洛阳分县温度周滚动预报系统

利用洛阳9县(市)2002年11月~2004年9月逐日最高、最低气温资料,应用欧洲中心数值预报产品,建立了洛阳9个县(市)的温度周滚动预报方程。2004~2005年试报结果表明:24~48 h预报准确率在70%左右,绝对误差在2℃以内;24~144 h预报准确率在62%~70%之间,绝对误差在2℃左右;最低气温预报效果要好于最高气温,最低气温的绝对误差与准确率分别为1.98℃和67%,最高气温的绝对误差与准确率分别为2.28℃和61%。     

内陆河小流域综合治理对景观格局的影响——以童子坝河流域为例

以1987年、2000年、2008年3期Landsat TM影像为信息源,在GIS 技术和景观分析软件Fragstats3.3支持下,获得了民乐县童子坝河流域研究区不同时期的景观类型信息和描述景观格局特征的8个景观指数数据,利用这些数据分析了实施综合治理前后流域景观格局的变化。结果表明:①在类型水平上,各种草地景观类型的斑块呈现边缘整齐、形状规则的特点,斑块的破碎化程度减小,聚合度增加;特别是高覆盖度草地的斑块数目、平均斑块面积都呈增加趋势,斑块边界形状变得连续、规则,显现出人为干扰的痕迹;河床、河漫滩景观的斑块数目减少,斑块边界形状趋于规整,贯穿连通性增强\.②在景观水平上,景观空间格局规整有序,景观多样性提高,异质性增加,破碎化程度减小,空间连接性增强,以高覆盖度草地为主的景观优势显著体现出来。③综合治理措施实施对童子坝河流域景观格局的影响是积极有效的,这可为内陆河小流域继续开展生态环境建设提供科学依据。     

Measuring the attractiveness of Dutch landscapes: Identifying national hotspots of highly valued places using Google Maps

In a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) or an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), determining the value that the general public attaches to a landscape is often problematic. To aid the inclusion of this social value in such analyses, a Google Maps-based tool, called the HotSpotMonitor (HSM), was developed. The HSM determines which natural places are highly attractive by having people mark such places on a map. The definition of attractiveness remains open to avoid having marker placement being influenced by preconceived thoughts. The number of markers an area receives is considered to indicate its social value. Six regions were selected, and from these, stratified samples were drawn (total n = 3293). Participants placed markers at three spatial levels: local, regional and national. This paper focuses on the markers at the national level. The first research question is whether the HSM can produce an accurate map of highly attractive places at a national level. The results indicated that while in principle HSM can produce such a map, the spatial representativeness of the sample is important. The region of origin of the participants influenced where they placed their markers, an effect previously termed spatial discounting. The second research question considers which qualities the participants associate with the marked places. These qualities were very similar at all three spatial levels: green, natural, presence of water and quiet were often selected out of the fourteen suggested qualities. The third, and more exploratory, research question concerns which characteristics of an area predict its attractiveness. Natural and forest areas had higher marker densities than water surfaces or all other types of land use combined. The discussion evaluates the potential of the HSM to generate input on social landscape values for CBAs and EIAs.     

Above and belowground phenology of four Mediterranean sub-shrubs. Preliminary results on root–shoot competition

Above and belowground phenology are critical aspects for plant life in areas of seasonal climate like Mediterranean regions. However, fine root growth phenology is rarely considered in most phenological studies. In this article we describe the above and belowground phenology of four species of Mediterranean sub-shrubs growing along a gradient of temperature and water availability, with special attention at the relationship between both processes. Observations were conducted monthly over a minimum of 12 months per species. Fine root growth varied significantly throughout the year, being higher in autumn than in spring and minimum in summer. In the species growing in cold areas, root growth was also reduced during winter. Shoot growth was maximum in spring for the four study species, buts its beginning was related to the site temperature, being earlier in those species growing in warmer sites. The species displaying a short vegetative period tended to separate root and shoot growth processes throughout the year. These results emphasize the importance of water availability and winter cold on fine root growth. A trade-off appears to exist between the duration of the vegetative period and the overlap between root and shoot growth processes.     

