汶川8.0级地震前GPS与跨断层资料反映的运动与变形演化特征

为了研究与总结2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震前GPS与跨断层资料反映的龙门山断裂带及其周边地区的运动、构造变形、应变积累演化过程,以及汶川地震临震阶段可能的物理机制,本文综合1999~2007期GPS速度场、1999~2008年大尺度GPS基线时间序列、1985~2008年跨断层短水准等资料进行了相关分析与讨论。结果表明:(1)GPS速度剖面结果显示,宽达500km的川西高原在震前有明显的连续变形,而四川盆地一侧和跨龙门山断裂带基本没有变形趋势,表明震前川西高原在持续不断地为已经处于闭锁状态的龙门山断裂带提供能量积累。(2)GPS应变率结果显示,震前龙门山断裂带中北段的NW侧EW向挤压变形明显,变形幅度从远离断裂带较大到靠近断裂带逐渐减小,而断裂带变形微弱;龙门山断裂带西南段周边形成了显著的EW向挤压应变集中区,应变积累速率明显大于中北段。(3)断层闭锁程度反演结果显示,除了汶川地震的震源位置闭锁相对较弱,且西南段有大概20km宽度断层在12~22.5km深度为蠕滑状态以外,震前整条龙门山断裂基本处于强闭锁状态。(4)大尺度GPS基线结果显示,跨南北地震带区域的NE向基线从2005年开始普遍出现压缩转折,反映NE向地壳缩短的相对运动增强。(5)跨断层短水准场地结果显示,震前年均垂直变化速率和形变累积率很低,表明断层近场垂向活动很弱、闭锁较强。通过以上分析认为,在相对小尺度的地壳变形中,震前龙门山断裂带深浅部均处于强闭锁状态,断裂带水平与垂直变形都很微弱,这可能经历了一个缓慢的过程,而且越是临近地震的发生,微弱变形的范围可能越大;在相对大尺度的地壳变形中,震前龙门山断裂带西侧的巴颜喀拉块体东部地区经历了地壳缓慢且持续的缩短挤压变形,为龙门山断裂带应变积累持续提供了动力支持。     

基于断层活动资料的鄂尔多斯块体周缘未来30年大地震危险性研究

鄂尔多斯块体周缘历史上多次发生大地震,同时该地区人口稠密,城市群集中,有必要分析该地区未来30年的大地震危险性,为该地区的应急备灾工作提供参考.本文利用块体周缘活动断层的滑动速率、历史地震古地震等资料,建立了考虑大地震发生率的时间非平稳性质和大地震危险性近断层分布特征的地震危险性模型.计算了块体周缘未来30年Ⅷ度地震动的超越概率分布图,并同《中国地震动参数区划图》的地震危险性模型进行了比较.本文研究认为,由断层滑动速率估算的断层地震活动性与基于地震目录统计的地震活动性总体差别不大,但断层源的地震危险性在沿断层破裂面地区增大明显.结果认为,鄂尔多斯块体周缘未来30年地震危险性最高的地区在块体西南缘,六盘山东麓断裂和会宁—义岗断裂及周边地区是未来30年地震危险性较高的地区.

     

鄂尔多斯地块周缘大地震间相互作用研究

活动地块作为地质构造单元,其周缘的地震常常较为活跃,并且有时表现出大地震丛集发生的现象.鄂尔多斯地块处于受来自青藏高原NE向的主压应力等多重构造应力作用下的区域构造环境中,地块周缘大地震间相互作用的机制值得研究.本文以鄂尔多斯地块周缘的几次历史地震为例,分别研究了级联断层、地块同侧断层、地块不同侧断层间大地震间应力转移的现象,尝试对地块在其周缘发生大地震时的应力传递和转移行为获得新的认识.得到的结论有：1920年宁夏海原8 1/2级和1927年甘肃古浪8.0级地震分别使六盘山东麓断裂和香山-天景山断裂的大地震期望复发时间提前了800年和20年,六盘山东麓断裂当前的大地震危险性较高.1626年山西灵丘7级地震和1654年甘肃天水南8级地震分别使五台山北麓断裂的大地震复发期望时间提前了50年和279年,鄂尔多斯地块可能将其西南缘受到的部分库仑应力扰动传递到了东缘的五台山北麓断裂.

