A Review of: “Applications of Spatial Data Structures: Computer Graphics,Image Processing,and GIS”. By H. SAMET. (Addison-Wesley Publishing Company,Inc, 1989.) [Pp. xv + 507; figures,tables, appendix,references, name and credit index,subject index.] Price US $49.95. ISBN 020150300 X (hardback).

The introduction of automated generalisation procedures in map production systems requires that generalisation systems are capable of processing large amounts of map data in acceptable time and that cartographic quality is similar to traditional map products. With respect to these requirements, we examine two complementary approaches that should improve generalisation systems currently in use by national topographic mapping agencies. Our focus is particularly on self‐evaluating systems, taking as an example those systems that build on the multi‐agent paradigm. The first approach aims to improve the cartographic quality by utilising cartographic expert knowledge relating to spatial context. More specifically, we introduce expert rules for the selection of generalisation operations based on a classification of buildings into five urban structure types, including inner city, urban, suburban, rural, and industrial and commercial areas. The second approach aims to utilise machine learning techniques to extract heuristics that allow us to reduce the search space and hence the time in which a good cartographical solution is reached. Both approaches are tested individually and in combination for the generalisation of buildings from map scale 1:5000 to the target map scale of 1:25 000. Our experiments show improvements in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. We provide evidence that both approaches complement each other and that a combination of expert and machine learnt rules give better results than the individual approaches. Both approaches are sufficiently general to be applicable to other forms of self‐evaluating, constraint‐based systems than multi‐agent systems, and to other feature classes than buildings. Problems have been identified resulting from difficulties to formalise cartographic quality by means of constraints for the control of the generalisation process.     

QuickBird影像制作数字正射影像图生产工艺的探讨

讨论利用QuickBird影像制作数字正射影像图的具体方法和步骤,阐述在实际作业过程中可能遇到的问题以及解决的方法。最后对利用卫星影像制作数字正射影像图的优势和不足进行分析。     

1：1万道路专题图实测道路数据的关系矛盾纠正

利用1：1万精度的道路实测数据和1：5万精度的老地形图制作1：1万的道路专题图,由于两者精度不同,存在一定的关系矛盾,需要对数据进行关系矛盾纠正处理,本文采用基于实测道路数据的局部纠正算法进行处理,取得了良好的效果。     

Envelope generation and simplification of polylines using Delaunay triangulation

As a basic and significant operator in map generalization, polyline simplification needs to work across scales. Perkal’s ε-circle rolling approach, in which a circle with diameter ε is rolled on both sides of the polyline so that the small bend features can be detected and removed, is considered as one of the few scale-driven solutions. However, the envelope computation, which is a key part of this method, has been difficult to implement. Here, we present a computational method that implements Perkal’s proposal. To simulate the effects of a rolling circle, Delaunay triangulation is used to detect bend features and further to construct the envelope structure around a polyline. Then, different connection methods within the enveloping area are provided to output the abstracted result, and a strategy to determine the best connection method is explored. Experiments with real land-use polygon data are implemented, and comparison with other algorithms is discussed. In addition to the scale-specificity inherited from Perkal’s proposal, the results show that the proposed algorithm can preserve the main shape of the polyline and meet the area-maintaining constraint during large-scale change. This algorithm is also free from self-intersection.     

基于Delphi的MapInfo地图集成

本文在详细介绍了OLE自动化技术的基础上，论述了利用该技术和可视化开发工具——Delphi编程，实现与MapInfo的地图集成。将Delphi强大的数据库编程能力和MapInfo的图形表达能力有机结合，实现了MapInfo的集成二次开发。分析了在何种情形下进行MapInfo的消息回调，并探讨了如何实现MapInfo消息的回调。     

移动地图理论基础研究

移动地图主要指可以随用户移动的电子地图。本文首先从广义和狭义两方面介绍了移动地图的定义,认为移动地图具有易读、实时和交互性等特点。移动环境下,地图信息在制图者与用图者之间的传输是双向且不断循环的,体现了空间信息加工者和使用者之间的交互,这种交互有利于空间信息加工者和使用者对空间信息的认知达成一致,提高地图信息传输的效率,同时也反映了空间信息由静态的地图表现,发展到动态信息服务的演化过程。在空间信息传输过程中,用户一方面接收信息加工者发送的空间信息,另一方面接收客观环境刺激、并对获得的信息进行选择、分类等加工方式获得客观环境的空间信息,并综合分析和比较这两种空间信息,获得对客观世界的认识。在此过程中,需要在大脑中对地理信息空间进行旋转,该旋转时间的长短与现实生活中实际旋转一个物体所费时间的长短相应,旋转角度越大,则历时越长。人们的习惯用语中的空间术语不仅影响人们对空间关系的知觉和记忆,还会影响人们对空间关系的推理,因为不同的空间参考框架有不同的逻辑特征。最后总结了开展移动地图理论基础研究的重要意义。     

新地震区划图潜在震源区划分的主要技术特色

简要介绍了新地震区划图潜在震源区划分方案的形成过程,重点分析了潜在震源区三级划分、东西部地区潜在震源区划分技术途径的差异、不同级别活动块体边界带对高震级潜在震源区划分的控制作用、发震构造模型及其在潜在震源区划分中的应用等主要技术特色.共划分出29个地震带、77个地震构造区和1199个潜在震源区.与中国地震动参数区划图(2001)中综合方案相比,东西部地区潜在震源区的个数都有较大的增加,其中东部地区体现在震级上限6.0、6.5和7.0级的中强潜在震源区个数的明显增加,与划分工作中加强了该地区中强地震发震构造的判识研究相关;而西部地区体现在震级上限7.5和8.0级的高震级潜在震源区个数的大幅度增加,与划分工作中注重了活动块体边界带高震级潜在震源区划分,以及强调应用发震构造模型指导潜在震源区划分的技术特色相协调.     

地图模式信息的获取

着重讨论了图像扫描仪和地图模式信息的获取，并针对胶片地图扫描受光衍射的影响，提出了一种新的动态阈值算法，修改扫描程序。最后，对地图模式信息获取子系统加以讨论。     

用VB在AutoCAD中绘制地形图程序开发

介绍了在Visual Basic Language(VB)程序设计语言基础上启动AutoCAD绘制地形图的方法,编写了使用VB通过全站仪导出数据在AutoCAD中绘图的绘图程序。     

城市规划机助设计系统(CPCAD)的研究

城市总体规划是城市建设和改造的重要基础之一,用计算机进行辅助规划是当前规划技术的发展方向。本文着重讨论底图数字化、对话窗、多边形拓扑等关键问题。