A case study of long-term field performance of check-dams in mitigation of soil erosion in Jiangjia stream,China

This paper examines the long-term field performance of the check-dams in mitigation of soil erosion in the Duozhao catchment of Jiangjia stream, southwest China. Since their construction between 1979 and 1982, the check-dams have been functioning effectively. The examination is made via comparisons between the environmental conditions of the Duozhao catchment with its adjacent Menqian catchment in the stream, because no check dams were constructed in the Menqian catchment. The examination is based on recent field investigations and aerial photograph analyses, and covers four aspects: (a) bed gradients of catchment channels; (b) stability of bank slopes; (c) rates of land erosion; and (d) vegetations on bank slopes. The field data demonstrate that the check-dams have had the following good functions for mitigation of soil erosion: (1) restricting the channel depth and lateral erosions, (2) protecting the channel erosion base, (3) reducing the bed gradients of debris-flow channels, (4) fixing the channel bed, (5) stabilizing the bank slopes, as well as (6) facilitating the growth of vegetations. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Rates and mechanisms of discontinuous gully erosion in a red-brown earth catchment,new south wales,australia

Rainfall, runoff, sediment discharge, and gully expansion were measured for five years in a small (45 ha) catchment in central N.S.W. Sixty per cent of the sediment produced from this catchment originated from gully erosion. Gully head erosion was episodic depending on pipe development, cracking, and soil detachment during small runoff events which prepared the heads for rapid soil movement by the infrequent large event.     

泥石流流域生态经济分区及关键调控措施--以岷江上游干旱河谷区龙洞沟为例

从生态学的角度，把泥石流等山地灾害作为生态(自然)-社会-经济复合生态系统中一个特殊的组分——“灾害环境”来看待，由此对泥石流灾害防治的认识和措施体系也不是片面的、机械的“就灾论灾，就灾治灾”，而是认为：只有通过恢复和重建泥石流流域生态(自然)-社会-经济复合系统的稳定性、协调性和可持续发展方能实现泥石流灾害防治的长期目标，这较以往对泥石流的认识，赋予了更多的生态学内涵。将生态、经济功能分区方法用于泥石流流域的研究和治理中，并对划分的各生态、经济区提出了关键的生态调控措施和产业配置。     

滇东北蒋家沟粘性泥石流堆积地貌

据成因,把泥石流堆积地貌分为自然堆积地貌和人为堆积地貌。据堆积过程,把自然泥石流堆积地貌分为古泥石流台地、老泥石流台地和近代泥石流长柄扇。据建筑物引起的堆积形态,把人为堆积地貌分为泥石流堆积扇(锥)、回淤泥砾滩、侧积泥砾堤和堰塞洼地。     

The catastrophe forecast of the annual sidement transport by debris flow in Jiangjia Gully,Yunnan Province,China

On the basis of the observational data on the annual sediment transport by debris flow in recent 8 years, appling the catastrophe forecast method of Grey System Theory, this study has established the catastrophe model of the annual sediment transport by debris flow in Jiangjia Gully. It has forecasted the next potential catastrophic year in which the annual sediment transport will be over the catastrophic. threshold 2 million m3. Furthermore, it has introduced the "equal dimension-new information model", which makes the forecast be done continuously.     

昭通头寨沟特大型灾害性滑坡研究

昭通头寨沟滑坡具有启程剧动、行程高速、来势凶猛、破坏严重和灾害面广的特点。该滑坡是一个剧动式高速特大型岩质滑坡。本文分析了滑坡的成因和滑动的机制,根据滑坡运动后的残留痕迹和堆积地貌特征,认为头寨沟滑坡的运动方式和路径独具特点。通过对滑后斜坡稳定性的评价,说明滑坡部分残体仍有活动迹象,据此提出了滑坡的防治措施。     

河南卢氏县罗家沟泥石流灾害及其防治

通过对罗家沟地形地貌、暴雨特征、流域面积、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质条件、泥石流物源的调查与分析研究,针对该泥石流具有危险性高、流量大、流速缓的特点,结合受灾害对象及其分布区域与整体布局的关系,按照防治结合、因地制宜、重点突出的原则设置了以排为主、挡土墙、排导槽、防护堤加板涵的综合治理方案。     

贵州望谟县田坝沟泥石流灾害特征及防治建议

田坝沟是一条低频率泥石流沟,在2011年6月6日暴雨条件下暴发泥石流。文章着重分析其物源、地形和降雨条件,通过现场取样和断面截取,获得了流速、流量等参数,预测了田坝沟泥石流的未来活动趋势,并提出了相关的防治建议。     

基于DEM和水箱理论识别流域河网方法研究

本文应用水箱原理处理流域DEM数据中存在的洼地问题,提出流域河网识别及编码的新方法。首先,确定洼地网格,搜索洼地区域,计算洼地容量,根据水箱原理确定洼地出口,判断洼地的流向;然后,逐层合并消减洼地,修正洼地水流方向;最后,计算网格集水面积,进行河网识别和编码。本文结合云南东川蒋家沟流域的DEM资料进行河网识别,得到了完整的流域河网,结果与实际勘测的河网完全吻合,这表明应用该方法提取流域河网是可行的,能够为进一步的分布式水文、泥石流、环境模型提供条件。     

基于DEM的单位汇水面积尺度转换(英文)

Specific Catchment Area (SCA) is defined as the upstream catchment area of a unit contour. As one of the key terrain parameters, it is widely used in the modeling of hydrology, soil erosion and ecological environment. However, SCA value changes significantly at different DEM resolutions, which inevitably affect terrain analysis results. SCA can be described as the ratio of Catchment Area (CA) and DEM grid length. In this paper, the scale effect of CA is firstly investigated. With Jiuyuangou Gully, a watershed about 70 km2 in northern Shaanxi Province of China, as the test area, it is found that the impacts of DEM scale on CA are different in spatial distribution. CA value in upslope location becomes bigger with the decrease of the DEM resolution. When the location is close to downstream areas the impact of DEM scale on CA is gradually weakening. The scale effect of CA can be concluded as a mathematic trend of exponential decline. Then, a downscaling model of SCA is put forward by introducing the scale factor and the location factor. The scaling model can realize the conversion of SCA value from a coarse DEM resolution to a finer one at pixel level. Experiment results show that the downscaled SCA was well revised, and consistent with SCA at the target resolution with respect to the statistical indexes, histogram and spatial distribution. With the advantages of no empirical parameters, the scaling model could be considered as a simple and objective model for SCA scaling in a rugged drainage area.