Thermal history of the Hodgkinson Province and Laura Basin,Queensland: Multiple cooling episodes identified from apatite fission track analysis and vitrinite reflectance data

Apatite fission track analysis and vitrinite reflectance data from outcrop and well samples in the Hodgkinson Province and Laura Basin reveal regional Cretaceous cooling. Apatite fission track analysis appears to define two discrete cooling episodes, in the mid‐Cretaceous (110–100 Ma) and Late Cretaceous (80–70 Ma), although in most samples data allow only definition of a single episode. Rocks now at outcrop cooled from Cretaceous palaeotemperatures generally between 50 and 130°C in the south of the region, and from >100°C in the north. Some samples from the Hodgkinson Province also show evidence for an Early Jurassic cooling episode, characterised by maximum palaeotemperatures varying from at least 95°C (from apatite fission track analysis) to ～200–220°C (from vitrinite reflectance), with cooling beginning at around 200 Ma. Apatite fission track analysis data do not reveal the earlier event in the Laura Basin, but on the basis of vitrinite reflectance data from Permian? units this event is also inferred to have affected the pre‐Jurassic basin units in this region. The regional extent of the Cretaceous cooling episode in the Hodgkinson Province suggests that the elevated palaeotemperatures in this region were most likely due to greater depth of burial, with subsequent cooling due to kilometre‐scale denudation. For a palaeogeothermal gradient of 30°C/km and a palaeosurface temperature of 25°C the total degree of Cretaceous cooling experienced by the samples corresponds to removal of between ～0.8 and >3.0 km of Triassic and younger section removed by denudation, beginning some time between ca 110 and 80 Ma. Higher palaeogradients would require correspondingly lower amounts of removed section. The geology of the Laura Basin suggests that an explanation of the observed Cretaceous palaeotemperatures in this region in terms of deeper burial may be untenable. Heating due to hot fluid flow may be a more realistic mechanism for producing the observed Cretaceous palaeothermal effects in the Laura Basin.     

Response of detrital zircon and monazite,and their U–Pb isotopic systems,to regional metamorphism and host‐rock partial melting,Cooma Complex,southeastern Australia

Progressive Early Silurian low‐pressure greenschist to granulite facies regional metamorphism of Ordovician flysch at Cooma, southeastern Australia, had different effects on detrital zircon and monazite and their U–Pb isotopic systems. Monazite began to dissolve at lower amphibolite facies, virtually disappearing by upper amphibolite facies, above which it began to regrow, becoming most coarsely grained in migmatite leucosome and the anatectic Cooma Granodiorite. Detrital monazite U–Pb ages survived through mid‐amphibolite facies, but not to higher grade. Monazite in the migmatite and granodiorite records only metamorphism and granite genesis at 432.8 ± 3.5 Ma. Detrital zircon was unaffected by metamorphism until the inception of partial melting, when platelets of new zircon precipitated in preferred orientations on the surface of the grains. These amalgamated to wholly enclose the grains in new growth, characterised by the development of {211} crystal faces, in the migmatite and granodiorite. New growth, although maximum in the leucosome, was best dated in the granodiorite at 435.2 ± 6.3 Ma. The combined best estimate for the age of metamorphism and granite genesis is 433.4 ± 3.1 Ma. Detrital zircon U–Pb ages were preserved unmodified throughout metamorphism and magma genesis and indicate derivation of the Cooma Granodiorite from Lower Palaeozoic source rocks with the same protolith as the Ordovician sediments, not Precambrian basement. Cooling of the metamorphic complex was relatively slow (average ～12°C/10⁶y from ～730 to ～170°C), more consistent with the unroofing of a regional thermal high than cooling of an igneous intrusion. The ages of detrital zircon and monazite from the Ordovician flysch (dominantly composite populations 600–500 Ma and 1.2–0.9 Ga old) indicate its derivation from a source remote from the Australian craton.     

Obituary

Geological sections are still best drawn at natural scale. Sections with vertical exaggerations are rarely drawn correctly, and even when computed carefully give a false notion of the structural features. Many schematic sections which are not drawn to scale and are supposed to explain a proposed new tectonic interpretation give such a distorted and frequently absurd picture of the structural features that they cannot be regarded as valid.     

