压(扭)性动力学环境下动力机制转换与板内沉降坳陷形成

中国大陆自海西构造运动末期-印支构造运动初期,各主要洋盆基本碰撞关闭并褶皱成山,焊接为统一大陆板块,构成中新生代山-盆体系,形成在印度板块和太平洋板块夹持作用下,以板内构造特点发展演化的格局。板内盆地是指中国大陆在二叠纪末(或三叠纪初)大洋板块关闭,焊接为一体的大陆板块全部或基本转为陆相沉积时期的重要构造类型。中国西北区中新生代盆地形成演化进程归属汇聚板缘洋壳俯冲或碰撞构造动力远距离传递影响下的板内构造动力学和运动学作用范畴。文章通过对中国西北部中新生代盆地在压性、压扭性动力场环境中,不同类型原型盆地(或坳陷)的沉降运动轨迹和方式,及其形成、演化过程的构造及沉积层系蕴育的构造运动学过程遗迹及后期演化、改造的证据研究,探索盆-山耦合动力系统的构造运动学过程及其对构造变形体系的制约机制,以揭示中国西部盆-山耦合体系构造动力学机制及其动力转换。     

含油气盆地成藏动力学研究综述

成藏动力学是石油地质领域一个研究热点，是一门新兴的学科，目前在国内外均没有明确、统一的定义。笔者介绍了成藏动力学的产生、发展与研究现状，论述了成藏动力学的定义、划分原则、类型及命名等基本内容，并总结出了其研究思路和方法，指出了成藏动力学下一步研究的主要内容和发展趋势。认为在进一步认识与油气成藏密切相关的化学动力学、流体动力学过程和机理的基础上，实现盆地温度场、压力场、应务场的耦合和流体流动、能量传递和物质搬动的三维模拟，是成藏动力学的重要发展方向。     

地质系统的复杂性—地质科学的基本问题(Ⅰ)

笔者根据其所提出的“地质作用与时空结构是一切地质现象的本质与核心”的自然哲学理念将地质科学的学科体系划分为地球物质的成分与结构、地质作用、地质学场与地质系统的演化等四大基本领域, 它与9个重大基础地质问题以及与其相关的基础理论问题相对应(表 2).笔者将其已发表的地质科学的复杂性理论“地质作用的临界过程动力学——地质系统在混沌边缘分形生长”应用于研究9个重大基础地质问题, 着重对于其中所包含的主要基础理论问题的实质及其理论与研究方法作较深入而简要的剖析.目的是通过将地质系统的复杂性作为地质科学的基本问题的新视角对古老而常新的地质科学进行再认识, 将重大基础地质问题的研究提高到非线性科学和复杂性理论的层次, 并实现地质科学向精确科学的跨越, 取得突破性进展      

汶川地震遗迹旅游资源分类及特色评价

汶川地震造就了大量地震遗迹景观,成为了地震科学研究及旅游开发活动的重要资源基础.对地震遗迹景观分类没有形成统一的认识,广义与狭义视角并存,两分法与一分法并现.充分考虑地震遗迹旅游资源成因及景观特征,强调地震活动对地震遗迹旅游资源成景过程的影响及响应,将其分为2个景观型,4个景观域、6个景观段、13个景观元及若干典型地震遗迹景观:重点介绍了北川县城地震遗址、都汶公路百花大桥、都江堰虹口深溪沟地表破裂、北川县唐家山堰塞湖、北川县城城西滑坡遗迹等典型地震遗迹旅游资源;提炼出"国际意义的地质科学研究对象、全球吸引力的典型地震遗迹、国际品质的地震遗迹旅游资源开发条件、世界级震撼力的地震灾难性事件"四大特色.研究结论有利于地震遗迹旅游资源的保护及震区旅游恢复重建,为高烈度山区地震专项旅游产品开发提供科学依据.     

