汕头试验井地面与井下环境地噪声对比测试分析

试验井位于汕头市衡山路,观测系统为井下宽频地震计TBG-60B和地面宽频带地震计TDV-60B,频带为60S~50 Hz,选取的地面观测数据与对应的井下观测数据都是同一时间的,使用童汪练研究员的地噪声分析软件和MATLAB绘图工具,研究台站环境地噪声随观测井深度的变化特征,得到井深与观测地噪声之间的对比关系,为井下地震台站勘选和工程建设提供基础数据。发现地噪声水平从覆盖层进入到基岩有很大变化,从强风化层进入到中微风化层也有明显变化,考虑钻井建设成本和台站建设地噪声水平要求之间的综合效益,在粤东地区典型的地质结构条件,较佳的平衡点应该是至少需要进入完整中微风化层基岩10 m。     

The bubbles or the boiling pot? An ecosystemic approach to culture,environment and quality of life

For the diagnosis and prognosis of the problems of quality of life, a multidisciplinary ecosystemic approach encompasses four dimensions of being-in-the-world, as donors and recipients: intimate, interactive, social and biophysical. Social, cultural and environmental vulnerabilities are understood and dealt with, in different circumstances of space and time, as the conjugated effect of all dimensions of being-in-the-world, as they induce the events (deficits and assets), cope with consequences (desired or undesired) and contribute for change. Instead of fragmented and reduced representations of reality, diagnosis and prognosis of cultural, educational, environmental and health problems considers the connections (assets) and ruptures (deficits) between the different dimensions, providing a planning model to develop and evaluate research, teaching programmes, public policies and field projects. The methodology is participatory, experiential and reflexive; heuristic-hermeneutic processes unveil cultural and epistemic paradigms that orient subject-object relationships; giving people the opportunity to reflect on their own realities, engage in new experiences and find new ways to live better in a better world. The proposal is a creative model for thought and practice, providing many opportunities for discussion, debate and development of holistic projects integrating different scientific domains (social sciences, psychology, education, philosophy, etc.). Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

中国西北地区经济与生态环境协调发展现状研究

中国西北地区(陕、甘、宁、青、新),深居中国内陆,生态环境恶劣,经济发展落后,其町持续发展状况受人关注。而可持续发展状况主要是区域经济发展与生态环境的协调问题,在西北地区环境——经济复合系统指标体系构建的基础上,利用科学、客观的因子分析方法确定出指标体系中各项经济、环境指标因素的权重：然后,利用模糊隶属度函数对西北地区各经济、环境指标的原始数据进行无量纲量化处理,得到各评价指标的隶属度值;最后,引入经济、环境协调度和协调发展度模型,对西北五省区的经济发展与生态环境协调状况进行定量模拟．分析,得出：新疆维吾尔自治区与青海省均属于中级协调发展类环境滞后型区域,陕西省属于勉强协调发展类环境滞后型区域,甘肃省属于濒临失调衰退类环境损益型区域,宁夏回族自治区属于严重失调衰退类环境损益型区域。     

Mineral constituents in common chanterelles and soils collected from a high mountain and lowland sites in Poland

This paper reported the results of the determination of Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr and Zn in Common Chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius) Fr. and surface soil layer (0-10 cm) underneath the fruiting bodies. Mushrooms and soils were collected from a lowland site in the Hel Peninsula (Baltic Sea coast) and a high mountain site in the Tatra Mountains. The trace elements were determined using validated method and inductively coupled plasma - atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). Common Chanterelles that emerged at sites poor in mineral nutrients podzols of the Hel Peninsula forests efficiently bioconcentrated several essential trace elements (K, P, Co, Cu, Mn, Na, Zn), while the abundance of those elements in carpophores was around half less compared to specimens from Zakopane region and which emerged in soils much richer in minerals. Common Chanterelles collected at two spatially distant background areas in Poland were only weakly contaminated with metals such as Ag, Cd, Hg and Pb. The maximum tolerable Cd and Pb contents of certain cultivated mushrooms are regulated in the European Union by law and these hazardous metals in C. cibarius were far below tolerance limits set.     

