气候变化和人类活动对鄱阳湖流域赣江径流影响的定量分析

气候变化和人类活动对流域径流影响的定量研究是当前研究的热点,赣江作为鄱阳湖流域最大的子流域,径流变化对鄱阳湖湿地水生态系统具有重要的影响.利用Mann-Kendall突变检验分析了赣江流域径流1955—2010年间演变趋势,再分别应用统计方法和IHACRES集总式模型分析气候要素和人类活动对径流的影响.研究表明IHACRES能够较好地模拟赣江流域径流,适用于中亚热带湿润季风气候区.Mann-Kendall突变检验表明赣江流域径流在1979年发生突变,可划分为1955—1979年和1980—2010年两个时段.降水是影响赣江流域径流年际变化的主要因素,而土地利用等人类活动的影响并不明显.水库建设显著影响赣江径流的季节分配,1980—2010年间人类活动影响更加显著,其中45%的年份秋季径流增加50%以上,26%的年份秋季径流增加超过100%,其中1989年的秋季径流增加幅度达到320%.     

基于改进U-Net的CMIP5全球气候模式降尺度方法及其在鄱阳湖流域的应用

利用降尺度方法对CMIP5全球气候模式进行空间降尺度并以此研究鄱阳湖流域未来气候时空变化趋势,能够为流域生态环境保护提供数据、技术和理论上的支持.通过简化原始网络结构,在网络首部添加插值层,采用反卷积算法作为上采样算法对传统U-Net网络进行改进,建立基于深度学习的气候模式空间降尺度模型(DLDM).以1965-200...     

华南暴雨的气候特征及变化

利用华南110个测站1961—2008年逐日降水资料,采用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall检验、小波分析、计算趋势系数等统计诊断方法,分析了华南年和前、后汛期的暴雨日数、强度、贡献率等的气候特征及变化。结果表明,近48年来,华南年平均暴雨日数的地理分布总体上呈由沿海向内陆递减的趋势,最多中心在广西东兴（14.9d）,最少中心在广西隆林（3.2 d）。华南的暴雨72%发生在汛期,其中前汛期占45%,后汛期占27%。华南平均年和前、后汛期暴雨日数呈微弱上升趋势,但不明显。年和前、后汛期暴雨日数具有明显的年际、年代际变化特征。华南平均年和前汛期的暴雨强度有微弱增加趋势,特别是2005年以来升幅明显,而后汛期暴雨强度有不明显减少趋势。华南年暴雨贡献率增加明显,而前、后汛期暴雨贡献率增加并不明显。小波分析表明：2000年以来,华南年、前、后汛期暴雨日数具有2～3 a和3～4 a准周期振荡。     

河源地区气温变化特征及其与ENSO的关系

利用河源地区5个气象站1960—2016年的逐月平均气温、NOAA逐月海温等资料,采用线性倾向、Mann-Kendall检验等统计方法,分析了河源地区气温变化特征及其对ENSO事件的响应。结果表明:河源地区年平均气温及季平均气温均呈递增趋势,且夏、秋、冬季和年平均气温气温上升趋势显著;河源地区气温在20世纪80年代中后期—90年代末发生1次较为明显的由冷到暖的突变;年平均气温存在5~6、14~15及24 a的周期变化规律;在El Ni1o事件中,河源地区年平均气温有偏高趋势,La Ni1o事件,则反之;ENSO事件对气温的影响存在滞后性,对河源地区的气温影响最明显表现在次年。     

近58a来玉树站气温变化特征

根据青海省玉树站近58 a（1951~2008年）的逐月气温资料,利用线性回归、小波分析、M ann-Kendall法和S/R分析等方法,分析了该站春、夏、秋、冬季及年平均气温的变化特征,结果表明：1）近58 a来玉树站各季节和年平均气温均经历了先降后升的阶段,整体呈现出上升趋势,其中春季气温上升最快的阶段出现在20世纪80到90年代,其它季节和年平均气温出现在20世纪末到21世纪初;2）各季及年平均气温普遍具有准5 a的年际振荡;3）各季和年平均气温突变普遍发生在上世纪90年代;4）根据S/R分析得出,未来一段时期玉树站气温依旧保持增暖趋势,尤其在秋、冬季的增温显著。     

Multi-decadal variations in annual maximum peak flows in semi-arid and temperate regions of Chile

