基于网络海洋气象信息释用系统研究

随着海洋、气象以及通信技术的不断发展,每天都可以收到极其大量的海洋气象信息,面对浩瀚的信息,如何快速获取有用的结果成为新的问题。为了海军实际应用、教学和研究的需要,在海军大连舰艇学院军事海洋学科网站上建立了军用海洋气象信息释用系统,将无法直接使用的原始资料转换为可以直接使用的信息,根据海军实际应用、教学和科研对海洋气象信息的需求将有用的资料提取出来,并在网页上列出,上网就可浏览。同时,整理存放历史资料,便于电子检索。     

西藏四江流域生态环境遥感解译标志的建立及应用

在充分掌握四江流域自然地理特征的基础之上,通过对四江流域地区的TM影像和相关资料的对比,采用事先建立好的分类系统建立了12个生态环境类型的解译标志并提取了相关信息,为在四江流域及藏东南地区的生态环境或土地资源遥感调查提供依据。     

云南元阳—马关地区布格重力异常及其找矿意义

评细研究区布格重力局部异常后认为:元阳哈播为金、铜、铅锌找矿有利地段,金平-新安里为金、铅锌、铜、钼多金属找矿地段,个旧老厂为锡多金属矿成矿有利部位,薄竹山为钨、银铅锌找矿区,而马关老君山为钨、铜、铅锌多金属矿有利地段。     

新疆伊宁县塔乌尔别克金矿地质特征及找矿标志

塔乌尔别克金矿赋存于下石炭统大哈拉军山组一套酸性—中酸性火山碎屑岩—熔岩建造中,矿体产出严格受断裂构造控制。矿体呈脉状、透镜状,倾角50°~70°。矿石以蚀变破碎安山岩型、斑岩型、含金隐爆角砾岩型和含金石英(方解石)脉型为主。成因与古火山机构、次火山岩有密切关系。一定的层位、断裂交会处、隐爆角砾岩及典型的蚀变为主要找矿标志。     

Increasing illumination and sensitivity of reverse‐time migration with internal multiples

Reverse‐time migration is a two‐way time‐domain finite‐frequency technique that accurately handles the propagation of complex scattered waves and produces a band‐limited representation of the subsurface structure that is conventionally assumed to be linear in the contrasts in model parameters. Because of this underlying linear single‐scattering assumption, most implementations of this method do not satisfy the energy conservation principle and do not optimally use illumination and model sensitivity of multiply scattered waves. Migrating multiply scattered waves requires preserving the non‐linear relation between the image and perturbation of model parameters. I modify the extrapolation of source and receiver wavefields to more accurately handle multiply scattered waves. I extend the concept of the imaging condition in order to map into the subsurface structurally coherent seismic events that correspond to the interaction of both singly and multiply scattered waves. This results in an imaging process referred to here as non‐linear reverse‐time migration. It includes a strategy that analyses separated contributions of singly and multiply scattered waves to a final non‐linear image. The goal is to provide a tool suitable for seismic interpretation and potentially migration velocity analysis that benefits from increased illumination and sensitivity from multiply scattered seismic waves. It is noteworthy that this method can migrate internal multiples, a clear advantage for imaging challenging complex subsurface features, e.g., in salt and basalt environments. The results of synthetic seismic imaging experiments, including a subsalt imaging example, illustrate the technique.     

Diffraction imaging of sub‐vertical fractures and karst with full‐resolution 3D Ground‐Penetrating Radar

Vertical fractures with openings of less than one centimetre and irregular karst cause abundant diffractions in Ground‐Penetrating Radar (GPR) records. GPR data acquired with half‐wavelength trace spacing are uninterpretable as they are dominated by spatially undersampled scattered energy. To evaluate the potential of high‐density 3D GPR diffraction imaging a 200 MHz survey with less than a quarter wavelength grid spacing (0.05 m × 0.1 m) was acquired at a fractured and karstified limestone quarry near the village of Cassis in Southern France. After 3D migration processing, diffraction apices line up in sub‐vertical fracture planes and cluster in locations of karstic dissolution features. The majority of karst is developed at intersections of two or more fractures and is limited in depth by a stratigraphic boundary. Such high‐resolution 3D GPR imaging offers an unprecedented internal view of a complex fractured carbonate reservoir model analogue. As seismic and GPR wave kinematics are similar, improvements in the imaging of steep fractures and irregular voids at the resolution limit can also be expected from high‐density seismic diffraction imaging.     

