基于多个极化通道的SAR影像道路探测

提出了一种从SAR影像的多个极化通道探测道路的新方法。首先，介绍了用边缘探测器构造道路探测器的方法； 然后，将多参数统计假设检验的方法应用到全极化影像的信息融合中，并将该方法提取的结果与传统Tupin法提取的结果进行了比较。实验表明，该方法对全极化SAR影像道路边缘的提取效果较好，具有一定的适用性。     

Multi range spectral feature fitting for hyperspectral imagery in extracting oilseed rape planting area

Spectral feature fitting (SFF) is a commonly used strategy for hyperspectral imagery analysis to discriminate ground targets. Compared to other image analysis techniques, SFF does not secure higher accuracy in extracting image information in all circumstances. Multi range spectral feature fitting (MRSFF) from ENVI software allows user to focus on those interesting spectral features to yield better performance. Thus spectral wavelength ranges and their corresponding weights must be determined. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the performance of MRSFF in oilseed rape planting area extraction. A practical method for defining the weighted values, the variance coefficient weight method, was proposed to set up criterion. Oilseed rape field canopy spectra from the whole growth stage were collected prior to investigating its phenological varieties; oilseed rape endmember spectra were extracted from the Hyperion image as identifying samples to be used in analyzing the oilseed rape field. Wavelength range divisions were determined by the difference between field-measured spectra and image spectra, and image spectral variance coefficient weights for each wavelength range were calculated corresponding to field-measured spectra from the closest date. By using MRSFF, wavelength ranges were classified to characterize the target's spectral features without compromising spectral profile's entirety. The analysis was substantially successful in extracting oilseed rape planting areas (RMSE ≤ 0.06), and the RMSE histogram indicated a superior result compared to a conventional SFF. Accuracy assessment was based on the mapping result compared with spectral angle mapping (SAM) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The MRSFF yielded a robust, convincible result and, therefore, may further the use of hyperspectral imagery in precision agriculture.     

基于多尺度、多图幅地理空间基础的输电信息系统的研究与实践

正确、及时、全面地获取输电网络的各种资源信息,并加以提炼、分析,实现输电管理部门间的协同工作和信息共享,为管理者和决策者提供辅助决策依据,从而保障输电网络安全、高效地运行,提高企业的综合经济效益,降低电网运行维护中的损耗[1]。本文提出了采用C/S+B/S两种开发模式相结合的混合体系结构作为系统的总体解决方案。以ESR I公司的ArcG IS系列产品作为基础的GIS开发系统,以.NET的核心语言C#作为系统的最终开发语言。同时,功能强大的数据库软件Oracle和空间数据库引擎ArcSDE为系统统一协调、并发处理以及共享分布各种信息提供了可靠的保障。该系统具有界面友好、方便实用、安全稳定、兼容性强、伸缩性强和可扩展性强等优点。该系统已推广和应用到部分地市,具有极其广阔的推广应用前景。     

利用L_2空间正交分解方法提取遥感数据中的地质信息——以九江-瑞昌地区为例

目前,国际上流行的商业化遥感处理软件信息提取算法不能满足研究多波段遥感数据中的地质弱信息的需要,如主成分变换将不同的波段数据分解为互不相关的几个因子轴,但是各因子轴的物理解释比较困难。本文采用Ｌ２空间克莱姆－斯密特正交分解方法构造正交因子轴,新因子轴的建立基于矢量表示的投影定理。利用该种算法开发的程序处理多波段遥感数据,彩色合成的图象色彩平稳,图象中同类地物细节得到显示,物理意义明晰,采用该方法处理九江－瑞昌金铜矿带取得了较好的结果。     

地下水开采及建筑物荷载综合作用诱发的地面沉降对建设工程的影响评价研究

地面沉降是一种典型的环境地质现象, 它严重影响了社会经济的发展, 阻碍了城镇化进程。本文基于山东省淄博市境内的黄金国际重点建设工程, 为评价此工程受地面沉降的影响程度, 以拟建工程区及外围0.6km2区域内40余米厚的第四系松散地层为研究对象, 根据地层的工程地质特性, 逐一划定压缩层, 并且基于一维固结理论及岩土压缩系统方法, 分别计算受水源地开采影响及在不同地面荷载情况下, 工程建设区的地面沉降量, 并对其发展趋势作了合理的预测。研究结果表明, 水源地开采及建筑物荷载综合作用诱发的地面沉降对工程建设的影响程度有限。该项工作, 一方面为该工程建设提供决策依据, 另一方面, 为受类似地面沉降问题影响的工程建设提供参考。此外, 针对山东省淄博市境内地下水开采及建筑物荷载综合作用下的地面沉降研究, 以指导其规划和建设, 有益于科学、快速、可持续发展。     

