活动断裂的遥感影像研究

本文以遥感信息作为研究活动断裂的依据，探讨了利用不同种类、不同比例尺遥感图像分析活动断裂的方法、程序和效果。     

Karst subzone division in vertical cycle zone and its significance

Vertical cycle karst zone has been studied for more than 100 years, however karst subzones in the zone have never been divided and affected depth of CO2 from rainwater in the zone has never been studied. On the basis of field observation, survey and chemical analysis, the difference of karst processes indicated by CaCO3and pH values in fine and loose sedimentary strata as well as limestone strata, and the vertical cycle zone ascertained by predecessors can be divided into three subzones, that is, the upper first subzone, characterized by unsaturated water solution and strong dissolution processes, the middle second subzone, characterized by supersaturated water solution and precipitation, and the lower third subzone, characterized by unstable water solution and weak dissolution or weak precipitation. The three subzones can indicate the vertical co2 cycle. In fine and loose sediment strata, the bottom of the first subzone is the lower boundary strongly influenced by co2 from rainwater, soil and air; all co2 from rainwater, soil and air is almost exhausted in the second subzone. In the early developmental period of karst process in limestone strata, karst funnels and vertical caves do not form, vertical seeping of rainwater and soil water is very slow, and co2 from soil, rainwater and air almost can reach the third subzone, but in the middle and late developmental periods, karst funnels and vertical caves occur, co2 from soil, rainwater and air can reach deep seasonal change zone and horizontal cycle zone and quicken development of karst morphology. Deep karst morphology near groundwater level under vertical cycle zone develops better in the middle and late periods of karst process.     

大地电磁技术测定的准噶尔盆地乌伦古坳陷至北隆起带石炭系及油气前景分析

【研究目的】 本文以准噶尔盆地乌伦古坳陷至乌伦古北隆起带为研究区,研究石炭纪地层沉积、分布特征,为该区地质结构研究和油气勘查工作提供了依据和参考。【研究方法】 采集大地电磁测深数据,结合以往重磁电震资料,采用二维共轭梯度反演、最优化电性分层等技术获取石炭纪地层、断裂构造展布特征,为火成岩覆盖区研究石炭纪地层提供了有效的方法。【研究结果】 利用大地电磁测深技术结合重磁电震资料开展综合处理分析,获得研究区石炭系厚度图、石炭系埋深图,初步确定了上下石炭统的分界面,查明了石炭纪地层的分布特征,索索泉凹陷、福海坳陷和扎河坝坳陷为3个石炭纪地层沉降中心,具有较好的油气勘查前景。【结论】 在火成岩覆盖区,采用大地电磁测深、重磁电震综合处理解释技术为石炭纪地层研究提供了有效的技术支撑。     

The Black Sea basins structure and history: New model based on new deep penetration regional seismic data. Part 1: Basins structure and fill

This work is based upon results of interpretation of about 8872 km-long regional seismic lines acquired in 2011 within the international project Geology Without Limits in the Black Sea. The seismic lines cover nearly the entire Black Sea Basins, including Russia, Turkey, Ukraine, Romania and Bulgaria sectors. A new map of acoustic basement relief and a new tectonic structure scheme are constructed for the Black Sea Basins. The basement of the Black Sea includes areas with oceanic crust and areas with highly rifted continental crust. A chain of buried seamounts, which were interpreted as submarine volcanoes of Late Cretaceous (Santonian to Campanian) age, has been identified to the north of the Turkish coast. On the Shatsky Ridge, probable volcanoes of Albian age have also been recognized. Synorogenic turbidite sequences of Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene ages have been mapped. In the Cenozoic, numerous compressional and transpressional structures were formed in different parts of the Black Sea Basin. During the Pleistocene–Quaternary, turbidites, mass-transport deposits and leveed channels were formed in the distal part of the Danube Delta.     

