杏林虾池日本对虾死亡原因的探讨

2000年11月17日至12月2日对杏林虾池水体理化因子进行了跟踪调查，结果表明，11月17日开始发生的日本对虾（Penaeus japonicus Bate)死亡的原因是虾池水体中NH4^ -N含量过高，致使日本对虾生活环境突然发生变化，虾体内部代谢紊乱，导致中毒死亡。     

喀斯特石冠腐殖土及其对NH4+-N的吸附性能——以云南石林为例

石冠腐殖土在喀斯特地区广泛分布,具有维系喀斯特生态系统植物多样性、截留沉降养分和水分等重要的生态功能。本文以云南石林为例,选择典型石漠化生态系统、人工林生态系统和次生林生态系统,实地取集各类小生境的石冠腐殖土样,并进行NH4+-N吸附实验,探究石冠腐殖土对NH4+-N的吸附动力学和等温吸附特征。结果表明:石漠化生态系统、人工林生态系统和次生林生态系统每平方米岩石投影面积的石冠腐殖土分别为40.45±25.38 g、38.89±9.92 g和397.66±142.71 g;石冠腐殖土对NH4+-N的吸附动力学遵循准二级反应动力学方程,2 min内能完成吸附量的65%～75%,吸附平衡时间约为20 min;腐殖土对氨氮的吸附量随加入NH4+-N浓度的升高而增加,吸附等温线符合Boxlucas1模型,依据此模型计算出的石漠化生态系统石冠腐殖土的吸附性能最大,最大吸附量约7.79 g/kg,人工林次之,为5.29 g/kg,次生林的吸附性能最小,吸附量仅为4.73 g/kg,腐殖土对氨氮的截留率为20%～50%。      

粘土矿物中嵌晶态硅酸钴的浸取实验研究

系统地研究了用 Ｎ Ｈ４ Ｈ Ｆ２ 和柠檬酸浸取粘土矿物中嵌晶态硅酸钴的新方法。实验过程中对浸取剂的用量、水浴时间、温度等影响因素进行了正交实验设计,选出了最佳的浸取条件。结果表明,该方法浸取粘土矿物中嵌晶态硅酸钴的浸出率达 ９６０５％ 以上,相对标准偏差为１２２％ 。     

The release behavior of inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment during disturbance

Sediments and surface water were sampled in a tide flat in the Huiquan Bay, Qingdao, China in January 2004 to simulate the exchange of NH4-N/NO3-N/PO4^3- between sediments and surface water. A working system was designed with which samples were shaken at 60, 120 and 150 revolutions per minute （r/min）. Experiment results show that NH4-N concentration in water at shaking rate of 60 r/min decreased gradually, while at 120 r/min increased gradually. In resuspension, fine-grained sediments contributed most NH4-N to the seawater, followed by medium-grained and coarse-grained sediments. The NO3-N concentration in water had a negative relation with the shaking rate; the medium-grained sediments contributed more NO3-N to seawater than the coarse- and fine-grained sediments. The PO4^3- concentration is positively related with the shaking rate, the fine-grained sediments were the main N and P contributor to the seawater, followed by medium- and coarse-grained sediments.     

Evaluation of Jordanian zeolite tuff as a controlled slow-release fertilizer for NH4 +

 The exchange and release properties of the natural phillipsite tuff from the Aritain area in Jordan were evaluated by studying the exchange properties of this natural zeolite in the NH₄ ⁺–Na⁺ system. Exchange isotherms at 18, 35, and 50  °C showed that phillipsite exchanged NH₄ ⁺ preferably over Na⁺ at all temperatures. However, the selectivity coefficient for NH₄ ⁺ decreased with decreasing temperature. The release of NH₄ ⁺ from phillipsite saturated with ammonium sulfate took place in two stages characterized by different SO₄ ^2– : NH₄ ⁺ ratios. Aritain phillipsite from NE Jordan could be processed and used as NH₄ ⁺ slow-release fertilizers. The use of NH₄ ⁺-phillipsite tuff offers an option to the widely used soluble NH₄-fertilizers in agciculture to avoid environmental problems associated with nitrogen contamination of surface water and groundwater. Received: 19 December 1996 · Accepted: 13 May 1997     

含氮污水灌溉实验研究及污染风险分析

在野外实验基地进行的含氮污水灌溉实验工作基础上,分析了污灌过程中氮化合物在土壤及地下水中迁移转化规律.研究结果表明,污灌对下层土壤及地下水中NH₄+浓度影响较小,但对NO₃-浓度影响较大,尤其是长期进行污灌的土壤,易造成地下水中NO₃-污染.利用本文推导的数学模型,可以定量预测污水灌溉后土壤水及地下水中NH₄+、NO₃-浓度的时空变化.采用Monte-Carlo法,进行含氮污水灌溉污染风险分析,结果表明,进入地下水的NO₃--N最大浓度超过污灌水NO₃--N浓度0.76倍的可能性为25%、超过污灌水NO₃--N浓度0.43倍的可能性为75%,污灌造成的地下水NO₃-污染风险必须引起注意.     

用碘化铵活化光谱法连续测定多元素

用碘化铵为活化剂降低探样品中多元素的活化能，使其在氩气氛围中形成稳定、小背景的激发状态，再通过目视谱线强度比较法，连续测定化探样品中Sb、As、Pb、Cu、Bi、Mo、Ag、Zn。该方法可以替代原子荧光、原子吸收和极普3种综合方法，对标样GBW07401和GBW7403的8种元素平等测定4次，相对标准偏差小于2．7％。     

EM对SBR工艺处理生活污水的强化作用

生物强化技术对于改善现有污水处理工艺的效果具有重要作用 。实验研究以生活污水中添加有效微生物群(EM)和单以生活污水两种方式培养活性污泥,然 后分别将其引入SBR反应器,以考察EM对SBR工艺处理生活污水的强化作用。结果表明,在正 常生活污水浓度和最优工艺条件(污水pH6～8,曝气2h,静置沉淀0.5h)下,EM-SBR反应器对 污水CODcr、NH+4-N的平均去除率分别比普通SBR工艺高19.08%和23.17%;且具有较好 的稳定性。此外,EM强化的SBR工艺还具有极强的抗冲击负荷能力,当进水CODcr为2738mg．L-1时,处理3h后,出水CODcr即可达到《污水综合排放标准》的要求,去除率高于96 %,而普通SBR工艺即使处理6h也不能达标。     

沼泽湿地对污水中NH4^＋-N和PO4^3——P净化模拟研究

选取三江平原典型沼泽湿地———毛苔草沼泽,通过人工施加氮肥和磷肥来模拟农田污水排入沼泽湿地后,沼泽植物对污水的净化效果。从植物营养吸收角度进行野外实地污水净化模拟研究,对植物直接吸收利用的营养成分NH 4-N、PO3-4-P进行了测试分析。研究表明毛苔草沼泽对水中的NH 4-N、PO3-4-P的净化随时间的推移呈现明显的指数衰减下降趋势,随着氮、磷含量的增加,沼泽湿地对污水净化逐渐变慢,净化所需时间增长,曲线数值方程模拟效果较好。