Paper trails: The Outdoor Recreation Resource Review Commission and the rationalization of recreational resources

This article examines the history of the Outdoor Recreation Resource Review Commission (ORRRC) in the United States between 1955 and 1963 and efforts to make recreational resources legible for federal governance. By drawing on insights from Critical Resource Geography, I highlight the ways that the ORRRC systematically accounted for and categorized recreational resources, creating a “patchwork landscape” that zoned outdoor recreational resources and promoted efficient use and rational resource conservation. I argue that these efforts required a negotiation between abstraction and an awareness of the situated nature of recreational landscapes.     

The Zoulang Nanshan Caledonian Subduct ion Complex in the Northern Qilian Mountains and Its Dynamics

The front of the Zoulang Nanshan Caledonian volcanic island arc zone in the northern Qilian Mountains is a forearc accretionary terrane, composed of multiple accretionary volcanic island arcs, flysch accretionary wedges,high-pressure metamorphosed detachment zones and remnants of ophiolites. It resulted from the northeastward subduction of the Early Palaeozoic Qilan oceanic crust beneath the Alxa block. High-pressure metamorphism, which occurred during the subduction, progressed through three stages: the initial stage of medium T-high P,the main stage of temperature decrease and pressure increase, and the lag stage of pressure decrease and temperature increase. Finally the paper presents a retrotrench subduction dynamic model indicative of northward subduction of the central Qilian block and southward accretion of the Alxa block during the period of 450-500 Ma.     

造山带与岩石圈演化动力学研究述评

本文综述指出：深部过程，可能导致放射性元素在地幔或下地壳的某些部位聚结而产生强烈的核反应，致使下地壳加热和上地壳的快速抬升和伸展垮塌，产生地震、火山作用、岩浆作用，形成山脉。通过对来自地球内部的α─粒子辐射监测，有可能对毁灭性地震作出预报。     

Comparison of chaos detection methods in the circular restricted three‐body problem

In this study, a sample of orbits is considered in the framework of the planar circular restricted three‐body problem. In order to separate ordered from chaotic orbits three numerical methods are compared: the Largest Lyapunov Characteristic Exponent (LLCE) and the Smaller Alignment Index (SALI) provide a fairly good characterization of the chaotic motions, while the computational time required is of the same order; the Correlation Dimension (CD) has the advantage of correctly classifying sticky orbits, but at the expense of a longer computational time. In order to classify a given orbit, any pair of the three methods can be considered, but LLCE and SALI are recommended due to their speed. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Near-infrared imaging in H2 of molecular (CO) outflows from young stars

We have imaged several known molecular (CO) outflows in H₂ v=1-0 S(1) and wide-band K in order to identify the molecular shocks associated with the acceleration of ambient gas by outflows from young stars. We detected H₂ line emission in all the flows we observed: L 1157, VLA 1623, NGC 6334I, NGC 2264G, L 1641N and Haro 4-255. A comparison of the H₂ data with CO outflow maps strongly suggests that prompt entrainment near the head of a collimated jet probably is the dominant mechanism for producing the CO outflows in these sources.     

Virial oscillations of celestial bodies: V. The structure of the potential and kinetic energies of a celestial body as a record of its creation history

The physical meaning of the terms of the potential and kinetic energy expressions, expanded by means of the density variation function for a nonuniform self-gravitating sphere, is discussed. The terms of the expansions represent the energy and the moment of inertia of the uniform sphere, the energy and the moment of inertia of the nonuniformities interacting with the uniform sphere, and the energy of the nonuniformities interacting with each other. It follows from the physical meaning of the above components of the energy structure, and also from the observational fact of the expansion of the Universe that the phase transition, notably, fusion of particles and nuclei and condensation of liquid and solid phases of the expanded matter accompanied by release of energy, must be the physical cause of initial thermal and gravitational instability of the matter. The released kinetic energy being constrained by the general motion of the expansion, develops regional and local turbulent (cyclonic) motion of the matter, which should be the second physical effect responsible for the creation of celestial bodies and their rotation.