遥感技术在松潘县第二次土地调查中的应用

本文以1：10000标准分幅数字正射影像图（DOM）为载体,结合松潘县的地形地貌特征、植被分布规律和经济状况等数据,1：50000更新调查成果图,1：100000地形图,包括省、市、县等各级境界与乡、村等土地权属界线,以及土地利用现状数字线画图（LUDLG）为参考,采用内业解译和外业核实、补充调查相结合的方法,探讨与分析了影像解译过程中出现问题及所采取的思路与解决办法。     

垂直循环带内岩溶亚带的划分

1 Introduction On the basis of flowing direction and characteristics of karst processes, four basic vertical karst zones were divided long ago, namely, vertical cycle zone, seasonal alternative cycle zone, horizontal cycle zone and deep cycle zone (Yang e…     

A rock physics model to map gross lithology using compaction

Differential compaction has long been used by seismic interpreters to infer subsurface geology using knowledge of the relative compaction of different types of sediments. We outline a method to infer the gross fraction of shale in an interval between two seismic horizons using sandstone and shale compaction laws. A key component of the method involves reconstruction of a smooth depositional horizon by interpolating decompacted thicknesses from well control. We derive analytic formulae for decompaction calculations using known porosity–stress relations and do not employ discrete layer iterative methods; these formulae were found to depend not only upon the gross fraction of shale but also on the clay content of the shales and the thickness of the interval. The relative merits of several interpolation options were explored, and found to depend upon the structural setting. The method was successfully applied to an oil sands project in Alberta, Canada.     

A comparison of seismic saltbody interpretation via neural networks at sample and pattern levels

Saltbodies are important subsurface structures that have significant implications for hydrocarbon accumulation and sealing in petroleum reservoirs, and accurate saltbody imaging and delineation is now greatly facilitated with the availability of three-dimensional seismic surveying. However, with the growing demand for larger survey coverage and higher imaging resolution, the size of seismic data is increasing dramatically. Correspondingly, manual saltbody interpretation fails to offer an efficient solution, particularly in exploration areas of complicated salt intrusion history. Recently, artificial intelligence is attracting great attention from geoscientists who desire to utilize the popular machine learning technologies for evolving the interpretational tools capable of mimicking an experienced interpreter's intelligence. This study first implements two popular machine learning tools, the multi-layer perceptron and the convolutional neural network, for delineating seismic saltbodies at sample and pattern levels, respectively, then compares their performance through applications to the synthetic SEAM seismic volume, and moreover tentatively investigates what contributes to the better convolutional neural network delineation. Specifically, the multi-layer perceptron scheme is capable of efficiently utilizing an interpreter's knowledge by selecting, pre-conditioning and integrating a set of seismic attributes that best highlight the target saltbodies, whereas the convolutional neural network scheme makes it possible for saltbody delineation directly from seismic amplitude and thus significantly reduces the dependency on attribute selection from interpreters. It is concluded that the better performance from the convolutional neural network scheme results from two factors. First, the convolutional neural network builds the mapping relationship between the seismic signals and the saltbodies using the original seismic amplitude instead of manually selected seismic attributes, so that the negative impact of using less representative attributes is virtually eliminated. Second and more importantly, the convolutional neural network defines, learns and identifies the saltbodies by utilizing local seismic reflection patterns, so that the seismic noises and processing artefacts of distinct patterns are effectively identified and excluded.     

Marine transient electromagnetic sounding of deep buried hydrocarbon reservoirs: principles,methodologies and limitations

The possibility of a time‐domain electromagnetic sounding method using excitation and measurement of vertical electric fields to search for and identify deeply buried reservoirs of hydrocarbons offshore is investigated. The method operates on source–receiver offsets, which are several times less than the depth of the reservoir. Geoelectric information is obtained from the transient responses recorded in the pauses between the pulses of electric current in the absence of the source field. The basics of the method, as well as its sensitivity, resolution, and the highest accessible depth of soundings for various geological conditions in a wide range of sea depths, are analyzed. For the analysis, 1D and 3D geoelectric models of hydrocarbon reservoirs are used. It is shown that under existing technologies of excitation and measurement of vertical electric fields, the highest accessible depth of soundings can be up to 4 km. Technology for the inversion and interpretation of transient responses is demonstrated on experimental data.