Distribution and source of heavy metals in the surface sediments from the near-shore area,north Jiangsu Province,China

Samples of surface sediment and vibrocore were collected in the near-shore area of north Jiangsu Province for grain size, elements, ²¹⁰Pb_excess and ¹³⁷Cs analyses. In our study area, the diversity of metal concentration was controlled not by the grain size, but by the source. The element content of the old Yellow River Delta was used as baseline for our study area. Geoaccumulation indexes indicate that no station was polluted by Cu, Pb, Zn and As, but the I_geo values of As were close to zero in some stations. Slight pollution caused by Cd was observed in some stations. Correlation and enrichment factors suggest that Cu, Pb and Zn are lithogenic in origin, while As and Cd are mixed in origin. Especially, in some polluted stations Cd was obviously anthropogenic in origin.     

A Holistic Approach to Upwelling and Downwelling along the South-West Coast of India

An attempt has been made to develop a holistic understanding of upwelling and downwelling along the south-west coast of India. The main objective was to elucidate the roles of different forcings involved in the vertical motion along this coast. The south-west coast of India was characterized by upwelling during the south-west monsoon (May to September) and by downwelling during the north-east monsoon and winter (November to February). The average vertical velocity calculated along the south-west coast from the vertical shift of the 26?°C isotherm is 0.57?m/day during upwelling and 0.698?m/day during downwelling. It was concluded that upwelling along the south-west coast of India is driven by offshore Ekman transport due to the alongshore wind, Ekman pumping, horizontal divergence of currents and by the propagation of coastally trapped waves. Whereas downwelling along the coast is driven only by convergence of currents and the propagation of coastally trapped Kelvin waves. Along the west coast of India, the downwelling-favorable Kelvin waves come from the equator and upwelling-favorable waves come from the Gulf of Mannar region.     

第四纪以来天津北部燕山隆升与山前盆地的形成*

文中报道了天津市北部燕山山前地带共4个高岩心采取率钻孔的沉积学、地层学、年代学和微体古生物综合研究。420个热退磁样品的磁倾角曲线显示,具147 m厚松散地层的标准孔Z3孔下部地层属于2.58 Ma的松山(Matuyama)极性带。随着地壳沉降,只是从早更新世,冲积扇侧缘泥质沉积物才开始充填了底砾岩层之上的沉积空间,形成广义的山前盆地中的泛滥平原;与传统上视为上新统特征沉积的红棕色黏土类似的亮黄橙-黄橙色-亮红棕色黏土,延续出现到早更新世中期,当时区域沉降中心位于距离山前断裂不足4 km处。0.78 Ma以来的布容(Brunhes)极性带厚57.8 m。谨慎地依据120 ka的布莱克(Blake)亚时确定上更新统后,可见中更新统大部缺失,与天津市区沧县隆起和北京永定河冲积平原南部所见此时的地层间断十分相近。3个钻孔的7个¹⁴C测年数据证实,距离山前断裂不足2 km的钻孔45 ka以来的地层最厚达41 m;显示自MIS3初始期,沉降中心向北迁移更靠近山前断裂,且在构造断裂作用下形成了新的狭义的山前盆地。研究区可见15 ka富有机质黏土及上覆泥炭,表明末次冰消期开始的气候转暖首先影响到华北平原山前地区。此项工作为研究晚新生代以来“源到汇”过程中渤海湾西岸的沉降提供了一个基准点。     

江苏兴化DS浅孔沉积物地球化学元素与粒度所揭示的古环境意义

选择位于东亚季风典型区的苏北盆地沉降中心附近湖沼沉积为研究对象,进行了AMS¹⁴C、粒度、地球化学元素的综合分析。分析表明,末次冰消期以来苏北盆地古气候经历了冷干、暖湿、温湿、冷暖波动剧烈、暖湿的变化过程。苏北盆地DS钻孔沉积物所揭示的气候变化与贵州董歌洞石笋氧同位素数据和格陵兰冰芯数据所揭示的气候变化总体变化趋势大体一致,但在一些细部上还是存在着差异,较好的响应了区域环境和全球气候变化。     