松辽盆地朝长地区扶余油层的构造演化

扶余油层是松辽盆地朝长地区开发的主要目的层段,确定其幕式构造运动期次及其构造变形历史,对于圈闭形成演化、油气成藏分析以及外扩挖潜均具有十分重要的现实意义。通过构造发育史剖面图和古构造图编制,确定朝长地区扶余油层的幕式构造运动期次和构造变形特征。研究表明,朝长地区泉头组扶余油层自沉积开始至嫩江组沉积期为统一的坳陷区,其后经历了嫩江期末、明水期末、古近纪末3个主要的幕式构造运动期次。朝长地区的构造变形总体呈现东强西弱、南强北弱的特点。嫩江晚期至期末在朝长地区东南部形成构造雏形;明水期末形成构造幅度较高的长春岭背斜带和低幅度的朝阳沟阶地;古近纪末长春岭背斜带定型,发育长春岭、三站和五站背斜,而定型的朝阳沟阶地由朝阳沟背斜、翻身屯背斜等组成。     

塔里木盆地中部辉绿岩脉LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

塔里木盆地塔中地区地震资料显示,寒武系、奥陶系、二叠系中发育大量辉绿岩岩脉,在塔中隆起断裂带附近采集了侵入到志留系与奥陶系中的辉绿岩脉样品(中1井、中16井岩心)。用LA-ICP-MS测定技术,测定了其中锆石的U-Pb年龄和微量元素。锆石U-Pb年龄显示,这些辉绿岩岩脉形成于早二叠世(273~296Ma);测得的700~930Ma(新元古代)、396~544Ma(古生代)年龄显示,盆地早期有构造岩浆活动;121.0±8.5Ma(早白垩世)锆石存在,显示其形成与盆地内部同期热液活动有关。     

内蒙古扎鲁特地区鲁D2井林西组烃源岩 有机地球化学特征

烃源岩生烃潜力的定量评价是研究盆地油气勘探潜力的重要手段.采用有机质丰度、类型、成熟度和沉积环境指标定量或定性评价了鲁D2井暗色泥岩的生烃潜力.有机碳定量评价表明,林西组泥岩为中等有机质丰度烃源岩.依据Pr/nC17、Ph/nC18散点图揭示林西组有机质类型以Ⅱ1型为主;伽玛蜡烷指数指示有机质形成于半咸水、还原环境,有利于有机质的保存.伊利石结晶度分析表明,烃源岩演化进入过成熟阶段.结果表明,扎鲁特盆地林西组泥岩为中等丰度、Ⅱ型干酪根、过成熟烃源岩,具有良好的页岩气勘探前景.     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组砂岩储层孔隙成因类型及其控制因素

陇东地区延长组砂岩储层属于典型的低孔低渗储层,分析孔隙成因类型及其控制因素,对于寻找相对高孔渗储层具有重要指导意义。通过大量孔隙铸体薄片鉴定认为,陇东地区延长组砂岩发育原生与次生两大类孔隙类型,其中原生孔隙包括压实剩余原生粒间孔和胶结剩余原生粒间孔;次生孔隙包括粒间杂基及胶结物溶孔、长石和岩屑粒内溶孔及铸模孔、粒间高岭石绿泥石胶结物晶间孔;另外还存在少量构造成因的微裂缝。现今孔隙多为部分原生与部分次生组成的混合孔隙。孔隙成因类型受沉积条件和成岩作用双重因素控制,沉积条件决定了砂岩沉积时的水动力条件,从而决定了砂岩的岩石学特征和原生粒间孔的发育程度,压实作用决定了压实剩余粒间孔的大小与多少,胶结作用决定了胶结剩余粒间孔的多少,溶蚀作用控制了各种溶蚀孔隙的类型及发育程度,如粒间杂基和碳酸盐胶结物溶孔、长石及岩屑粒缘与粒内溶蚀孔隙的发育程度。原生孔隙在长8、长9、长4+5粒度较粗的层段中较明显,次生孔隙在长6、长7粒度细层段和顶部不整合面附近的长1-3中占的比例较多。系统运用大量薄片和物性资料首次明确指出陇东地区延长组砂岩储层孔隙为混合成因,且次生孔隙特征明显,原生孔隙由于压实和胶结作用大量损失。     

