP nutrients from industrial point pollution discharge are 30% and 16%, and sewerage in both forms of point source and non-point source are TN 31 % and TP 47%. Both the loss of agricultural fertilizers and livestock drainages from the catchment should be paid more attention as an important nutrient source. The results also show that SWAT is an effective model for the simulation of temporally and spatially nutrient changes and for the assessment of the trends in a catchment scale.     

生态足迹分析的资源产量法研究

提出以资源生产量作为生态足迹分析中生态容量计算依据的资源产量法。该方法更全面地考虑了林地、可耕地、水域等具有的多重生态生产性功能，扩大了生态容量的内涵，将可再生能源、可回收利用废物等作为生态容量的供给，使生态容量与生态足迹的计算依据更为协调。以湖北省襄樊市2001年的生态容量计算为实例，说明了资源产量法的合理性。     

基于MapX的矿区土地资源管理信息系统的研制

主要研究了矿区土地资源管理信息系统的开发环境、系统总体设计、各功能模块的设计与实现以及系统的简单应用等。该系统采用MapX 4.5和VB 6.0作为开发平台,Access 2003作为后端数据库,并用Matlab 6.5在后端进行数值计算。该系统的建立为矿区土地资源管理工作提供了一个重要手段,提高了矿区土地资源管理工作的效率。     

周、秦、汉、唐时期关中地区自然灾害与粮食安全问题研究

周、秦、汉、唐时期,关中农业较为发达,为多个王朝建都之地。京师之地的粮食问题十分重要,汉代以后屡屡出现粮食紧张局面,其原因除移民、战乱等因素外,自然灾害的影响不容忽视。研究发现,周、秦、汉、唐时期,关中的粮食在秦以前基本自给,两汉、魏晋以后依赖关东趋于明显,隋唐时期关中粮食所需则自产自给和漕运并重。这一演变过程,与关中自然灾害的发生状况有着紧密联系。随着西汉以后生态环境的破坏和人类垦殖活动的日益加剧,关中地区水旱灾害发生频繁,对粮食安全产生了严重影响。期间的中央政府不断采取扩大农业垦殖、提高农业生产技术和漕运等手段,以解决京师用粮。     

铜矿资源进口区域评价与决策优化研究

我国铜矿资源的供给能力有限,而其消费需求又在持续扩张,为此导致进口量在逐年递增。根据近几年的统计,我国进口国外铜矿资源产品具有相对稳定的区域分布。对这些区域的进口环境做了初步的评价,筛选出了最为理想的进口靶区。为了以最少的外汇支出换取到我国所需要进口的铜矿资源,并为贸易决策提供支持依据,作者就其进口决策优化方面做了一些分析。     

陕北奥陶纪米脂—绥德岩盐田米脂姬家峁矿区O_2m_5~6亚段岩盐资源及开采条件评价

在充分分析米脂—绥德岩盐田地质特征的基础上,对位于其中部的米脂姬家峁矿区O2m65亚段盐矿层赋存特征进行了研究,预测了矿区O2m65亚段岩盐资源储量,并对其开采条件进行了评价。