广东花岗岩类温泉水-汽转化过程中氡浓度的变化及其危害

广东省是我国温泉出露最多的省份之一.在温泉附近建立温泉宾馆,是利用温泉资源大力发展本地旅游业的有效途径之一.本文利用新型NR-667A连续测氡仪测量了广东省4处温泉宾馆室内外空气中氡浓度以及室内温泉水氡浓度.温泉水氡浓度变化范围为53.4～292.5 Bq/L,室外氡浓度范围是17～48Bq/m3,而客房内平均氡浓度水平比没有用温泉水时高出10.9%～813%,浴室内氡浓度比没有用温泉水洗浴时高出13.8%～516%.在宾馆室内使用温泉水有较高的氡转换系数.某些宾馆室内氡浓度超标,可能对宾馆工作人员造成潜在健康危害,应采取一些管理措施或技术手段降低其暴露时间或程度.     

Record Arctic Ozone Loss in Spring 2020 is Likely Caused by North Pacific Warm Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

Record ozone loss was observed in the Arctic stratosphere in spring 2020. This study aims to determine what caused the extreme Arctic ozone loss. Observations and simulation results are examined in order to show that the extreme Arctic ozone loss was likely caused by record-high sea surface temperatures(SSTs) in the North Pacific. It is found that the record Arctic ozone loss was associated with the extremely cold and persistent stratospheric polar vortex over February–April, and the extremely cold vortex was a result of anomalously weak planetary wave activity. Further analysis reveals that the weak wave activity can be traced to anomalously warm SSTs in the North Pacific. Both observations and simulations show that warm SST anomalies in the North Pacific could have caused the weakening of wavenumber-1 wave activity, colder Arctic vortex, and lower Arctic ozone. These results suggest that for the present-day level of ozone-depleting substances, severe Arctic ozone loss could form again, as long as certain dynamic conditions are satisfied.     

青海高原干热风的分布特征及其对气候变化的响应

基于青海省56个气象站1961—2010年50年气象资料对干热风的发生日数、空间分布及其变化特征分析表明:青海高原干热风主要分布在柴达木盆地且以小灶火为高发地,其次为东部农业区且以循化为高发地;近50年来干热风日数、强度均呈逐年上升趋势,2001—2010年年平均达到29站次,分别较20世纪60和70年代偏多17和ll站次;近年来平均最高气温的明显升高与相对湿度逐年减小是干热风日数增多的主要原因。     

层状钠长石岩的基本特征及成因分析

钠长石岩分布不太广泛 ,研究程度较低。通过研究 ,本文将钠长石岩分为接触带型、层状型、顺层角砾岩型、脉型及岩体型 5类。其中以层状钠长石岩型分布较广 ,意义较大。层状及与之紧密相伴的顺层角砾状钠长石岩有特定的矿物组合、化学成分及岩石组合 ,层状及角砾状钠长石岩产在一定的地层层位中 ,形成于特殊的沉积环境 ,且有一定的时空分布规律 ,并伴有特殊的 Au,Cu,Pt- Zn- Ag,Ba,Fe,B等矿产。因此笔者认为钠长石岩系特定地质条件下的产物。目前对其成因有岩浆岩、热液交代 +充填、热水沉积等不同认识 ;热水来源也有岩浆水、地下水、变质水等多种观点。本文作者认为层状及角砾状钠长石岩为热水沉积形成的 ,成岩流体属含 Na- Mg- Si- Al± Fe,Ba,B的 HCO3- ,CO32 - 碱性溶液 ,成岩物质来自基底富钠岩石。     

黑龙江四平山金矿深部矿体预测

四平山热泉型金矿床成矿的地质条件和产出的大地构造背景优越,具有非常好的浅成低温热液矿床的成矿环境,其深部存在新矿体的可能性较大。本文对照该类矿床的成矿模式,结合区域地质特征及钻探和物探工程的揭露情况对矿区深部可能存在的矿体位置进行了预测,结果表明矿区148线ZK927孔和ZK914孔之间,有断层通过的电、磁异常套合部位,深度300～500m处可能有新矿体存在。     

吉林春旱期降水潜在影响因子的分离时间尺度分析

基于1960—2012年的地面常规气象指标、大尺度气候指数和NOAA气候分析产品,利用功率谱周期分析、时间尺度分离分析和交叉检验的逐步回归分析等,把吉林省春旱期(4—5月)降水量分离成不同时间尺度的值,并在年代际尺度和年际尺度下分别找到显著相关的影响因子。结果表明:吉林春旱期降水存在着2~4 a的年际变化和10 a左右的年代际变化。在年代际尺度上,4月降水与前期3月南半球环球状态指数以及俄罗斯东部高纬地区的低空经向风有关,5月降水与同期北半球环球状态指数和前期4月太平洋中高纬环流有关;在年际尺度上,4月降水与前期3月混合ENSO指数和同期当地相对湿度、华东华北沿海地区的低层经向风有关,5月降水与同期北大西洋涛动指数以及局地相对湿度、地面气压有关。利用选出的影响因子对降水进行预报,估计值和真实值的相关系数分别为0.67(4月)和0.81(5月),且选择合适的影响因子比模型结构更加重要。     

Satellite and ship observations of Kuroshio warm-core ring 93A off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific, in spring 1997

Synoptic ship and satellite observations were performed of the Kuroshio warm-core ring (KWCR) 93A and its adjacent waters, off Sanriku, northwestern North Pacific, between early April and late June 1997. The temporal and spatial distribution of chlorophylla (Chl-a) and sea surface temperature in the study area were analyzed using data from ADEOS Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner (OCTS) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). The objective of this study was to describe the temporal and spatial variability of the spring bloom and understand its relationship with the changes in the hydrographic structure of these waters in and around KWCR 93A. The maximum value of Chl-a concentration in the ring was less than 1 mg/m³ during April. The spring bloom in the ring occurred early in May and the relatively high maximum (>1.0 mg/m³) continued from early in May to mid-June. In late June, a ship-observed surface Chl-a concentration of less than 0.4 mg/m³ suggests that the spring bloom had already declined in and around KWCR 93A. Double spiral structures of warm and cold streamers appeared from late April to mid-May, which may have an influence on the occurrence of the spring bloom in and around the ring. In this episodic event, the warm streamer can maintain the available potential energy of the ring and the strength of upwelling around the ring. The cold streamer provided water with a high Chl-a concentration to the surface layer of the ring. In order to understand the temporal and spatial variability of Chl-a distribution in the ring, the behavior of the warm and cold streamers needs to be taken into consideration.     

雷诺数对圆形渐缩喷嘴湍流射流的影响

The present study systematically investigates by experiment the influence of Reynolds number (Re) on a turbulent jet issuing from a smoothly-contracting round nozzle. Measurements were performed for seven Reynolds numbers varying from Re = 4,050 to Re = 20,100 using single hot-wire anemometry and over an axial distance of 30 nozzle exit diameters. Although all the exit velocity profiles are of "top-hat" shape, these measurements reveal significant dependence on Re of the exit and downstream flows. The effect of Re on both the mean and turbulent fields is substantial for Re ＜ 10,000 and becomes weak beyond Re = 10,000. The length of the jet’s potential core and the far-field rates of decay and spread all depend significantly on Re.