     

断层面的有限单元模拟方法综述

有限单元法是研究地球科学问题的重要工具之一.本文概述了国内外学者利用以连续介质理论为基础的有限单元法研究地学,特别是地震学、地壳形变学科时,对具有非连续性特点的断层所采用的几大主流处理方法,并阐述了各断层模型基础上(弱化带模型、劈节点模型、接触模型以及块体模型)所展开的地学研究.     

基于择优的块体模型解算南北地震带中南段主要断层滑动速率

In this paper, using the 1999 ~ 2007 GPS velocity field data, and by choosing the optimal block model, we obtained the deformation models applicable to the boundary zones of major blocks and the slip rates of block boundary faults on the mid-southern segment of the North-South Seismic Belt. The results show that： on the Longmenshan fault zone, the tensional and compressive slip rate is small on the Baoxing-Wenchuan segment, about 0. 5 ~ 1.8mm·a^-1, and the rate is relatively significant on the segment of the Wenchuan--Maoxian, as 1.8 ~3.8mm·a^-1; on the Xianshuihe fault belt, there is a certain difference in spatial distribution between the tensional slip rag.e and strike-slip rate： the tensional slip rate （ 8. lmm~a-1） is bigger than the sinistral strike-slip rate （ 4.8mm·a^-1） at the north of the Luhuo region; the tension and compression slip rate is basically the same as the strike-slip rate at Luhuo-Dawu; the Dawu-Kangding section presents a trend of decreased strike-slip rate and increased tensional slip rate; the Kangding-ghimian segment shows a strike-slip nature; the strike-slip rate is significantly greater than the tension/compression rate on the Xiaojiang fault zone; the slip rate on the Red River fault zone shows obvious spatial segmentation, the slip rate is smaller in its northwest part, but with a certain amount of tensional/compression component, 4. 7mm·a^-1 on the Jingdong segment. The segment east of Jingdong （ western Gejiu） is mainly of strike-slip, with a slip rate of 4. 5mm·a^-1.     

Study on Active Faults and Seismogenic Structure for the 1989 Batang M6.2 ～ 6.7 Earthquake Swarm in the Litang-Batang Region of West Sichuan, China

INTRODUCTIONGeological investigations since the1970s have shown that the sub_longitudinal Jinshajiang andHonghe(Red River)fault zones constitutethe western boundary of“Rhombic Sichuan_Yunnan Block”onthe Sichuan_Tibet border and display mainly dextral sh…     

2009年新疆柯坪块体3次5级地震前异常分析

研究2009年柯坪块体3次5级地震前的地震活动和前兆观测结果表明:3次5级地震前,柯坪块体存在5级地震平静的长期异常,4级地震多次平静、增强交替活动的中期异常,小震集中活动的短期异常;地震发生的短临阶段,震中附近的阿合奇地震台地倾斜、乌什地震台水管倾斜仪及地磁、地电和巴楚地应力存在不同程度的短临异常。参考汶川地震,有关专家对地震预报和震前异常的新思考和新认识,结合3次5级地震的类型和错断方式,分析震前小震活动和前兆异常,并对震前地震活动和前兆异常进行了综合分析和探讨。     

Tectonic setting of the Helong Block: Implications for the northern boundary of the eastern North China Craton

The Helong block, located in southeastern Jilin Province, was thought to be an Archean geological unit in the most northeast part of the North China Craton (NCC)[1,2]. Previous geological survey sug-gested that this block is mainly composed of two parts: Jinchengdong Archean metamorphic supracrustal rocks intruded by Archean TTG complex[3―5], and the Bailiping granite[6,7] distributed in the Shiliping-Bai- liping-Guangping area. Both of them were thought as the Jinchengdong (or Helong…     