鄂尔多斯盆地南梁西区长6油层组砂岩低孔 超低渗储层特征及主控因素

南梁西区位于鄂尔多斯盆地陕北斜坡的西南部.长6油层组作为其主要的勘探目标层位,在研究区东北部发育三角洲前缘亚相、南部发育深湖浊流亚相.砂岩储层主要由长石砂岩及岩屑长石砂岩组成.研究区砂岩中胶结物类型有方解石、伊利石、绿泥石和硅质胶结物,使得砂岩孔隙物性降低.通过对储层孔渗参数的研究,得出长6油层组主要为低孔超低渗储层.根据毛细管压力曲线的形态认为,研究区目的层的孔喉结构为Ⅱ类,孔喉分选中等偏差,并提出成岩作用是影响其储集性能的主要因素.     

塔里木盆地下奥陶统蓬莱坝组白云岩成因及储层主控因素分析——以巴楚大班塔格剖面为例

寒武系-下奥陶统白云岩是塔里木盆地非常重要的勘探接替领域,但由于白云岩埋藏深度大,勘探和研究程度低,目前的认识程度无法满足勘探的需求,尤其是白云岩储层成因和分布的认识。本文以巴楚地区大班塔格剖面蓬莱组白云岩的精细解剖为例,测制解剖剖面9条,采集样品195块,系统的开展了岩石薄片、物性及地球化学特征分析,取得了两个方面的新的认识。1)是塔里木盆地蓬莱坝组发育粉晶、细晶、中晶和粗晶四种白云岩,主要形成于早-中埋藏期与海源流体有关的白云石化作用中,局部受到热液改造,其晶粒大小与原岩结构的粗细及孔隙空间的大小有关,原岩结构粗,形成的白云石晶粒就粗,原岩孔隙空间大,白云石晶粒就大。2)是白云岩储层的分布具成层性和旋回性,孔隙发育段总体位于向上变浅旋回的顶部,与高频旋回的暴露面有关,其载体以细-粗晶白云岩为主,孔隙主体来自原岩孔隙的继承和再调整,少量来自埋藏(热液)溶蚀作用,而并不是传统观点所认为的白云石化作用建造孔隙,这一认识对塔里木盆地深层白云岩有效储层预测具重要的指导意义。     

柴达木盆地西部新生界陆相湖盆碳酸盐岩沉积环境与沉积模式*

利用野外露头、岩心、测井录井和分析化验资料,对柴达木盆地西部(简称“柴西地区”)新生界干柴沟组湖相碳酸盐岩进行了研究,划分了其沉积微相类型,研究了其分布规律,分析其形成环境和控制因素,并建立了相应沉积模式。该区湖相碳酸盐岩在垂向上与碎屑岩频繁互层,湖相碳酸盐岩包括颗粒灰岩、藻灰岩、泥晶灰岩和混积岩4大类11种,划分出了灰泥坪、颗粒滩、藻丘(礁)、浅湖湾以及(半)深湖泥灰岩相等5种沉积微相。通过分析不同碳酸盐岩及其微相时空展布特征,认为其发育主要受控于湖盆构造运动、湖平面变化、陆源碎屑注入、古气候与古水介质条件、古地貌与古水深环境,并在此基础上建立了柴西湖相碳酸盐岩的沉积模式。研究认为柴达木盆地西部干柴沟组沉积时期,湖盆为典型咸化湖盆,构造活动相对稳定,湖平面上升达到峰值。碳酸盐岩主要发育在湖侵期,高频湖平面变化形成了碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩频繁互层。在枯水期,盆地坡折处发育碎屑岩滩坝或三角洲前缘沉积;在湖侵期,盆地坡折处发育了鲕粒滩及藻灰岩,盆地洼陷区发育泥灰岩或灰质泥岩。