BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Portable Utopia: Glasgow and the United States 1820–1920. Bernard Aspinwall. Studies in Russian Historical Geography. James H. Bater and R. A. French, eds. Water and Sanitation: Economic and Sociological Perspectives. Peter G. Bourne, ed. Green Politics. Fritjof Capra and Charlene Spretnak. The Southern Cone: Realities of the Authoritarian State. César N. Caviedes. Women in Third World Development. Sue Ellen Charlton. Land Management: New Directions. David Chiddick and Alan Millington, eds. Geography and Ethnic Pluralism. Colin Clarke, David Ley, Ceri Peach, eds. Geomorphological Hazards in Los Angeles. R. U. Cooke. Regional Impacts of United States-Mexico Economic Relations. Alfonso Corona and Lay James Gibson. eds. Patterns of Jobs and Geographic Mobility. Torvald Gerger. Cities and Sickness: Health Care in Urban America. Ann Lennarson Greer and Scott Greer, eds. Neighborhoods: Their Place in Urban Life. Howard W. Hallman. Development and the Rural-Urban Divide. John Harriss and Mick Moore, eds. Patterns of Undocumented Migration: Mexico and the United States. Richard C. Jones, ed. Central Place Theory. Leslie J. King. The Geography of Western Europe: A Socio-economic Survey. Paul L. Knox. Regions and Resources: Strategies for Development. David T. Krisge, Daniel A. Seiver, Oliver S. Goldsmith and Michael J. Scott. Geography of Crowding and Human Response. A Study of Ahmedabad City. K. M. Kulkarni. Haciendo Pueblo. The Development of a Guadalajaran Suburb. Kathleen Logan. The Imperial Lion: Human Dimensions of Wildlife Management in Central Africa. Stewart A. Marks. Water in the Hispanic Southwest: A Social and Legal History, 1550–1850. Michael C. Meyer. Imlil: A Moroccan Mountain Community in Change. James A. Miller. Tourism in Canada: Selected Issues and Options. Peter E. Murphy, ed. David Harvey's Geography. John L. Paterson. Raster Scanning, Processing and Plotting of Cartographic Documents. Donna J. Peuquet and A. Raymond Boyle. The USSR and the Muslim World: Issues in Domestic and Foreign Policy. Yaacov Ro'i, ed. Environmental Perception and Behavior: An Inventory and Prospect. Thomas F. Saarinen, David Seamon, and James L. Sell. Incised channels, Morphology, Dynamics, and Control. Stanley A. Schumm, Michael D. Harvey, and Chester C. Watson. The Gap Between Rich and Poor: Contending Perspectives on the Political Economy of Development. Mitchell A. Seligson, ed. Twentieth-Century Richmond. Planning, Politics and Race. Christopher Silver. Land Conservation and Development: Examples of Land-Use Planning Projects and Programs. F. R. Steiner and H. N. van Lier, eds. Biogeography: Recent Advances and Future Directions. J. A. Taylor, ed. Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union. A. A. Velichko, ed. H. E. Wright, Jr. and C. W. Barnosky, eds.     

Black-legged kittiwakes as indicators of environmental change in the North Sea: Evidence from long-term studies