New constraints on the evolution of the Gibraltar Arc from palaeomagnetic data of the Ceuta and Beni Bousera peridotites (Rif,northern Africa)

The Betic Cordillera and the Moroccan Rif together form one of the smallest and tightest orogenic arcs on Earth and almost completely close the Mediterranean to the west. For the explanation of the geodynamic evolution of the mountain belt, palaeomagnetic data that generally found clockwise block rotations in the Iberian and anticlockwise rotations in the Moroccan part of the mountain belt, have played a key role in recent works. This palaeomagnetic study has found new constraints on the rotations and timing of the peridotitic bodies outcropping in the key position at the westernmost margin of the mountain belt, in Ceuta and Beni Bousera (Rif, northern Africa).Detailed thermal demagnetization of 115 individually oriented samples from 14 sites was combined with rock magnetic and scanning electron microscopic experiments to analyze the magnetic mineralogy responsible for the remanences and the mechanisms and relative times of their acquisition. In Ceuta, up to three magnetic components, and in Beni Bousera, up to two magnetic components have been found, that are all to be interpreted as chemical remanent magnetizations (CRM). The data suggests the following succession of geodynamic events affecting the peridotites until recent times: (1) after their exhumation and subsequent cooling about 20 Ma ago, they recorded a characteristic remanent magnetization of both normal and reversed polarities, carried by (pseudo-)single-domain magnetite grains; (2) after their dismembering, the Ceuta peridotites were tilted southward by 22–34° about a horizontal or tilted axis (up to plunge 50°) with an azimuth of 72–145° and the Beni Bousera peridotites were rotated anticlockwise by 72.3 ± 12.1° about a vertical axis and (3) both recorded another magnetic signal of normal polarity only, carried by multi-domain magnetite grains; and finally (4) the Ceuta peridotites rotated anticlockwise by 19.7 ± 5.9° about a vertical axis.This study provides the first palaeomagnetic data for the Ceuta peridotites that, with their tilt and recent small net rotation, had a distinct geodynamic evolution from the large net rotations about vertical axes in Beni Bousera and Ronda (Betic Cordillera). Moreover, earlier palaemagnetic data for Beni Bousera is improved, as mixed polarities have been found in the older of the remanences for the first time, and its interpretation as a CRM changes the rotation timing that was proposed previously. The sequence of events exposed in this work are important constraints that need to be incorporated in any geodynamic model of the evolution of the Betic–Rifean mountain belt.     

空间大地测量GPS揭示的汾渭盆地及其邻域现今地壳应变场变化特征

利用汾渭盆地及其邻域2001-2007年与2009-2011年高精度GPS监测资料,基于区域构造特点,采用块体运动应变模型结合数理统计假设检验法,建立了区域合理的地壳运动应变模型,基于此定量研究了区域现今地壳应变场及其变化特征,特别是2008年汶川强震对汾渭盆地区域变形特征的作用影响,同时从盆地整体上分析了盆地内多发的地裂缝灾害与区域整体构造变形特征之间的内在关系.研究结果表明:经统计检验判断,选择合理的区域地壳运动应变模型,对获取真实反映区域实际构造变形特性的应变参数具有重要的作用;2008年汶川强震对青藏东边缘地块及渭河盆地西侧局部地区应变场造成一定的影响,但是震后上述区域并没有出现显著的应变积累而是呈现出应变量值较震前减小的特征,分析其原因可能是因为此区域并不是强震造成的库仑应力显著增加区,在震后2009-2011年时间段内处于构造应力场的松弛调整期;汶川强震没有显著改变研究域现今整体的构造变形背景特征,区域地壳构造活动特征仍具有较好的继承性;基于研究域构造块体具有各向同性连续弹性变形的前提,初步推断整个汾渭盆地内多发的地裂缝灾害可能是区域NW-SE向拉张应力场作用下的地表破裂响应.