不同方案求解非线性化学动力学方程组的比较

在一个简化的气相化学模式的基础上，比较了Ｈｙｂｒｉｄ、ＱＳＳＡ、Ｓｋｌａｒｅｗ三种计算方案求解非线性化学动力学方程组的差异，并引入误差分配和线性组合两种质量守恒技术，分析它们对模拟结果的影响．研究结果表明：不同方案对有机烃类浓度的计算几乎没有影响，但对其它气态物浓度有一定的影响．用ＱＳＳＡ和Ｓｌａｒｅｗ方案预测的结果更为相近，而采用Ｈｙｂｒｉｄ方案得到的气态物浓度的平衡时间略为提前．从计算效率来看，ＱＳＳＡ方案优于其它两种方案，两种质量守恒技术均能改善模拟结果．     

用地面伽玛能谱资料估计地层(体)的含铀性和资源量

本文论述用地面伽玛能谱资料估计地层(体)含铀性和资源量方法,并提出富铀富集体、铀源富集体、尤其富铀源富集体是最有利于成矿的结论。     

激光热透镜光谱法测定地质样品中微量钼的研究

作者对激光热透镜光谱法测定微量钼进行了研究．试验表明，在丙酮介质中，Ｍｏ６＋能被还原成Ｍｏ５＋并形成钼蓝同多酸，最大吸收彼长在６７０ｕｍ处，利用Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光器输出的６３２．８ｕｍ的激光作光源，进行微量钼的热透镜法分析测定．两酮的存在能增强热透镜信号强度。钼含量在０．０１—２．０μｇ／ｍＬ范围内与激光热透镜信号强度呈良好的线性关系，方法检出限为０．００５μｇ／ｍＬ钼，已用于地质样品中微量钼的高灵敏度测定．结果满意．     

The transformation and export of phosphorus from Wetlands

There is widespread acceptance of the phosphorus retention capability of wetlands even though research findings are often inconclusive and contradictory. The results of a one year phosphorus budget study indicate that internal wetland processes may transform sediment bound phosphorus to plant available orthophosphorus. While total phosphorus imports were nearly double the total phosphorus exports for the study wetland, orthophosphorus exports were 22 per cent greater than imports. This study supports the recent finding that wetlands have limited capability to retain orthophosphorus and indicates that wetlands may even increase the export of orthophosphorus. The generally accepted nutrient retention function of wetlands and their possible role in eutrophication is thus questionable.     

Meso-scale testing and development of test procedures to maintain mass balance

The Conrad Blucher Institute for Surveying and Science (Texas A&M University––Corpus Christi) has conducted numerous petroleum experiments at the Shoreline Environmental Research Facility (Corpus Christi, Texas, USA). The meso-scale facility has multiple wave tanks, permitting some control in experimental design of the investigations, but allowing for real-world conditions. This paper outlines the evolution of a materials balance approach in conducting petroleum experiments at the facility. The first attempt at a materials balance was during a 1998 study on the fate/effects of dispersant use on crude oil. Both water column and beach sediment samples were collected. For the materials balance, the defined environmental compartments for oil accumulation were sediments, water column, and the water surface, while the discharge from the tanks was presumed to be the primary sink. The “lessons learned” included a need to quantify oil adhesion to the tank surfaces. This was resolved by adhering strips of the polymer tank lining to the tank sides that could be later removed and extracted for oil. Also, a protocol was needed to quantify any floating oil on the water surface. A water surface (oil slick) quantification protocol was developed, involving the use of solid-phase extraction disks. This protocol was first tested during a shoreline cleaner experiment, and later refined in subsequent dispersant effectiveness studies. The effectiveness tests were designed to simulate shallow embayments which created the need for additional adjustments in the tanks. Since dispersant efficacy is largely affected by hydrodynamics, it was necessary to scale the hydrodynamic conditions of the tanks to those expected in our prototype system (Corpus Christi Bay, Texas). The use of a scaled model permits the experiment to be reproduced and/or evaluated under different conditions. To minimize wave reflection in the tank, a parabolic wave dissipater was built. In terms of materials balance, this design reduced available surface area as a sink for oil adsorption.     

X射线荧光光谱分析检出限问题的探讨与建议

对有关X射线荧光光谱分析低含量元素的检出限问题进行了多方面的探讨。从检出限的定义及其定义下的相对标准偏差到各种不同测量、校准与校正方法的检出限及其相对应的相对标准偏差进行计算。提出了以定义检出限的相对标准偏差为基准,对各种测量方法计算出的检出限进行重新界定,从而确认一个具有可比性的、精度一致的检出限。同时还讨论了仪器与X光管固有杂质元素谱线对该元素检出限的影响;测量仪器、测量条件与测量时间对检出限的影响;不同岩性试样对检出限的影响;检出限与测定限等问题。     

Analyses of trace elements on quartz surfaces in sulfidic mine tailings from Kristineberg (Sweden) a few years after remediation

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has been applied to determine the elemental composition of the surface layer, as well as of the first interior layer, of quartz grains from the mine tailings from Kristineberg (northern Sweden) in order to determine concentration gradients between these two layers. The quartz grains were collected from the oxidized and unoxidized zones within the tailings. The aim of this study is to assess the role of quartz surfaces as sites for the attenuation of solutes from the mine-tailings porewater. Concentrations of Cu, Ag, Sb, Pb and Bi are highest near the surface of each grain and decrease towards the interior. The surface concentration of Cu, Zn and Pb is more pronounced within the unoxidized than within the oxidized zone of the tailings. Cu exhibits a distinct concentration peak at the surface of the quartz grains below the pre-remediation oxidation front. For Zn and Ce the trend of high surface concentration is less pronounced than for Cu or Pb. Silver, Bi and As are preferably adsorbed within the uppermost layers of the oxidized zone where the pH is as high as 6.2. The conversion of intensity signals of the elements to concentration values in ppm was done by using external standards (NIST silicate glass).     

Characteristics and formation causes of Qingdao Cold Water Mass

In this work,the main characteristics of the Qingdao Cold Water Mass were studied by using“the comparison analysis method”based on 1980 temperature,salinity and dissolved oxygen data on the western South Yellow Sea.The formation cause of the water mass was analyzed based on February of 1959 temperature and salinity data for this area and on some other authors’studies.The results showed that the Qingdao Cold Water Mass has growing and vanishing processes：appears in the last ten days of March;has stable pattern in April;is biggest in its area in May;becomes small in its area in June;vanishes in July.It comes from the northem Shandong Coastal Water and is characterized by low temperature and salinity and high disolved oxygen.The mass is formed under the joint effects of anticyclonic circulation and solar radiation.     

高精度热电离质谱(TIMS)铀系法洞穴沉积物(石笋)年龄的研究

用高精度热电离质谱技术测定石笋的年龄,初步建立了热电离质谱铀系年龄的方法。 4个样品的测定结果复现性较好,铀含量、同位素比值及年龄值与标准值吻合,数据的精度大大提高,显示了质谱铀系年龄方法具有样品量少、时间短、精度高的优点。     

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定键合用硅铝丝中硅铁铜

采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定硅铝丝（Al—1％Si）中Si及杂质元素Fe和Cu。确定了最少取样量和样品溶解方法，优化了元素分析谱线和仪器的测量条件。实验表明，方法的加标回收率为99％～1叭％，相对标准偏差（n=6）低于1．4％，Si、Fe、Cu的检出限分别为8．5、1．0和0．4μg／L。该方法应用于快速测定键合硅铝丝中的各种元素，结果满意。