克里雅河下游沉积物的光释光年龄与晚更新世末以来沙漠的形成

有关塔克拉玛干沙漠演化的年代学数据尚少,本文在地貌认知较少的克里雅河下游沙漠深处的圆沙和喀拉墩一带16处剖面获取了18件河流沉积光释光（OSL）年龄。新测得的年龄数据分布于3.4—44.1 ka。全新世样品多分布于圆沙与喀拉墩干三角洲及其之间的地区,年龄集中在11 ka、8—9 ka、5—6.5 ka、4.6 ka与3.4—3.7 ka。深海氧同位素3阶段（MIS3）样品位置在克里雅河与和田河之间,分布在约38—47 ka前后。末次冰期冰盛期（LGM）末样品分布在通往圆沙古河道的西侧,年龄在14.5 ka前后。根据沉积物样品及年代学数据认为：克里雅河下游曾在MIS3阶段末、LGM末与全新世多次发生洪泛;数次的洪泛事件对克里雅河下游地貌发育产生重要影响;克里雅河下游干三角洲及现代河流西侧的流动沙丘主要形成于全新世,与前人“发育于汉唐以来”的观点不完全一致。克里雅河下游河流沉积发生时间与塔里木盆地周缘山脉冰进冰消有一定对应,暗示气候变化可能间接影响着塔克拉玛干沙漠沙丘的发育。     

腾格里沙漠南缘土门剖面末次间冰期5e的主量元素特征及其记录的古气候

腾格里沙漠南缘地处中国西北沙漠与黄土交错带,也是东亚冬季风与夏季风交替控制的过渡地带,其对全球气候变化十分敏感,是研究古气候与古生态的理想地点。选择该区域一典型剖面即"土门剖面"(TMS)为代表,通过野外考察、采样和室内采用X-射线荧光光谱仪进行主量元素测试,探讨了以该剖面主元素氧化物为气候代用指标指示的腾格里沙漠沙漠南缘末次间冰期5e(MIS5e)的古气候变化。年代相当于MIS5e的土门剖面末次间冰期5e层段(TMS5e)由16层风成砂、11层湖积黄土和5层湖相构成,记录了14.5个风成砂与湖相或和湖积黄土构成的沉积旋回与元素旋回。分析结果显示,该层段8种主量元素的含量高低依次为:SiO₂ >Al₂O₃ >CaO >TOFE(FeO+Fe₂O₃) >K₂O >MgO >Na₂O >TiO₂,平均值依次为64.11%、11.31%、5.15%、4.08%、2.37%、2.26%、2.01%、0.41%。这些主量元素在TMS5e层段的垂直方向上呈两组镜像对称变化:一组为SiO₂,其含量在风成砂层位显峰态,而在湖相和湖积黄土层位显谷态;另一组为Al₂O₃、TOFE、CaO、MgO、Na₂O、K₂O、TiO₂,它们在风成砂层位呈谷态,在湖相和湖积黄土层位显谷态。土门剖面TMS5e层段的主元素氧化物指示的MIS5e腾格里沙漠南缘的气候是不稳定的,经历了14.5次暖湿与冷干交替的气候波动,且可划分为TMS5e5(139~129.30 ka BP)、TMS5e4(129.30~124 ka BP)、TMS5e3(124~119.50 ka BP)、TMS5e2(119.5~116.5 ka BP)和TMS5e1(116.5~113.70 ka BP)等5个亚段,其在时代上与末次间冰期5eGRIP冰芯δ¹⁸O记录的5个阶段具有遥相关关系。该研究深化了对我国西北季风边缘区MIS5e古气候状况的了解,也为国际上仍有争议的"MIS5e气候是不稳定"的理论观点提供了有力的地质证据。     

10Be dating of boulders on moraines from the last glacial period in the Nyainqentanglha mountains,Tibet

Chronologies of glacial advances during the last glacial period in the Nyainqentanglha mountain range may provide constraints on the past climate in a transition zone of the Asian monsoon.We present 15 new10Be exposure ages from two moraines in the Payuwang valley,on the north slope of the range.The inner moraine has exposure ages ranging from 18.0±1.7 to 30.6±2.8 ka(n=10),with a mean age of 23.8±4.0 ka,corresponding to the global Last Glacial Maximum(LGM).The outer moraine yields exposure ages ranging from 18.0±1.6 to 39.9±3.7 ka(n=5).Evidence for weathering leads us to view the oldest age as a minimum age,placing moraine formation during MIS3.Chronologies from the last glacial period from south slope of the Nyainqentanglha support this interpretation.Thus,there appears to have been a local LGM(LLGM)during MIS3 and a more limited glacial advance during the global LGM.Glacial advances during MIS3 in the Nyainqentanglha may correlate with millennial-scale climate change(Heinrich events).     

