Voices for environmental action? Analyzing narrative in environmental governance networks in the Pacific Islands

As climate change pushes against the shorelines of the Pacific Islands, strategies to coalesce power to mitigate for and adapt to environmental degradation become even more relevant. One mechanism employed by the Pacific Islands to overcome conflict is the formation of climate networks that work together to meet the needs of the islands as a region. During this process of networked governance, however, contestations occur between the local and global strategies and knowledges that must be navigated by state and nonstate organizations in these networks in order to achieve their respective aims. In order to gain authority to make decisions and govern on climate issues, these networks employ particular narratives—constructions of the hero, victim, and villain, both human and nonhuman, in the story of climate policy—that both produce and are produced by these local/global contestations. This article explores these issues in the context of the Pacific Island Forum and Pacific Island Development Forum summits leading up to the 2015 Conference of the Parties, and their final climate declarations. Through this investigation, two competing narratives are found—the global technical narrative and the local power narrative. These narratives impacted the deliberations and subsequent climate declarations in these Pacific summits, with both the global technical narrative of the Pacific Island Forum summit and the local power narrative of the Pacific Island Development Forum summit being evident in their final declarations. These narrative constructions have consequences for the representativeness of the decisions made in these networks.     

知识型水利—中国水利的发展方向

现代科技突飞猛进，世界经济正由物资经济向知识经济转变。水利为国民经济的基础，必须顺应时代发展的潮流，发展知识型水利。知识型水利是指以知识和技术高度密集为基础的水利，是一种以现代科学技术为核心建立在知识信息的生产、存储、使用和消化之上的水利。发展知识型水利，这既是新时代的要求，是由我国的现实国情决定的，也是促进我国水利可持续发展，走向市场提高经济效益的有效途径。走具有中国特色的知识型水利，要依靠科技进步，提高科技在水利经济增长中的贡献率，要发展水利产业化经营，提高人员文化素质，保护环境，实现水利可持续发展。     

用基于知识的决策树方法分层提取矿区土地类型——以湖北大冶为例

以湖北大冶为研究区,采用多时相陆地卫星遥感图像,通过不同波段组合,以及ironoxide指数和归一化差异植被指数(NDVI)等,详细分析了各地表地物光谱特征和空间特征,建立了研究区分类知识库表,采用决策二叉树法进行分类,得到了高精度分类结果图。基于不同时相分类结果的变化检测,通过对研究区水体污染、矿区复垦、耕地变化等分析,认为从1986～2002年,研究区水质虽有一定改善,但矿区植被退化严重,耕地大量减少,停产矿区复垦仅为20%,为合理保护矿区生态环境和科学管理采矿企业提供了有用资料。     

地震预报专家系统ESEP 3.0中的知识表示方法

知识表示是专家系统建造中的一个关键环节，知识表示方法的好坏直接关系到系统的智能水平和解决问题的能力。在地震预报专家系统ESEP3．0中有多种知识表示方法，本文介绍了该系统的结构知识、地震学和前兆预报知识、机器学习知识、综合预报知识、确定异常证据可信度知识以及支持知识等多种知识表示方法，提出了确定异常证据可信度模型。这些知识表示方法可以很好地表示各类地震预报知识。     

国内地质学领域研究热点文献计量学分析

本文选取中国知网数据库（CNKI）中的中文期刊全文数据库作为数据来源,对地质学领域的10种中文核心期刊相关科技论文开展文献计量分析,着重分析了近五年来所刊载科技论文的发表量、基金资助、学科分布和关键词等特征及变化趋势。了解了近年来我国地质学领域研究的基本信息和研究热点,分析结果可以为今后进一步把握学科领域发展方向提供参考。     

数字地球与“地相学”

本文通过对数字地球的诠释,结合与地相学的本质联系,论述了二者的形成与发展的关联程度,提出了数字地球是地相学的“量化”;地相学是数字地球的理论支撑与生存、发展的土壤,也是数字地球的学科定位“解”。进而,阐明数字时空的实现是数字地球更宽泛的归宿。     

信息高速公路、空间数据基础设施与数字地球

本文叙述国家信息基础设施（ＮＩＩ）、国家空间数据基础设施（ＮＳＤＩ）和数字地球的概念与相互关系,通过讨论分析,对如何推动我国信息高科技发展提出了若干有价值的建议。     

Equity, justice and power issues raised by no-take marine protected area proposals

In the face of growing calls for no-take marine protected areas (NTMPAs) and the development of a UK legal framework for them, fishing industry and related perspectives on the equity, justice and power issues raised by such designations are explored. Whilst these reveal growing concerns about the political and geographical marginalisation of the fishing industry, they also reveal a significant potential for the constructive participation of industry representatives in discussions and decisions concerning NTMPAs. These findings support the argument that this potential should be realised, as the environmental coherence of our seas need not be achieved through the social and economic isolation of our fishing industry.     

嵌入专家系统思想的上海市园林绿化GIS构建

本文介绍了嵌入专家系统思想的上海市园林绿化地理信息系统,探讨了在地理信息系统中如何嵌入专家系统模块。研究表明,构建嵌入专家系统思想的地理信息系统,能提高地理信息系统的智能性.     

知识经济时代我国测绘产业面临的挑战与对策

我国正处在由传统经济向知识经济转变的重要时期,信息化、知识化已成为当今世界经济发展的主要方向。我国测绘产业面临知识经济的挑战和机遇,应当加强人才资源、信息资源的开发和利用,加快数字化、网络化、集成化、智能化建设,逐步实现由传统测绘产业向地理信息产业的转变,为我国国民经济信息化建设提供坚实的基础。