Mushroom production as an alternative for rural development in a forested mountainous area

Wild mushrooms are recognized as important non-wood forest products in mountainous ecosystems, but their real potential for generating rural economies has not been fully evaluated due to the difficulties in obtaining reliable productivity data, minimizing their true potential as contributor to rural economies. Mushroom yield models based on large data series from Pinus forest ecosystems in the region of Catalonia(Spain), combined with data from the Spanish National Forest Inventory allow us to estimate the potential mushroom productivity by forest ecosystems. The results of 24,500 tons/yr of mushrooms of which 16,300 tons are classified as edible and 7,900 tons are commonly marketed demonstrate the importance of mushroom productions in Catalonian pine forests, mostly located in mountainous areas where the development of agricultural activities is limited. Economic mushroom value is estimated at 48 million € for the edible mushroom and 32 million € for those corresponding to marketable yields, confirming the potential of this non-wood forest product. These production results and corresponding economic values provide a basis for the incorporation of wild mushrooms as significant non-wood forest products in the development of forest policies in mountainous areas.     

Estimation on Aesthetic Value of Tourist Landscapes in a Natural Heritage Site： Kanas National Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China

Most world natural heritage sites are designated partly by reason of their prominent aesthetic values in accordance with Article Ⅶ of World Natural Heritage Convention.In this paper, the aesthetic values of Kanas National Nature Reserve, which has potential for such designation, was analyzed quantitatively using scenic beauty estimation(SBE).The landscapes of 19 representative scenic spots in the Kanas National Nature Reserve in summer and autumn were selected as the objects of evaluation.The contributions of different landscape factors to the aesthetic value of the Kanas National Nature Reserve were revealed using a multivariate quantitative model.The main factors affecting the aesthetic value were waterscapes, vegetation, mountains, folk culture and the tourist environment.The t-test and F-test results are extremely significant.According to the results, some suggestions were given for conserving the landscapes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve.     

大运河环境景观与变化分析

基于第一次地理国情普查成果,结合高分辨率遥感影像、遗产保护区划图、遗产要素统计信息,获取、分析了大运河申遗之前(2009年为主)、申遗成功当年(2014年)、申遗成功一年之后(2015年)三个时点的环境景观及变化信息,为大运河调查、评估、规划、管理、监测提供理论和地理信息支撑.通过本研究探索,对地理国情普查成果有效转化应用起到很好的示范作用,并为其他世界文化遗产和不可移动文物监测提供了有效借鉴.     

地理国情辅助决策综合分析专题图:概念框架、设计理念与表达模式

提出了地理国情辅助决策分析专题图的概念框架和设计理念,详细介绍了符合地理国情数据特点及辅助决策分析目标的专题图主题选取、表示方法以及符号和色彩设计。以武汉市为例,编制了相关辅助决策分析专题图。     

1985国家高程基准与全球似大地水准面之间的系统差及其分布规律

将由大地高和正常高导出的几何高程异常与由位系数模型计算得到的物理高程异常进行比较,求出1985国家高程基准与全球似大地水准面之间的系统差,并分析其分布特性.为抵制异常值的影响,引入"抗差等价权".利用分布全国大陆范围的GPS网949个点的GPS/水准数据和地球重力场模型EGM96、DQM99A,求出1985国家高程基准点与WGS84定义的似大地水准面之间有35.7 cm的垂直偏差,1985国家高程基准面的系统差自东向西、自南向北明显增大,给出相应的数学模型.     

Pattern of spatial variability in granulometric and mineralogical characteristics across an ecologically sensitive sub-tropical wetland (Bihar,India)

Floodplain wetlands are dynamic systems undergoing frequent hydro-sedimentological changes. Tropical/subtropical wetlands have even more pronounced climatic and biological influences on the sediment dynamics. In the current study, a protected subtropical wetland in Bihar(India) has been assessed for its sedimentary and mineralogical status. Sediment characteristics and associated granulometric parameters are discussed to highlight the wetland’s hydrogeomorphic character, energy dimension, and th...     