福建平潭岛晚第四纪沉积序列 及MIS 5海侵旋回特征

选择位于福建平潭岛北部芦洋埔海积平原的PT01钻孔,岩芯长度28.3 m,采用加速器碳同位素（AMS 14C）和光释光（OSL）测年建立地层年代框架,认为晚更新世富含有孔虫等海相生物化石的地层应归属于MIS 5高海面期,即MIS 5e的潮下带滨海相沉积。结合岩性特征、古生物化石、沉积物色度、粒度分析及其参数等指标,进行了沉积单元的划分,重建了MIS 6末期以来的沉积相变化过程,揭示出MIS 5期间的多次海平面波动变化,即MIS 5高海面期沉积环境仍存在滨海、潮坪、潟湖、风成砂等沉积相之间的转换,并可能存在短暂的陆相或风化过程。而该区整个末次冰期的沉积缺失或较薄,上部全新世沉积也不发育,厚度仅为3.79 m,以沼泽相―风成砂相为主。     

基于GIS的村镇管理信息系统设计与实现

建立村镇管理信息系统对村镇实现科学化、现代化和规范化管理,提高村镇管理和规划决策水平,加速乡村经济发展和社会进步具有重要意义。针对村镇这一聚落地域的信息和管理特点,文章以地理信息系统软件平台为基础,将其与管理信息系统、办公自动化系统有机结合起来,设计了村镇管理信息系统。在论述其设计思想和原则的基础上,详细阐述了基于GIS的村镇管理信息系统的总体设计框架、数据库的建立以及系统所能实现的基本功能。     

MIS 3以来浙江温瑞平原YQ0902孔古环境与古气候变化记录*

YQ0902孔位于浙江南部瓯江三角洲南侧温瑞平原上。沉积相、粒度分析以及AMS ¹4C测年数据表明,硬土层之下为海洋氧同位素3阶段(MIS 3）形成的潟湖相沉积,据此推测MIS 3高海平面至少达到现今海平面之下30m左右(未经构造升降和沉积物压实作用等影响的校正,下同）。硬土层的成土过程发生于MIS 2,其母质部分为MIS 3的潟湖沉积,部分为河漫滩沉积。硬土层之上是一套形成于全新世的海侵—海退旋回,与长江三角洲南翼前缘的沉积相组合类似。研究钻孔初始海泛面约形成于9 cal ka BP,推算当时的海平面约低于现今海平面25 m。中全新世最大海侵前后,东亚季风较强,通过径流或沿岸流输入本区的沉积物较充足,沉积速率较大。随着海平面相对稳定或略有下降,东亚季风减弱,可容空间减小,中晚全新世(5～2 cal ka BP）沉积速率较低。高分辨率的XRF岩心扫描获得的元素相对含量是古环境与古气候研究的重要指标,其中Cl/Ti、Fe/Ti值可分别作为海相性(与海洋联通程度）与东亚季风强弱的替代指标。     

会宁剖面黄土粒度记录的MIS3阶段气候变化研究

深海氧同位素第三阶段（MIS3）是末次冰期中的一段特殊时期,通过对会宁黄土剖面粒度变化特征的研究分析恢复重建了会宁MIS3阶段古气候。会宁剖面记录了较明显的5次降温事件——Heinrich事件（H2：23.22～23.51 ka,H3：30.52～31.19 ka,H4：38.3～39.93 ka,H5：43.67～44.82 ka,H6：63.54～64.41 ka）,其中的MIS3阶段根据粒度特征分为3 a（46.36～55.48 ka）较为温湿,3b（30.04～46.36 ka）干冷,3c（24.47～30.04 ka）温湿三个阶段,具明显的D-O旋回。     

A chronology for North Sea Lobe advance and recession on the Lincolnshire and Norfolk coasts during MIS 2 and 6

