基础设施与人类生存环境之关系研究

人类在其发展中倾注了大量的人力、物车、财力建设基础设施，希图构筑理想生存环境。但基础设施为人类带来了什么？对人类的发展产生了何种影响？如何认识基础设施在人类生存环境演化中的作用？本文从积极角度阐述了基础设施与人类生存环境之关系，透视了基础设施在活动空间扩展、资源共享和生存环境优化方面的作用与意义。     

车载联合机载LiDAR点云数据的建筑物立面精细分割

从数据量庞大且散乱的车载LiDAR点云中分割出建筑物立面数据是一项繁琐而艰巨的工作。本文提出一种结合机载LiDAR点云的车载LiDAR点云建筑物立面分割方法。该方法在空-地点云严格配准的基础上,从机载LiDAR点云中分割出每栋建筑物的顶部点云,提取建筑物顶部外轮廓线并进行规则矢量化处理,设置轮廓线缓冲区实现立面点云的粗分割;再采用基于稳健特征值的平面拟合法对单栋建筑物的每个立面进行去噪滤波,实现建筑物立面的精细分割。试验结果证明了该算法对城市场景中车载LiDAR点云处理的有效性。     

南海热流特征及其构造意义

根据南海 592个热流数据 ,为克服热流站位分布不均及局部异常热流的影响 ,结合各单元的地质史及其地壳厚度等资料对研究区热流特征进行了详细分析。结果表明 ,具拉张背景的区域如北部陆缘、湄公盆地以及北巴拉望盆地具有中等偏高热流 ;海沟区热流相对较低 ,东部海沟区除台西南盆地外均为低热流区 ,而南部边缘东段古海沟区处于热恢复中 ;南部边缘西区因边界断裂的扭张及深部热源的异常补给而具高热流 ;属于剪切断裂带的西部陆缘也具高热流特征 ;中沙—西沙地区热流中等偏高 ,并由NW往SE方向增加 ,而南沙地区热流较低 ,约为 60mW·m- 2 ;海盆的热流基本满足随洋壳年龄增加而降低的规律 ,东部次海盆实测热流与理论预测基本一致 ,而西南次海盆实测热流普遍低于预测值 ;在南海北部下陆坡区识别出一条高热流带 ,该带与前人给出的海盆北缘断裂带位置基本一致。研究区不同区域地热特征直接或间接地受控于其所处的构造环境。据此 ,给出了研究区的热流趋势图。     

基于等角度变比例投影的矿体轮廓线自动匹配方法研究

详细讨论了基于矿体轮廓线的三维建模方法中涉及的匹配对应、分支和构面建模等主要问题.针对轮廓线匹配问题提出了一种以矿体整体走向为投影方向,以相邻剖面中轮廓线总面积之比为缩放比例的等角度变比例投影算法,将不共面的轮廓线投影到同一平面中以完成共面轮廓线的匹配拓扑分析,从而解决轮廓线的对应问题.为了解决轮廓线的分支问题,设计了一种距离反比加权平均和样条函数相结合的自适应插值算法.最后通过采用实际矿山数据建模,对本文所提出的方法进行了有效性验证.     

Integrated edge detection and terrain analysis for agricultural terrace delineation from remote sensing images

ABSTRACT

Agricultural terraces are important for agricultural production and soil-and-water conservation. They comprise treads and risers that require manual construction and maintenance. If managed improperly, risers will collapse, causing soil loss, gully erosion, and cultivation threats. However, mapping terrace risers remains a challenge. This study presents a novel approach to automatically map terrace risers by combining remote sensing images and digital elevation models (DEMs). First, a terraced hillslope was extracted via a hill-shading method and edges in the image were detected using a Canny edge detector. Next, the DEM was used to generate the contour direction, and edges along this direction were searched and coded as candidate terrace risers via directional detection. Finally, the results of directional detection and the edge image obtained from the Canny detector were overlaid to backtrack complete terrace risers. The approach was validated using four study areas with different topographic characteristics in the Loess Plateau, China. The results verify that the approach achieves outstanding performance and robustness in mapping terrace risers. The precision, recall, and F-measure were 90.81%–97.57%, 88.53%–94.10%, and 90.13%–95.80%, respectively. This approach is flexible and applicable with freely available images and DEM sources.     

A computer-aided framework for subsurface identification of white shark pigment patterns

Subsurface video footage can be used as a successful identification tool for various marine organisms; however, processing of such information has proven challenging. This study tests the use of automated software to assist with photo-identification of the great white shark Carcharodon carcharias in the region of Gansbaai, on the south coast of South Africa. A subsurface photo catalogue was created from underwater video footage. Single individuals were identified by using pigmentation patterns. From this catalogue, two images of the head for each individual were inserted into automated contour-recognition software (Interactive Individual Identification System Beta Contour 3.0). One image was used to search the database, the other served as a reference image. Identification was made by means of a contour, assigned using the software to the irregular border of grey and white on the shark's head. In total, 90 different contours were processed. The output provided ranks, where the first match would be a direct identification of the individual. The method proved to be accurate, in particular for high-quality images where 88.24% and 94.12%, respectively, were identified by two independent analysts as first match, and with all individuals identified within the top 10 matches. The inclusion of metadata improved accuracy and precision, allowing identification of even low-quality images.     

基于空-地多源数据融合的建筑物精细建模研究

针对建筑物精细建模的精度问题,对同一试验区建筑物群的机载LiDAR顶面数据、航空正射影像数据和车载LiDAR立面数据进行试验研究,通过精确提取各建筑物群的顶面和底面矢量轮廓线,对矢量轮廓线间的水平间距进行定性与定量分析,研究结果对空-地多源数据融合进行建筑物精细建模提供可靠的技术支持。     

不规则三角网（TIN）VB 6.0编程实现

系统阐述了基于等高线数据建立高质量DEM的理论和方法,分析比较了国内外建立DEM的方法。采用VB 6.0环境下实现了等高线数据构建不规则三角网（TIN）。在DEM的研究中,DEM精度关系到DEM的生产者与使用者,人们总是希望DEM能够完全准确、客观地反映地球表面的起伏变化。     

在AutoCAD下利用VBA改进数据编辑方法

在测绘基础数据的编辑过程中,数据编辑的方法是很重要的。需要可靠、有效的方法来提高生产的效率,并且能够及时地、有针对性地对数据编辑方法进行改进。本文介绍了在测绘生产中进行数据编辑方法改进的一些例子。     

Utilizing the Audio-Tutorial Approach

Abstract

Construction of raised-relief maps by students in middle school to high school is a rewarding “hands-on” experience. A major feature of this project is that materials are readily available, inexpensive and manageable by students themselves. Tracing from topographic maps on to inexpensive, easily-carved materials like cardboard or foam-core board involves the student in map interpretation techniques. Concepts such as interpreting elevations from contour lines, recognizing symbolization on a map, seeing raised-relief as representing “the lay of the land,” understanding map scale, and recognition of color in representation of elevations are part of this experience. Carving and construction of the raised-relief map give the student an appreciation of topographic features in 3-D. The finished model can serve as a display and learning tool for the future.