不同盐碱环境中宁夏枸杞叶生理特征和RAPD分析

调查了生长在不同盐碱地宁夏枸杞(Lycium barbarum L.)的生理特征。研究发现,次生盐碱地对枸杞的影响要大于原生盐碱地,光合色素含量、脯氨酸含量、蛋白质和核酸均表现为生长在次生盐碱地的枸杞体内含量高,但在幼株和成年植株体内的变化各不相同。可溶性蛋白凝胶电泳显示,对不同年龄的植株在同样的生境中谱带条数和着色深浅基本一样,但不同生境中有两条谱带的着色深浅有明显的不同。分析表明,光合色素含量、脯氨酸含量和蛋白质代谢的这种变化可能是植物的一种适应性反应,它有利于植物抵抗盐胁迫的伤害。RAPD分析表明宁夏枸杞在生长发育过程中,为了适应环境,在代谢发生了变化后,其遗传物质DNA也发生了一定的变异。     

基于分段自适应算法的浅海水深遥感反演融合模型研究

对于水深光学遥感反演研究,虽然已经建立了大量的模型方法,然而对于不同水深段,同一模型的反演精度各异,且采用单一模型进行水深反演得到的整体反演精度未必最佳。为了提高水深光学遥感反演的整体精度,本文提出一种分段自适应水深反演融合模型,模型在误差估计的基础上,结合了对数线性模型、对数转换比值模型、改进的对数转换比值模型与多调节因子模型的优势。利用模型在西沙群岛东岛开展了水深遥感反演实验,从整体反演精度、不同水深段反演精度及逐米水深精度等角度进行分析,结果表明,分段自适应融合模型的整体精度最高,平均绝对误差为1.09 m,平均相对误差达到16.06%;分水深段来看,分段自适应融合模型在多数不同水深段内的反演效果均最好;从逐米精度来看,分段自适应融合模型在大部分逐米水深段的反演能力均优于其他模型。     

What happens after climate change adaptation projects end: A community-based approach to ex-post assessment of adaptation projects

Over the last decade, hundreds of climate change adaptation projects have been funded and implemented. Despite the importance of these first-generation adaptation projects for establishing funders and implementors’ “best practices,” very little is known about how early adaptation projects have endured, to what ends, and for whom. In this article, I propose a community-based methodology for ex-post assessment of climate change adaptation projects. This methodology contributes to recognitional justice by asking the individuals and collectives tasked with sustaining adaptation initiatives to define adaptation success and what criteria for success should be assessed. I apply this subjective assessment approach in 10 communities across Ecuador that participated in an internationally funded adaptation project that concluded in 2015. My analysis draws together participatory mapping, walking interviews with local leaders, participant observation, and surveys with former project participants. The results highlight that even adaptation projects that were deemed highly successful at their closure have uncertain futures. I find that the sustainability mechanisms that were envisioned by project implementors have not functioned, and communities are shouldering the burden of reviving failing adaptation interventions. These findings highlight that the current model of episodic funding for climate change adaptation projects and evaluation processes needs to be revisited to acknowledge the long-term challenges faced by communities. This analysis also calls attention to the importance of ex-post assessment for adaptation projects and the potential of subjective assessment approaches for building more ontological and epistemological pluralism in understandings of successful climate change adaptation.     

热带地转适应运动的动力学基础

文中讨论了热带斜压大气地转适应过程中的若干动力学约束关系 ,在不考虑行星位势涡度梯度的前提下给出了三维重力惯性波的频散方程、位势涡度时间不变式。在这基础上指出由于 Taylor- Proudman定理成立 ,运动将趋于水平化。同时指出 ,在热带纬圈半地转平衡更易出现。地转适应后的运动 ,一般是水平无辐散的 ,虽然垂直运动趋于零 ,但物理场随高度仍然有变化 ,即是层结的。     

Evaluating the benefits of national adaptation to reduce climate risks and contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals

Scaling up national climate adaptation under the Paris Agreement is critical not only to reduce risk, but also to contribute to a nation’s development. Traditional adaptation assessments are aimed at evaluating adaptation to cost-effectively reduce risk and do not capture the far-reaching benefits of adaptation in the context of development and the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). By grounding adaptation planning in an SDG vision, we propose and demonstrate a methodological process that for the first time allows national decision-makers to: i) quantify the adaptation that is needed to safeguard SDG target progress, and ii) evaluate strategies of stakeholder-driven adaptation options to meet those needs whilst delivering additional SDG target co-benefits. This methodological process is spatially applied to a national adaptation assessment in Ghana. In the face of the country’s risk from floods and landslides, this analysis identifies which energy and transport assets to prioritise in order to make the greatest contribution to safeguarding development progress. Three strategies (‘built’, ‘nature-based’, ‘combined SDG strategy’) were formulated through a multi-stakeholder partnership involving government, the private sector, and academia as a means to protect Ghana’s prioritised assets against climate risk. Evaluating these adaptation strategies in terms of their ability to deliver on SDG targets, we find that the combined SDG strategy maximises SDG co-benefits across 116 targets. The proposed methodological process for integrating SDG targets in adaptation assessments is transferable to other climate-vulnerable nations, and can provide decision-makers with spatially-explicit evidence for implementing sustainable adaptation in alignment with the global agendas.