During the last (MIS 2) and older glaciations of the North Sea, a North Sea Lobe (NSL) of the British-Irish Ice Sheet flowed onshore and terminated on the lowlands of eastern England, constructing inset sequences of either substantial ice-marginal deposits and tills or only a thin till veneer, indicative of complex and highly dynamic glaciological behaviour. The glaciation limit represented by the Marsh Tills and the Stickney and Horkstow Moraines in Lincolnshire is regarded as the maximum margin of the NSL during MIS 2 and was attained at ∼19.5 ka as determined by OSL dating of overridden lake sediments at Welton le Wold. A later ice marginal position is recorded by the Hogsthorpe-Killingholme Moraine belt, within which ice-walled lake plains indicate large scale ice stagnation rapidly followed ice advance at ∼18.4 ka based on dates from supraglacial lake deposits. The NSL advanced onshore in North Norfolk slightly earlier constructing a moraine ridge at Garrett Hill at ∼21.5ka. In addition to the large ice-dammed lakes in the Humber and Wash lowlands, we propose that an extensive Glacial Lake Lymn was dammed in the southern Lincolnshire Wolds by the NSL ice margin at the Stickney Moraine. Previous proposals that older glacier limits might be recorded in the region, lying between MIS 2 and MIS 12 deposits, are verified by our OSL dates on the Stiffkey moraine, which lies immediately outside the Garrett Hill moraine and appears to be of MIS 6 age.     

Origins and genesis of loess deposits in central Spain,as indicated by heavy mineral compositions and grain‐size variability

The formation of loess deposits strongly depends on the availability of deflatable dust‐sized material. Identification of source areas and mechanisms of dust production is essential for an appropriate characterization of related palaeoenvironmental conditions. So far, little research has been done on loess deposits in the Mediterranean region and information about mechanisms of dust production is very rare. In this context, it is not clear from where the loess deposits from the upper Tagus Basin in central Spain originated. The main objective of this study was to find out whether these loess deposits were formed primarily by mountain processes and fluvial comminution, or whether they have their origin in the weathering of Tertiary marls in the centre of the Madrid Basin. A further concern was to link the determined source areas with loess formation mechanisms and concomitant environmental contexts. Following a comprehensive approach using heavy minerals and grain‐size data, together with information on stratigraphic features and geomorphic positions, different local loess sources could be identified. This study shows that during the last 35 kyr a major proportion of the Tagus loess deposits was deflated from river floodplains, while the mountain region of the Iberian Range was identified as a significant source of respective floodplain sediments. Based on heavy mineral compositions and dating results, it was found that during Heinrich Stadial 3, sediment supply from the Iberian Range strongly increased, suggesting an environmental shift from initially warmer towards colder temperatures in late Marine Isotope Stage 3. Furthermore, it was found that grain‐size patterns clearly indicate maximum wind strengths during Heinrich Stadial 3, followed by Heinrich Stadial 2 and Heinrich Stadial 1. These results demonstrate that the formation of dust‐sized particles in this part of the Mediterranean operated similar to many other places in temperate and continental regions, and that weathering processes linked to hot and dry environments were only of minor importance.     

萨拉乌苏河流域米浪沟湾剖面主元素记录的末次间冰阶气候波动

 位于鄂尔多斯高原萨拉乌苏河米浪沟湾剖面是重建毛乌素沙地晚更新世以来古气候的理想地点。其末次间冰阶(MIS3)层序含4种沉积相,划分为19个沉积单元,构成9.5个风成的砂丘砂与河流相、湖相和古土壤交替的沉积旋回。主元素分析结果显示,该剖面MIS3层序中河流相、湖相和古土壤的Al2O3、TOFE、CaO、MgO、K2O、Na2O、TiO2含量明显高于古风成砂, 而SiO2则相反, 构成与沉积旋回相应的9.5个元素波动旋回。这些元素旋回指示了该地末次间冰阶至少经历了10次温湿(W事件)和9次冷干(C事件)气候波动,且可划分为MIS3e(58.90~49.50 ka BP)、MIS3d(49.50~40.70 ka BP)、MIS3c(40.70~36.90 ka BP)、MIS3b(36.90~27.00 ka BP)和MIS3a(27.00~22.30 ka BP)等5个亚段。其中, 19次冷/暖波动可与格陵兰GRIP冰芯δ18O冰段/间冰段大致对应, 5个亚段与我国古里雅冰芯和V23-81冷性浮游有孔虫数代表的北大西洋地区气候也具有较好的可比性。