Abstract

In determining the possible influence of climate change, it is important to understand the temporal and spatial variability in streamflow response for diverse climate zones. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the presence of changes in annual maximum peak flow for two climate zones in Chile over the past few decades. A general analysis, a flood frequency analysis and a trend analysis were used to study such changes between 1975 and 2008 for a semi-arid (29°S–32°S) and a temperate (36°S–38°S) climatic zone. The historic annual maxima, minima and mean flows, as well as decadal mean peak flow, were compared over the period of record. The Gumbel distribution was selected to compare the 30-year flood values of two ±15-year intervals, which showed that streamflow decreased by an average of 19.5% in the semi-arid stations and increased by an average of 22.6% in the temperate stations. The Mann-Kendall test was used to investigate the temporal changes in streamflows, with negative trends being observed in 87% of the stations analysed in the semi-arid zone, and positive trends in 57% of those analysed in the temperate zone. These differences in streamflow response between climate zones could be related to recent documented increases in altitude of the zero-degree isotherm in the Andes Mountains of Chile, since most of the significant positive and negative changes were detected in first-order rivers located closer to this mountain range.

Editor D. Koutsoyiannis; Associate editor H. Lins

Citation Pizarro, R., Vera, M., Valdés, R., Helwig, B., and Olivares, C., 2013. Multi-decadal variations in annual maximum peak flows in semi-arid and temperate regions of Chile. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (2), 300–311.     

Climate change on the southern slope of Mt. Qomolangma （Everest） Region in Nepal since 1971

Based on monthly mean, maximum, and minimum air temperature and monthly mean precipitation data from 10 meteorological stations on the southern slope of the Mt. Qomolangma region in Nepal between 1971 and 2009, the spatial and temporal characteristics of climatic change in this region were analyzed using climatic linear trend, Sen＇s Slope Estimates and Mann-Kendall Test analysis methods. This paper focuses only on the southern slope and attempts to compare the results with those from the northern slope to clarify the characteristics and trends of climatic change in the Mt. Qomolangma region. The results showed that： （1） between 1971 and 2009, the annual mean temperature in the study area was 20.0℃, the rising rate of annual mean temperature was 0.25℃/10a, and the temperature increases were highly influenced by the maximum temperature in this region. On the other hand, the temperature increases on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma region were highly influenced by the minimum temperature. In 1974 and 1992, the temperature rose noticeably in February and September in the southern region when the increment passed 0.9℃. （2） Precipitation had an asymmetric distribution; between 1971 and 2009, the annual precipitation was 1729.01 mm. In this region, precipitation showed an increasing trend of 4.27 mm/a, but this was not statistically significant. In addition, the increase in rainfall was mainly concentrated in the period from April to October, including the entire monsoon period （from June to September） when precipitation accounts for about 78.9% of the annual total. （3） The influence of altitude on climate warming was not clear in the southern region, whereas the trend of climate warming was obvious on the northern slope of Mt. Qomolangma. The annual mean precipitation in the southern region was much higher than that of the northern slope of the Mt. Qomolangma region. This shows the barrier effect of the Himalayas as a whole and Mt. Qomolangma in particular.     

Research on changes and circulations of sea-ice in Eurasian in recent 50 years

1 Introduction Polar region in north is the large source of arctic mass. As an importantmember of cli- matic system, sea-ice and its variation impact on intensity and extent of northern cold air. With the stronger influence of greenhouse-effect in latest5…     

中国近50a积雪日数与最大积雪深度的时空变化规律

通过REOF和非参数Mann-Kendall趋势检验法,以1958/1959-2007/2008年度中国557个气象台站的积雪观测资料为基础,对中国积雪日数与最大积雪深度的时空演变规律进行分析.结果表明:东北、新疆北部和青藏高原中东部为中国积雪日数和最大积雪深度的3个大值区;近50a来,春、秋季中国积雪日数和最大积雪深度在整体上呈现缓慢减少的趋势,冬季积雪日数和最大积雪深度呈现增加的趋势.气温是影响积雪产生和维持的重要因素.     

近47年武川县气候变化趋势及R／S分析

利用气候倾向率、滑动平均、累积距平及Mann--Kendall突变分析和R／S等分析方法,分析近47年武川县气候变化的趋势性及持续性,并对未来的气候变化趋势进行了预测。结果表明：（1）近47年武川县年、四季平均气温升高显著。（2）近47年武川县夏季降水量明显减少,春季、冬季降水量呈略增多趋势,秋季、全年降水量呈减少趋势。（3）近47年武川县冬季和全年相对湿度明显减少,春、夏、秋季相对湿度呈微弱减少趋势。（14）近47年武川县四季及全年日照时数减少均不明显,未通过0．05的信度检验。年日照时数突变发生在1992年和2007年。预测未来的变化趋势均与以前一致,并将有持续减少的趋势。