大别山东南麓中新生代碎屑岩地球化学特征及其对物源的制约

位于大别山东南麓的安庆-潜山地区中新生代碎屑岩比较发育,主元素分析表明,砂岩主要为杂砂岩,其次是岩屑砂岩和长石砂岩。根据主元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征值分析结果,中、上三叠统和下、中侏罗统的源岩来源广泛,属于大陆岛弧、活动大陆边缘和被动大陆边缘构造背景,可能反映了前陆盆地物源的二元特征。古近系源岩主要为活动大陆边缘和大陆岛弧构造环境,说明物源仅来自大别山造山带。稀土元素比值及相关系数分析揭示,中晚三叠世黄马青群的源岩主要为宿松群的长英质片岩、浅粒岩以及大别杂岩,侏罗纪磨山组大致类似于大别群的花岗片麻岩,罗岭组与大别群比较类似。显示大别山造山带在中晚三叠世已经隆升并遭受剥露。     

对GIS技术下地籍管理系统建立中几个问题的探讨

建立基于GIS地籍管理系统是目前土地管理部门正在开展的一项建设性工作。本文在分析GIS技术应用于地籍管理特点的基础上 ,对建立地籍管理系统时GIS地籍数据库的建设、GIS平台的选择以及系统功能开发中的一些问题进行了探讨     

地震的丛集性与断裂间的相互作用:兼论祁连山东段的地震危险性

从地震丛集的大量实例出发 ,讨论了地震丛集与断裂间相互作用的特点、基本规律、机理问题及对地震预测的意义 ,在此基础上对祁连山断裂带东段的地震危险性进行了定性分析 ,认为 1 92 7年古浪 8.0级地震的发生对此区断裂的地震潜势产生深刻影响 .它可能暗示 :此区内的未来大震与 1 92 7年古浪地震分属两个地震丛集期 ;古浪地震的发生使得作为危险段落的金强河 毛毛山断裂上的挤压应力显著增大 ,从而延迟了未来大震的发震时间 .     

龙门山构造带区域稳定性探讨

根据龙门山构造带的地震地质特征、地震活动规律及新构造活动特征,综合分析认为该地区区域稳定性受控于龙门山断裂带。而断裂带又以韧性切变形为主,蠕滑运动为特征,决定该带在相当长的一段时间内,发生强烈地震的可能性不大。     

The 1996 and 1998 subglacial eruptions beneath the Vatnajökull ice sheet in Iceland: contrasting geochemical and geophysical inferences on magma migration

87 Sr/⁸⁶Sr (0.70322) and δ ¹⁸O ( ∼2.9‰), whereas significantly lower and higher values, respectively, are found in samples from the Bárdarbunga volcanic system (0.70307 and 3.8‰). These results strongly indicate that the Gjálp magma originated from the Grímsv?tn magma system. The 1996 magma is of an intermediate composition, representing a basaltic icelandite formed by 50% fractional crystallization of a tholeiite magma similar in composition to that expelled by the 1998 Grímsv?tn eruption. The differentiation that produced the Gjálp magma may have taken place in a subsidiary magma chamber that last erupted in 1938 and would be located directly beneath the 1996 eruption site. This chamber was ruptured when a tectonic fracture propagated southward from Bárdarbunga central volcano, as indicated by the seismicity that preceded the eruption. Our geochemical results are therefore not in agreement with lateral magma migration feeding the 1996 Gjálp eruption. Moreover, the results clearly demonstrate that isotope ratios are excellent tracers for deciphering pathways of magma migration and permit a clear delineation of the volcanic systems beneath Vatnaj?kull ice sheet. Received: 1 April 1998 / Accepted: 17 August 1999     

Occurrence of angiosperm remains in an Early Cretaceous intertrappean bed, Rajmahal Basin, India

An angiosperm fruit of uncertain affinity and a questionable flower are reported from the Rajmahal Formation (Early Cretaceous) at the locality of Sonajori, Rajmahal Basin. The remains of ferns, Pentoxylales and conifers have been described previously from this locality. The significant addition of angiosperm megafossil remains confirms that flowering plants were evolving during the Early Cretaceous Epoch in India. The Sonajori assemblage seems to be the youngest fossil assemblage recovered so far from the Rajmahal Basin. It is tentatively dated as Barremian–Aptian.     