湖南崇阳坪地区沙溪钨矿床地质特征及找矿前景分析

沙溪钨矿床是近年来在崇阳坪地区新发现的一个产于中华山岩体接触带内的矿床,其资源量有望达大型规模。本文通过大量的野外资料,在现有勘查成果的基础上,对矿床的地质特征、矿化富集规律、找矿标志及找矿前景进行了分析研究,初步认为矿区钨矿化具有分段富集的现象,富集部位与含脉密度增大、云英岩化增强等部位吻合,且从地表浅部向深部,在一定程度上表现出细脉变多、矿化加强的趋势,已发现矿体深部很有可能存在厚大的钨矿体,找矿前景较好。     

Maximizing the information return from ground penetrating radar

Ground penetrating radar data is not always easy to acquire, and sometimes the acquisition may be constrained by equipment availability, weather, legal or logistical constraints, safety or access considerations. Examples of these include archaeological or geotechnical sites about to be excavated, contaminated lands undergoing remediation, hazardous areas such as unexploded ordnance lands or active volcanoes, and difficult to visit locations such as Antarctica or the surface of Mars. These situations may result in only one chance at acquiring data. Thus, the data need to be acquired, processed and modeled with the aim of maximizing the information return for the time, cost and hazard risked. This process begins by properly setting up the survey with the expectation of the site conditions but allowing for flexibility and serendipity in the unknown. Not only are radar data acquired, but also calibration, orientation, location and other required parameters describing the equipment and survey are recorded. All of these parameters are used in the processing and modeling of the data. The final results will be not just a radar image as a pseudo-cross-section, but a corrected geometric cross-section, interpreted electrical and magnetic properties of the ground, location, orientation, size and shape of subsurface objects, and composition of the ground and objects as inferred density, porosity, fluid saturation, and other relevant material occurrence properties.     

Estimating magnetic dike parameters using a non‐linear constrained inversion technique: an example from the Särna area,west central Sweden

In this paper, we describe a non‐linear constrained inversion technique for 2D interpretation of high resolution magnetic field data along flight lines using a simple dike model. We first estimate the strike direction of a quasi 2D structure based on the eigenvector corresponding to the minimum eigenvalue of the pseudogravity gradient tensor derived from gridded, low‐pass filtered magnetic field anomalies, assuming that the magnetization direction is known. Then the measured magnetic field can be transformed into the strike coordinate system and all magnetic dike parameters – horizontal position, depth to the top, dip angle, width and susceptibility contrast – can be estimated by non‐linear least squares inversion of the high resolution magnetic field data along the flight lines. We use the Levenberg‐Marquardt algorithm together with the trust‐region‐reflective method enabling users to define inequality constraints on model parameters such that the estimated parameters are always in a trust region. Assuming that the maximum of the calculated g_zz (vertical gradient of the pseudogravity field) is approximately located above the causative body, data points enclosed by a window, along the profile, centred at the maximum of g_zz are used in the inversion scheme for estimating the dike parameters. The size of the window is increased until it exceeds a predefined limit. Then the solution corresponding to the minimum data fit error is chosen as the most reliable one. Using synthetic data we study the effect of random noise and interfering sources on the estimated models and we apply our method to a new aeromagnetic data set from the Särna area, west central Sweden including constraints from laboratory measurements on rock samples from the area.     

Spectral decomposition and de‐noising via time‐frequency and space‐wavenumber reassignment

The reassignment method remaps the energy of each point in a time‐frequency spectrum to a new coordinate that is closer to the actual time‐frequency location. Two applications of the reassignment method are developed in this paper. We first describe time‐frequency reassignment as a tool for spectral decomposition. The reassignment method helps to generate more clear frequency slices of layers and therefore, it facilitates the interpretation of thin layers. The second application is to seismic data de‐noising. Through thresholding in the reassigned domain rather than in the Gabor domain, random noise is more easily attenuated since seismic events are more compactly represented with a relatively larger energy than the noise. A reconstruction process that permits the recovery of seismic data from a reassigned time‐frequency spectrum is developed. Two approaches of the reassignment method are used in this paper, one of which is referred to as the trace by trace time reassignment that is mainly used for seismic spectral decomposition and another that is the spatial reassignment that is mainly used for seismic de‐noising. Synthetic examples and two field data examples are used to test the proposed method. For comparison, the Gabor transform method, inversion‐based method and common deconvolution method are also used in the examples.