PROCESSES OF HEADCUT GROWTH AND MIGRATION IN RILLS AND GULLIES

lINTRoDUCTIONHeadcuterosionwithinrills,ephemeralguIlies,classicgullies,andstreamscausesseriousenvironmentalproblems.Headcuterosionacceleratesthelossoftopsoilanddecreasestheproductivityofagriculturallands.Erodedsedimentsoftenendupinreceivingstreams,causingwaterqualityproblemsandnegativelyimpactingbioIogicalprocesses.Inadditiontolandscapedegradation,gulliesarethedominantformofdamagetoearthspillways.lfagullycanmovethroughanearthspillwayandbreachthecrestofadam,thentheimpoundedfloodwaterswiI1…     

四川金川八步里沟沟谷地貌与泥石流

八步里沟流域内有4200—4300米,3700—3800米和 3000—3200米三级夷平面,沟口至八角有五级河流阶地。主沟北岸占流域面积的1/3,南岸占2/3。这种沟谷地貌特点经历了约200多万年的发展历史。自然历史上的泥石流比现代规模要大。八步里沟泥石流综合防治工程的完成并不意味着和泥石流作斗争的事业结束,效益观测和维修养护工作必须制度化,方能长久运用,发挥效益。     

A SIMPLE DEVICE TO MONITOR SEDIMENT YIELD FROM GULLY EROSION

1INTRODUCTION Gully erosion has been investigated by many researchers throughout the world.Their studies have focused on how the process evolves and on a better understanding of the sub-processes that take place in gully erosion(Small and Clark,1982;Morgan,1986;Hasset and Banwart,1992;Boardman and Favis-Mortlock,1993;Selby,1993;Goudie and Viles,1997;Guerra and Favis-Mortlock,1998;Favis-Mortlock and Guerra,1999,2000;Figueiredo,2003;Garcia and Guerra,2003).Soil properties,rainfall re…     

Medium-term effects of afforestation on sediment dynamics in a water supply catchment: A mineral magnetic interpretation of reservoir deposits in the macclesfield forest,N.W. England

Short term increases in stream sediment loads during pre-afforestation ground preparation have often been followed by a return to low sediment loads. However, in the Macclesfield Forest in the southern Pennines, comparison of the magnetic characteristics of soils and downstream reservoir deposits suggest that significant changes in the processes of soil erosion occur later in the cycle of forest management at the time of canopy closure. A preliminary magnetic mixing model indicates that the proportion of reservoir sediments derived from the subsoil (below 0·3 m depth) has increased from 30 to 70 per cent between 1929 and 1981. Changes in hydraulic stresses subsequent to road construction and forest development, in association with unstable Pleistocene deposits, may provide an explanation for these events.     

蒋家沟高含沙水流泥沙特性与泥石流滩地的改良

蒋家沟流水含沙量极为丰富,浑水期含沙量为23 1～335 1kg/m3。含沙水流泥沙颗粒主要集中在<0 02mm范围内,含量为73 07%～86 58%;微团聚体主要分布在0 02～0 002mm,含量为54 13%～80 08%;泥沙养分除全钾极丰富外,其它养分含量处于缺乏或极缺乏状态。含沙水流泥沙对滩地土壤物理结构、剖面结构、微团聚体数量及组成比例改善作用显著,但对土壤养分改良效果较差。在引浑停淤改良滩地的同时,应增施有机肥,实施配方施肥,改良耕作措施,防止滩地土壤出现板结、瘦地等不良现象。     

汶川地震后四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟泥石流灾害调查研究

在2008年5月12日汶川地震后的地震灾区暴发了许多泥石流灾害,其中以四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟泥石流最为显著。文家沟原来不是泥石流沟,在汶川地震时由于滑坡形成的巨大的滑坡-碎屑流堆积体改变了文家沟的泥石流形成条件,在此后的3个雨季内,文家沟先后暴发了5次大规模和特大规模的泥石流灾害,其中以8 13文家沟泥石流规模和危害最大。8 13文家沟泥石流暴发时的总降雨量为227mm,泥石流持续时间约2.5h,泥石流总量约310104m3; 泥石流造成7人死亡, 5人失踪, 39人受伤, 479户农房被掩埋,直接经济损失4.3亿元。5次大规模和特大规模的泥石流以及洪水仅带走了16%的可以很容易形成泥石流的滑坡-碎屑流堆积物,文家沟如再遭遇较大降雨还会暴发泥石流。即使在今后的雨季中暴发几次规模如8 13泥石流一样大的特大规模泥石流,文家沟在较大降雨下仍然可能暴发泥石流灾害,因此对文家沟泥石流的防治工作将是一个长期的工作。