Electric-field gradient and mean-squared-displacement tensors in hedenbergite from single-crystal Mössbauer milliprobe measurements

We report Mössbauer milliprobe measurements on small single-crystals of a magnesium-rich hedenbergite, approximate composition CaFe_0.54Mg_0.46 (SiO₃)₂, in which each of the electric-field gradient and mean-squared displacement tensors for Fe²⁺ in the M1 site of the crystal are precisely determined. Each tensor has in common, as required of crystal symmetry, the twofold axis of the monoclinic unit cell, but the principal directions of the two tensors in the perpendicular plane are non-coincident. The mean-squared displacements determined in the Mössbauer experiment exceed those determined from the X-ray vibration ellipsoids for Fe²⁺/M1 by a factor of 1.6; the anisotropy in the mean-squared displacement tensor from the Mössbauer measurements exceeds that from X-ray by a factor of around 5. The ramifications of these differences are discussed.     

内蒙古大青山的新生代剥蚀和隆起

内蒙古大青山及其毗邻的呼和浩特断陷盆地是研究剥蚀和地壳均衡隆起的理想地区。本文提供了大青山新生代等高峰顶面和晚第四纪河流阶地拱曲变形的证据 ;依据呼和浩特盆地的地震探测获得的沉积厚度 ,计算出大青山的剥蚀和地壳均衡隆起量 ;提出地壳均衡隆起是大青山晚第三纪以来主要的区域变形机制 ;指出由於地壳均衡隆起 ,剥蚀作用最终只是使大青山高度略微降低 ;同时复原了大青山新生代景观演化历史。本文还讨论了剥蚀和地壳均衡隆起之间的耦合关系以及断裂作用在其中的地位 ,认为大青山新生代景观演化是在剥蚀去荷失去重力平衡和均衡隆起恢复重力平衡的长期自身耦合作用中进行的 ,在此过程中断层的下降盘由主动盘变成被动盘     

Carbon isotopes in eclogite and apatite separate from Huangzhen and Shima in SE Dabie

The carbon isotope compositions of high- and ultrahigh-pressure eclogite and apatite separate from Huangzhen and Shima in SE Dabie Mountains were analyzed by EA-MS online technique. The δ13C values of the eclogites cover a wide range of -30.7‰ - +1.5‰, whereas those of apatites only have a small range of -28.1‰--21.0‰. Some of the eclogites with the high δ13C values suffered retrogressive alteration by CO2-bearing fluids. The low δ13C values of the apatites indicate that the eclogites contain surficial carbon of organic origin. It is concluded that protoliths of the eclogites were exposed to the surface of the Earth, and that the carbon-bearing fluid was depleted in 13C during the eclogite-facies metamorphism.     

油气藏动力学成因模式与分类

根据油气运聚的动力和作用方式将油气藏成因分为 3类 8种 17式。这 8种分别是 :①高压势场作用下形成的油气藏 ;②低压势场作用下形成的油气藏 ;③油水携带溶解气游离释放形成的天然气藏 ;④浮力作用下形成的油气藏 ;⑤毛细管力作用下形成的油气藏 ;⑥天然气体积膨胀形成的深盆气藏 ;⑦分子吸附作用形成的煤层瓦斯气藏 ;⑧分子水合作用形成的水合甲烷气藏。①～③种为突发式流压作用形成的油气藏 ,④～⑥种为缓慢式烃势差形成的油气藏 ,⑦和⑧为非常规条件下天然气汇聚形成的特殊类型的 (油 )气藏。相同动力学成因的油气藏因实际地质条件的差异可以进一步分成亚类。不同动力学成因的油气藏的分布规律、主控因素和产状特征不同。研究油气运聚的动力机制和成因模式对指导油气田勘探、提高勘探效益具有重要意义。