2001-2021年黄河流域农业科技园区的时空格局及影响因素

探究农业科技园区的时空格局及影响因素对于优化园区布局、促进区域农业高质量发展具有重要意义。本文以黄河流域国家和省级农业科技园区为对象,采用标准差椭圆、核密度估计、探索性空间数据分析、空间变差函数、地理探测器模型等方法,分析了2001—2021年园区时空格局、演化特征及影响因素。结果发现：(1)农业科技园区经历了试点建设（2001—2009年）、全面推广（2010—2016年）和创新提质（2017—2021年）3个阶段。(2) 2001—2021年国家和省级园区总体分布态势逐渐一致,已经形成了河湟谷地、关中平原和黄河下游冲积平原3个主要集中分布区。(3)国家和省级园区全局关联特征表现不同,前者空间关联从随机模式向集聚模式转变,后者则一直表现为集聚模式;局部关联格局则均表现为“同向集聚增强,异向集聚减弱”的特点。(4)国家和省级园区格局演化均同时受结构性和随机性因素影响,包括产业结构水平、经济实力基础、交通便捷度、专利授权件数、农作物种植规模等主要因素,各因素间的交互作用大于单因素的作用,特别是产业结构水平与交通便捷度、经济实力基础与交通便捷度交互作用最为突出。本研究有助于丰富和完善农业科...     

塔里木盆地北部古生界密集段分布型式与海平面变化的关系

塔里木盆地北部震旦纪－古生代层序地层格架中,发育着６个可作为生油层的大型密集段或复合密集段。密集段在层序格架中有４种叠置型式,即进积组合,退积组合,加积组合和上超组合。不同的叠置型对应于不同的海平面变化过程。相应地,密集段的发育规模及时空展布有着明显的差别,其中,在退积层序组合和进积层序组合中,密集段垂向上相互叠置,侧向上彼此邻接,构成层数与厚度复杂多变的复合密集段,是盆地中的主力生油层。     

济阳坳陷稀土元素特征及其在物源对比中的应用

物源是控制沉积物中REE组成最主要的因素，济阳坳陷区岩石稀土元素特征表明：①济阳坳陷古生界与华北地台其他地区同时代地层岩石的REE分布特征具有极大的相似性，这体现了晚古生代济阳坳陷区所处的整个华北地台区为一稳定的克拉通沉积盆地，地层横向分布稳定，具有一致的物源和构造背景；②济阳坳陷古生界为中生界的物源，反映了济阳坳陷区由古生代稳定地台型沉积到中生代山间盆地沉积的转变，中生代洼陷区的沉积主要来自对附近凸起区古生代地层的剥蚀；③新生界样品与中生界样品的REE分布模式具有很大的相似性，从一个侧面反映了济阳坳陷中生代与新生代的构造格局的转变，中生代接受沉积的部分洼陷区至古近纪成为供给物源的凸起区。     

虎头崖铅锌多金属矿床矿体三维空间变化结构及分布规律

文章利用Vulcan和Datamine三维可视化软件建立了虎头崖铅锌多金属矿床矿体的三维实体模型、块体模型及地层三维实体模型;运用地质统计学方法分析了虎头崖矿区67线以东和117线以西矿体的Pb,Zn品位空间变化结构,得出搜索椭球体,实现了虎头崖铅锌多金属矿床矿体、地层形态和铅锌品位变化形态的空间分布展示;结合三维建模结果和铅锌矿体空间变化结构,总结出矿体空间分布规律,并用三维可视化软件对矿体分布规律进行显示,指导隐伏矿体的预测,寻找有利的找矿部位。     

五台山地区古元古界滹沱群沉积环境:前陆盆地还是陆内裂谷盆地?

分布于五台山地区的古元古界滹沱群形成的大地构造环境和地质演化过程,对华北克拉通东、西部陆块之间的华北中部碰撞造山带的形成时代和演化具有关键性的地质约束.通过对滹沱群与下伏地质体之间的接触关系、滹沱群沉积岩石序列组合特征、构造变形样式和已有同位素年代学资料的综合分析,认为(1)滹沱群呈区域性角度不整合覆盖于新太古代五台群...     

金矿床放射性勘查的良好效果

U、Th、K、Rn等核辐射及含量在含金地质体与非含金地质体间的差异是用放射性方法勘查金矿的地球物理和地球化学条件。大量实例表明 ,各种放射性方法都可在一定条件下用于金矿床勘查 ,并能取得良好效果。不同类型的金矿床 ,Au与 U、Th、K、Rn等有不同的组合关系