地形立体景观图生成技术的研究

本文论述了用模拟灰度法绘制地形立体景观图的基本过程。首先用三角形面素来逼近地形表面,然后进行坐标透视变换和消隐处理,再根据选定的光照模型计算出每面素上各点的灰度值,最后采用彩色合成和图形叠加技术绘制出地形的立体景观图。     

城市景观格局与热岛效应研究进展

概述了城市景观格局和城市热岛效应及城市景观格局对城市热岛效应影响等领域的研究现状,探讨了城市景观格局对城市热岛效应的影响作用,并结合城市景观格局研究中的新领域——景观格局优化,提出了解决城市热岛问题的新思路,即通过优化景观格局来达到缓解甚至消除热岛效应。展望了城市景观格局和城市热岛效应研究领域存在的问题和面临的任务。     

基于手持GPS洞庭湖区植被景观格局外业调绘研究

本文以1：50000的地形图为工作底图，采用手持GPS技术、利用实地调查与分解森林资源分布图相结合的方法，对洞庭湖区植被分布状况进行了外业调绘的研究。建立了外业调绘过程中植被群落斑块最小面积和边界的确定原则及其斑块类型与编码。探讨了手持GPS实现WGS-84坐标系向1954北京坐标系的转化方法。并进行了精度估算，其点位误差≤5．8m，完全可以满足洞庭湖区植被分布外业调绘的精度要求。运用该方法进行植被分布的外业调绘，可以解决运用传统的定位测量方法在湖区定位难的问题，提高了外业作业效率。     

Quantifying land use/land cover spatio-temporal landscape pattern dynamics from Hyperion using SVMs classifier and FRAGSTATS®

This study aims to quantify the landscape spatio-temporal dynamics including Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) changes occurred in a typical Mediterranean ecosystem of high ecological and cultural significance in central Greece covering a period of 9 years (2001–2009). Herein, we examined the synergistic operation among Hyperion hyperspectral satellite imagery with Support Vector Machines, the FRAGSTATS^® landscape spatial analysis programme and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for this purpose. The change analysis showed that notable changes reported in the experimental region during the studied period, particularly for certain LULC classes. The analysis of accuracy indices suggested that all the three classification techniques are performing satisfactorily with overall accuracy of 86.62, 91.67 and 89.26% in years 2001, 2004 and 2009, respectively. Results evidenced the requirement for taking measures to conserve this forest-dominated natural ecosystem from human-induced pressures and/or natural hazards occurred in the area. To our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind, demonstrating the Hyperion capability in quantifying LULC changes with landscape metrics using FRAGSTATS^® programme and PCA for understanding the land surface fragmentation characteristics and their changes. The suggested approach is robust and flexible enough to be expanded further to other regions. Findings of this research can be of special importance in the context of the launch of spaceborne hyperspectral sensors that are already planned to be placed in orbit as the NASA’s HyspIRI sensor and EnMAP.     

Assessment of the sensitivity of the landscape in a sample area in Hungary for climatic variability

In the northeastern part of Hungary near the township of Tokaj a landscape research project has been performed in a 9 km² area. The aim of this study is to examine the possibilities of expressing the climatic sensitivity of the given small landscape unit by analysing the capabilities of such a small sample area and synthésizing the data obtained. The landscape analysis consisted of field and laboratory measurements, theoretical calculations, analyses of maps, as well as the construction of thematic maps (on the scale of 1:10000) and cartograms. In view of climatic sensitivity four of the landscape factors were regarded as crucial: (1) the water budget of the soils, (2) the thickness of the soils and loose sediments, (3) insolation, and (4) land use. By synthesis of these factors a five-grade climatic sensitivity map was produced. On the basis of the areal proportion of the different classes of sensitivity it was established that the study area is moderately sensitive to climate. Examination of the moisture content of soil clearly indicated different responses of the areas from the different sensitivity classes to changes in temperature and precipitation. The four main landscape factors selected proved to be useful in the rough delineation of the classes on the climatic sensitivity map. However, the use of the other landscape factors improved its accuracy.