GIS,multi‐criteria and multi‐factor spatial analysis for the probability assessment of the existence of illegal landfills

This work deals with the identification of potentially contaminated areas using remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS) and multi‐criteria spatial analysis. The identification of unknown illegal landfills is a crucial environmental problem in all developed and developing countries, where a large number of illegal waste deposits exist as a result of fast, and relatively unregulated, industrial growth over the past century. The criteria used to perform the spatial analysis are here selected by considering the characteristics which are ‘desirable’ for an illegal waste disposal site, chiefly related to the existence of roads for easy access and to a low population density which facilitates unnoticed dumping of illegal waste materials. A large dataset describing known legal and illegal landfills and the context of their location (population, road network, etc.) was used to perform a spatial statistical analysis to select factors and criteria allowing for the identification of the known waste deposits. The final result is a map describing the likelihood of an illegal waste deposit to be located at any arbitrary location. Such a probability map is then used together with remote sensing techniques to narrow down the set of possibly contaminated sites (Silvestri and Omri, 2008 Silvestri, S. and Omri, M. 2008. A method for the remote sensing identification of uncontrolled landfills: formulation and validation.. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 29(4): 975–989. [Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]), which are candidates for further analyses and field investigations. The importance of the integration of GIS and remote sensing is highlighted and represents a key instrument for environmental management and for the spatially‐distributed characterization of possible uncontrolled landfill sites.     

The advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER): Data products for the high spatial resolution imager on NASA’s Terra platform

Landsat 8 Oli, ASTER, and Sentinel 2A satellite images processing was used to map geological formations, lineaments and hydrothermal alteration minerals in the Aouli inlier, as a case study to illustrate the application of digital images processing and Geographic Information System (GIS) in geological mapping and mining prospecting. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) applied to the Landsat images allowed good lithological discrimination and contributed to the updating of available geological maps. The Automatic lineament extraction from Sentinel images revealed the main tectonic structures affecting Aouli inlier. The ratio bands (b5+b7)/b6 and the false color composite (b4/b6, b2/b1, b3/b2) allowed the hydrothermal alteration minerals mapping from Aster images. Combined with available geological data and field observations, the satellite derived data were integrated and analyzed in a GIS software to establish mining prospecting guides. The results showed that the anomaly zones are intimately linked to NNE–SSW and NW–SE oriented faults and to highly fractured areas developing argillic and Fe rich alterations. Verified via field survey, this approach was successfully applied to the Aouli inlier to rapidly target potential areas to be explored in the tactical phase. This provides a model for future prospecting efforts for similar mineral deposits in other areas.     

A Geocomputational Heuristic for Coverage Maximization in Service Facility Siting

Siting service facilities in order to maximize regional coverage is important when budget resources are limited. Various approaches exist for addressing this particular planning problem for discrete or continuous representations of potential facility sites and demand to be served. In cases where both candidate facility sites and service demand are continuous, approaches for maximizing regional coverage have only examined the siting of a single facility. In this article, a geocomputational approach is proposed for addressing multiple facility siting when demand is continuously distributed and facilities may be located anywhere in the region. Emergency warning siren location is used to highlight the developed approach.     

ECS-DBMS中的更新传播技术及其测试与分析

在标准的Client/Server结果中,数据库处理由Server来承担,Client运行用户接口程度,直接和用户交互,并向Seerver发送数据库请求,而在增强型Client/Server结构的DBMS（简写为ECS－DBMS）中,充分利用了可以利用的Client资料,包括长久存储器,对于数据库中经常使用数据,客户机可以将这些数据拷贝并存储到自己久存储器,对于数据库中经常使用数据,客户机可以将这些数据拷贝并存储到自己的磁盘中,以免下次使用这些数据时再去访问Server,另外,客户机的磁盘中,还可以存储该客户自己的专用数据,这样便可以提高系统的性能,由于公共数据都存放在Server中,数据一致性的维护也由Server来承担,当Server中出现更新时,Server要将更新的内容传递给需要该更新的Clients,以替换客户机磁盘中的旧数据,针对ECS－DBMS,介绍并提出几种Server更新传播策略,并通过计算机模拟试验分析这些策略的性能。     

多元信息综合分析在丹凤三角地区铀矿远景预测中的应用

丹凤三角地区是东秦岭的主要铀成矿带之一,目前已发现伟晶岩型和热液型铀矿多处,通过开展航磁、重力、TM影像、地面伽玛能谱、地质等多元信息综合处理及分析研究,初步总结出与伟晶岩型铀矿有关的加里东期重熔混合花岗岩的空间展布,以及伟晶岩型铀矿的多元信息组合模式,并指出铀矿远景区。