基于遥感影像的于田绿洲空间热环境分布特征

以新疆于田绿洲为例,以Landsat TM/ETM+为基础数据源,利用空间分析方法、3S技术方法等定量分析于田绿洲平均温度的分布特征,得出地表温度受下垫面类型的影响比较明显,地表土地类型的分布基本决定地温的总体分布;通过对温度相异图的研究,发现温度的分布同时也受到不同土地利用类型空间分布的影响;对克里雅河下游河段进行温度变化的趋势分析,得出在南北方向上,没有温度变化趋势,而在东西方向上,温度变化比较明显。同时也说明克里雅河对其河道两边的影响范围十分有限。     

山地环境系统研究新框架

20世纪80年代,地球系统科学概念开始出现,同时期全球变化研究迅速展开,可持续发展理念提出并获得广泛认同,这些都为山地环境系统研究提供了新的发展契机.当前,全球山地环境系统研究面临两大问题:山地环境变化和山区发展挑战.国际上围绕山地环境系统研究,逐渐形成若干清晰的主题,包括山地构造地貌和山地气候地貌,山地灾害在山地环境演化过程中的作用,山地(及流域)环境系统生物地球化学循环,山地全球变化和人类活动的影响与适应等.对于我国山地研究来说,核心科学问题是:我国山地环境系统是如何响应不同时间尺度全球变化和日益加剧的人类活动的影响?在此背景下如何构筑我国山区可持续发展的根本战略和支撑战略?对此核心问题的全面深入研究,将有望使我国山地环境研究水平提高到一个新的更高层次,并占据国际山地研究领域中不可替代的重要位置.为此,我们提出,以我国山地环境大断面研究为抓手,以梯度格局、系统关联和区域差异等为研究切入点,在山地环境系统的格局、干扰、过程、响应和适应研究等方面有所突破,促成我国山地环境系统研究新框架的形成,为世界山地研究做出我们应有的贡献.     

上海地区第四承压含水层沉积环境及结构特征

上海地区第四承压含水层是地下水开发利用的主要层次,对其沉积环境、成因、结构特征进行深入研究有利于更好地开展地下水资源开发利用及地质环境保护工作.本文在对上海地区大量钻孔资料深入分析的基础上,对第四承压含水层形成时期即早更新世中、晚期沉积环境及含水层的成因进行了深入剖析,对含水层结构特征进行了详细刻画,为三维地质结构的建立奠定了基础.     

西天山阿吾拉勒一带侏罗纪生物组合和沉积环境

西天山阿吾拉勒一带侏罗系地层根据其岩石组合、生物组合面貌等特征,可分为下侏罗统八道湾组（J1b）、下侏罗统三工河组（J1s）和中侏罗统的西山窑组（J2x）,并在此基础上对侏罗纪地层的沉积环境进行分析,其为大陆裂谷衰亡之后河湖相沉积环境。     

Environmental commitments in different types of democracies: The role of liberal,social-liberal,and deliberative politics

Since a more substantial recognition of environmental degradation in the 1960s, the scholarly community has looked at democracy with mixed feelings. Some assert that democracy is devastating for the environmental performance, some claim the opposite, while others suggest that certain democratic models are more successful than others in paving the way for sustainability. Both political theorists and empirical scholars add fuel to this debate, and neither has settled the argument yet. In this paper we make use of recently collected data from the Varieties of Democracy project on different conceptions of democracy and address both these literatures. We empirically test whether different features of democracies, i.e., liberal in its thinner understanding, social-liberal, and deliberative, are more or less beneficial for environmental commitments. We investigate which of these features make democracies more prone to produce environmental policy outputs – adopt climate laws, deliver on them, develop stringent environmental policies, and incorporate sustainability into economic policies. We find that democracies with stronger deliberative features adopt more, but not necessarily stricter or more effective, environmental policies. Instead, democracies with stronger social-liberal features adopt both stricter and more effective policies.