黑龙江省安兴湿地秋季浮游植物群落结构

于2010年10月(秋季)对黑龙江省安兴湿地浮游植物群落组成、丰度及优势种进行分析.共设置9个采样点,经鉴定共有浮游植物146个分类单位,包括128种17变种1变型,隶属于6门8纲12目25科45属,其中绿藻为优势门类,占浮游植物总数的39.7%,裸藻次之,占浮游植物总数的30.8%,硅藻居第三位,占浮游植物总数的21.9%,调查期间浮游植物的总丰度为181.4×106cells/L.优势度分析显示,安兴湿地秋季各采样点的浮游植物优势种都在3个以上,主要优势种有细粒囊裸藻(Trachelomonas granulosa Playf.)、梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana Kütz.)、细粒囊裸藻齿领变种(Trachelomonas granulosa var.crenulatocollis(Szab.)Hub.-Pest.)等.样点聚类和非度量多维标度分析表明,9个采样点浮游植物群落在相似度60%时可分为5组,各样点浮游植物种类在空间组成上相似性低,差异性较大,主要与其生境特点相关.典范对应分析显示优势种类变化与环境条件相一致,主要受温度、pH的影响.此外,在安兴湿地内还鉴定出大量的β-中污带指示种,结合多样性指数分析,本文初步推断安兴湿地水质可能受到了一定的污染.     

IPCC国家温室气体清单指南精细化的主要内容和启示

作为IPCC新一轮气候变化综合评估的组成部分,IPCC国家温室气体清单指南进入了正式的精细化阶段,将在2019年形成最终成果,与现有的《IPCC2006指南》合并使用,为“适用于所有缔约方的”《巴黎协定》的实施奠定基础。精细化工作分为提供新方法、更新已有内容、补充/澄清已有内容等三大类,共有107个“精细化点”,涵盖通用方法论、能源活动、工业过程、农业林业和其他土地利用、废弃物等各个领域和部门。中国共有12名专家参与此次工作。建议中国科研工作者尽快以英文著述的形式发表相关成果,提高中国文献的引用率;鉴于中国已具备根据最新指南要求编制清单的能力,建议未来国家温室气体清单的编制尽可能全面转向《IPCC2006指南》及其增补和精细化内容。     

基于Autonomy的国土资源档案知识挖掘与应用平台研究

本文在分析大数据背景下国土资源信息化面临的挑战及国土资源档案数据现状的基础上,提出基于Autonomy知识与服务架构,重点阐述架构的三个组成部分：数据采集平台、本体构建与分析平台、数据处理平台,介绍了基于Autonomy Idol的应用功能设计实例。探讨海量国土资源档案数据管理与应用的新方式,为国土资源数据档案的管理提供大数据支持的理论基础。     

Temporal replication of the national land cover database using active machine learning

Regional and national level land cover datasets, such as the National Land Cover Database (NLCD) in the United States, have become an important resource in physical and social science research. Updates to the NLCD have been conducted every 5 years since 2001; however, the procedure for producing a new release is labor-intensive and time-consuming, taking 3 or 4 years to complete. Furthermore, in most countries very few, if any, such releases exist, and thus there is high demand for efficient production of land cover data at different points in time. In this paper, an active machine learning framework for temporal updating (or backcasting) of land cover data is proposed and tested for three study sites covered by the NLCD. The approach employs a maximum entropy classifier to extract information from one Landsat image using the NLCD, and then replicate the classification on a Landsat image for the same geographic extent from a different point in time to create land cover data of similar quality. Results show that this framework can effectively replicate the land cover database in the temporal domain with similar levels of overall and within class agreement when compared against high resolution reference land cover datasets. These results demonstrate that the land cover information encapsulated in the NLCD can effectively be extracted using solely Landsat imagery for replication purposes. The algorithm is fully automated and scalable for applications at landscape and regional scales for multiple points in time.