东海台风出现次数以及在我省沿海登陆的分析与预测

根据３７年（１９５３～１９８９年）的有关气象资料分析表明,浙北地区当年３月温度,上年４～６月降水量,秋、冬季干湿度和年积温与当年东海热带气旋（指强度达到热带风暴以上的热带气旋以下统称台风）出现次数之间有着密切的相关性。在此基础上进一步分析了前期一些气象要素与登陆台风之间的关系,并由此分别建立预报东海台风出现多寡和台风是否登陆的判别式。从其拟合和试报结果来看,效果令人满意。     

Numerical modeling of tide-surge interaction along Orissa coast of India

The Orissa coast of India is one of the most vulnerable regions of extreme sea levels associated with severe tropical cyclones. There was extensive loss of life and property due to the October 1999 super cyclone, which devastated large part of the Orissa coast. The shallow nature of the head bay, presence of a large number of deltas formed by major rivers of Orissa such as Mahanadi and Dhamra, and high tidal range are responsible for storm surge flooding in the region. Specifically, rising and falling tidal phases influence the height, duration, and arrival time of peak surge along the coast. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the tide-surge interaction during the 1999 Orissa cyclone by using nonlinear vertically integrated numerical models. The pure tidal solution for the head bay region of the Bay of Bengal provides the initial condition for the fine resolution nested grid Orissa model. However, the feedback from the Orissa model does not affect the head bay model as the study provides a one-way interaction. Numerical experiments are performed to study the tide-surge interaction by considering various relative phases of the tidal waves with the surge-wave produced by 1999 Orissa cyclone. The comparison, although utilizing only the limited estimates of tidal data, appears adequate to assert that the principal features are reproduced correctly.     

关于下蜀组沉积初期自然环境面貌的初步推断

下蜀组在长江下游分布很广,与农副业生产关系密切,是许多大型工程建筑的地基持力层。虽然几十年来许多地层古生物学工作者做了大量的研究,使之成为晚新生界的典型层位,但对其成因和代表的环境等尚存在分歧看法。本文讨论一例五十年代可能发现于下蜀组底部的、近年来生境研究得十分清楚的生物化石,认为下蜀组沉积初期的环境可能是温湿、低平、多水域的,沉积成因类型可能是水成的。在生物证据不多的情况下,哪怕增加一点点说明问题的生物线索都显得异常珍贵,因为往往生物反映的环境面貌比较地全面和具体。     

雷州半岛灯楼角热带海岸的景观生态分类

海岸景观由于其边缘效应而具有较高的生产力和生物多样性水平,尤其是本区的热带海岸景观,由于发育有我国大陆唯一的珊瑚礁而显独特。本文根据景观生态学的分类方法,将灯楼角热带海岸景观生态划分为3大类（自然景观、经营景观和人工景观）24亚类,并揭示了本区的景观生态系统的等级和景观的演变与时空分布;由陆向海方向上依次出现陆地景观、海岸景观和沿岸浅海景观,而区域自然景观的出现时间序列上,则是陆地景观、沿岸线海景观和海岸景观。     

江苏潮滩沉积物激光粒度仪与移液管-筛析分析结果的对比

激光粒度仪的广泛应用带来了与历史数据的对比问题,因此需要建立激光粒度仪与早期分析结果之间的关系。根据江苏海岸潮滩沉积物样品的激光粒度仪和移液管-筛析法分析,对粒度参数、粒度组分等进行了对比,对两种方法的差异进行了分析。结果表明,对于江苏潮滩沉积物粒度参数中平均粒径的激光粒度仪与移液管-筛析分析结果之间有良好的线性关系;筛分法测得的粗颗粒物质较激光法偏少,而移液管法法测得的细颗粒物质较激光法偏多;将样品分类之后再进行两种方法所获粒度参数的回归分析,相关性得以提高,说明不同粒度组成的沉积物对分析结果的对比有不同的影响。两种方法之间的换算关系不仅与研究区域有关,而且与沉积物本身的粒度组成有关。     

矿山滑坡天线阵列变形监测系统的方案与测试

首先阐明地质灾害监测的重要性和必要性,然后分析了目前应用于滑坡安全监测自动化远程监测设备和技术,并重点介绍了GPS天线阵列变形监测系统,接着根据某矿山的一个滑坡现场,进行GPS天线阵列监测方案设计,并在实地进行数据采集测试,最后对采集数据进行处理,对几期结果的较差和精度进行分析,得出在矿山自动化监测技术中,GPS天线阵列变形监测系统是一种性价比很高的监测技术,很适合滑坡安全监测。