A Review of Research and Development of Wind Energy in Turkey

During the end of the 20^th and the beginning of the 21^st centuries, interest has risen in new and renewable energy sources, and especially wind energy for electricity generation. In a short time, wind energy has been welcomed by society, industry and politicians as a clean, practical, economical and environmentally friendly alternative to existing fossil fuels. As a result of extensive studies on this topic, wind energy has recently been applied in various industries, and has started to compete with other energy resources. Wind energy applications and turbine installations at different scales have increased since the beginning of this millennium. Technically installed wind turbines capacity factors have high values in most areas of Turkey. It is seen that, in general, the modeling of wind speed and its parameters have been studied and researched rather than wind power technological development in Turkey. Wind investors had doubts about uncertainties in the renewable energy policies. After May 2007, an energy efficiency law was accepted and 10 years of electricity generation by renewable sources is considered as guaranteed by the Turkish government. The installed wind power has reached 131.35 MW in Turkey and it is expected that this value will be increased to 808.81 MW by the end of 2008. The dependence of strong technological and economical development on Turkey's energy needs have increased and new national or international sources have to be taken into account for the energy sector of the country. It is clear that this source gap could be filled by using the high potential of wind power, which is estimated at 58 GW. It is expected that installed wind power to supply up to 5% of electricity consumption by 2015 and for the end of 2008 this ratio will increase to 2% (it is currently ca. 1.0%). However, unexpected and unpredicted wind power applications have occurred on November 1^st, 2007 in Turkey. It has been announced that 78,000.00 MW wind power investments have been applied by the Energy Market Regulatory Authority (EMRA). This is a new era for the Turkish energy sector and there is no model for this new situation. Therefore, in this paper, wind energy in Turkey is reviewed and opened up for further discussion.     

金融危机背景下集美、杏林台商投资区制造业策略探讨——基于结构调整和布局优化视角

将集美、杏林台商投资区制造业置于区域发展的大背景中,利用经济普查资料、访谈资料、统计年鉴、现场调查资料归纳总结制造业产业结构发展现状及空间格局,并结合龙头企业的发展现状,从增强产业根植性和网络化的角度阐释潜在的优势产业链及其发展前景。利用GIS的空间分析功能,分析企业行业类别和土地经济产出的空间格局。在此基础上,提出调整产业结构、提升产业价值链的地位和优化空间布局,增强制造业发展后劲等因应金融危机的发展策略。     

京九铁路沿线地区投资环境的改善与区域发展研究

概要地分析了京九铁路对沿线地区影响的可能表现,分析了该地区形成中的三大黄金地段潜在的良好发展前景,对沿线地区地位突出的１６个城市的投资环境进行了综合评价,对其发展前景进行了预测。最后就如何进一步改善投资环境,发挥京九大动脉的作用,加速沿线地区发展提出了建议。     

Power and the hierarchy of knowledge: A review of a decade of the World Bank’s relationship with South Africa

This article presents a case study of the World Bank’s relationship with South Africa to argue that the Bank uses its knowledge brokering role as a device to facilitate the development of a lending relationship with countries that may initially be reluctant to enter into this kind of engagement. This article reviews the World Bank’s 10-year effort to develop a lending relationship with South Africa. The Bank inserted itself into the country in the early 1990s at the outset of its democratic transformation. Throughout the decade, South Africa acceded to the Bank’s policy interventions through technical assistance rather than through a concerted lending programme. In doing so, South Africa internalized the Bank’s market-driven political economy framework underlying its technical assistance programme. The country’s application of the Bank’s knowledge has had questionable outcomes for its development agenda. While the Bank’s ‘expert’ interventions may have offered valuable technical insights, it neglected the politics of distribution that are embedded in a more localized knowledge formation process. The result has led to the instrumentalization of local governance and undermined the engagement of civil society actors in the construction of a democratic state at the local level.     

中国外商旅游饭店业投资的空间动态差异与驱动要素解析

旅游饭店作为中国旅游业对外开放的最前沿,一直以来是外商资本配置、汇集和流动较为活跃的领域。外商资本的进入将中国旅游业联接到世界金融体系的同时,随着中国对外开放的深入,其吸引外资的环境也发生了巨大变化,必然导致外商资本在华投资空间格局的演变。研究对1991-2014年中国31省域外商旅游饭店业投资及社会经济面板数据进行分析,发现期间外商投资的空间差异呈整体缩小趋势,并随经济、人口和消费格局演化,其标准椭圆重心向北偏移,且在不同尺度上受对外政策、经济差异、资源条件等要素作用范围影响,空间差异的形成机制与过程差异明显。继而,引入管理学“钻石模型”构建了解释引起这一差异的评价体系,定量化分析了省域旅游饭店业产业环境与市场条件对外商资本空间流动方向、规模和效益所发挥的主导作用。最后,结合当前“一带一路”与“走出去”的战略需求,总结了外商在华旅游饭店业投资空间差异对全球化背景下中国引导外资进入和开展海外旅游投资的启示,并就复杂科学发展背景下旅游地理学发展进行了讨论。     

韩国对外直接投资的区位选择

本文通过对韩国对外直接投资区位选择的战略、影响因素、变化历程方面的分析，总结出韩国对外直接投资区位选择的总体特征和经验，并为我国对外直接投资区位选择提出借鉴意见。     

全球矿业投资环境的最新评价——从弗雷泽一年一度的世界主要矿业公司投资意向评价调查结果看全球矿业投资环境的最新态势

2014年3月加拿大弗雷泽研究所再次发布一年一度的世界主要矿业公司的投资意向评价调查结果。矿业投资环境较好的国家或地区仍集中在美、加、澳和北欧地区。亚、非、拉国家由于矿业政策环境较差而落后于上述地区,三地中非洲较好,拉美次之,亚太较差。     

南美主要国家矿业投资环境综合评述

本文主要从政治、经济、基础设施、法律、社会文化5个方面对南美主要矿业国家的矿业投资环境进行综合评述,分析矿业资源优势与投资影响因素,对境外矿业投资企业提供参考。     

Scaling struggles over land and law: Autonomy,investment, and interlegality in Myanmar’s borderlands

This article explores the relevance of spatial global legal pluralism—an emerging field at the interstices of geography, anthropology, and socio-legal studies—for research on the global land rush, and the study of land law and investment in particular. I argue that a focus on the spatial dimensions of law—coupled with attention to the interlegality, scalar politics, and spatio-temporalities of semi-autonomous law—offers important insights into the dynamic forces, actors, and stakes in the global land rush. In Myanmar, the prospects for peace—however tenuous—have led to an acceleration of land law development including the creation of ‘semi-autonomous land law’ by ethnic armed groups and activists in its borderlands. I discuss the ways in which such policies not only anticipate peace but seek to shape its political-economy over multiple spatio-temporalities. By recognizing both international human rights law and customary law, such ‘non-state’ laws bring these two scales into an intermediary legal jurisdiction, contributing to the sedimentation of Kawthoolei and Kachinland as political scales in their own right.