Top predators, particularly seabirds, have repeatedly been suggested as indicators of marine ecosystem status. One region currently under pressure from human fisheries and climate change is the North Sea. Standardized seabird monitoring data have been collected on the Isle of May, an important seabird colony in the northwestern North Sea, over the last 10-20 years. Over this period oceanographic conditions have varied markedly, and between 1990 and 1999 a major industrial fishery for sandlance (Ammodytes marinus), the main prey of most seabird species, was prosecuted nearby. Sandlance fishing grounds close to seabird colonies down the east coast of the UK were closed in 2000 in an attempt to improve foraging opportunities for breeding seabirds, particularly black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla). Initially this closure seemed to be beneficial for kittiwakes with breeding success recovering to pre-fishery levels. However, despite the ban continuing, kittiwakes and many other seabird species in the North Sea suffered severe breeding failures in 2004. In this paper, we test the predictive power of four previously established correlations between kittiwake breeding success and climatic/trophic variables to explain the observed breeding success at the Isle of May in 2004. During the breeding season, kittiwakes at this colony switch from feeding on 1+ group to 0 group sandlance, and results up until 2003 indicated that availability of both age classes had a positive effect on kittiwake breeding success. The low breeding success of kittiwakes in 2004 was consistent with the late appearance and small body size of 0 group sandlance, but at odds with the two variables likely to operate via 1 group availability (lagged winter sea surface temperature and larval sandlance cohort strength in 2003). The reason for the discrepancy is currently unknown, but analysis of 1 group sandlance body composition indicated that lipid content in 2004 was extremely low, and thus fish eaten by kittiwakes during pre-breeding and early incubation were likely to be of poor quality. Monitoring of reproductive success of kittiwakes, although useful, was clearly not sufficient to tease apart the complex causation underlying the 2004 event. Monitoring programs such as this, therefore, need to be complemented by detailed research to identify the mechanisms involved, and to attribute and predict the effects of natural and human-induced environmental change.     

黑龙江省地理国情普查成果应用于市县经济建设的研究

地理国情普查是我国一项重要的测绘地理信息工程,其目的在于摸清国情家底,并将成果应用服务于政府、企业和公众。黑龙江第二测绘工程院与宁安市人民政府建立战略合作伙伴关系,以全省第一次地理国情普查成果数据为基础制作了测绘地理信息成果图集等数据,有效地提高了地理国情数据的应用,能够更加直观地了解特定区域内的交通、水系、植被、居民地等分布情况,为宁安市的经济建设和社会发展合理决策提供了新依据。     

对地理国情普查预验收检验的再认识

第一次全国地理国情普查,围绕项目质量管理目标,首次将"预验收"的质量控制思路引入国家重大测绘工程项目。开展预验收检验,将质量控制工作前置,关口前移,为提升地理国情普查成果质量发挥了积极的促进作用,取得了许多宝贵的实施经验。笔者结合参与的地理国情普查预验收工作,总结分析了预验收检验的目的、技术流程、检验方式及实施效果,列举了预验收检验发现的主要质量问题,并以某一检验任务区为例,对比了预验收检验与验收检验的质量评价,结果表明:增设预验收检验的质量控制环节,使地理国情普查最终成果的质量水平显著提高。     

架空输电线路测量平断面图转换PLS-CADD格式实现及工程应用

介绍了PLS-CADD软件中测量平断面图模型及由PowerTL软件格式转换为PLS-CADD软件格式的实现方法,为测量专业人员使用PLS-CADD软件和开发相应的转换接口提供参考,同时结合具体的国外输电线路工程应用,强调了在应用中需要注意的问题,对自主软件与PLS-CADD接口的转换结合发挥最佳的工程效用进行了有益的探索。     

北京大学综合自然地理学研究的发展与贡献

北京大学的综合自然地理学缘起于1952年全国院系调整时在本校设置的自然地理学学科,在半个多世纪的发展历程中,经历了学科初创和完善等阶段,逐渐形成了面向学科前沿和国家需求的综合自然地理学学科体系。针对日趋严峻的气候变化、资源环境和社会经济发展问题,北京大学综合自然地理学在陆地表层过程及机理、土地利用/覆被变化及其生态环境效应、生态系统服务与人类福祉、生态风险评价与安全格局构建、自然地域系统划分等方面进行了开拓创新,取得了丰硕成果,引领了中国综合自然地理学的发展。展望未来,北京大学综合自然地理学将持续进行水、土、气、生等自然地理要素与过程的综合研究,认识人类活动与全球环境变化对主要自然地理过程和格局的影响机理,通过构建观测数据与地表系统模型融合系统,定量评估要素与过程耦合的区域资源环境效应及其对社会经济的影响,在生态文明建设、主体功能区划、国土开发整治和流域综合管理等国家战略服务方面做出更大贡献。     

基于同行评审视角的地理学论文写作与投稿

地理学论文是地理学研究成果的重要体现形式,也是地理科技信息传递和存储的重要载体。如何将科研成果以论文形式较快地发表于影响力较大的科技期刊,让科研成果得到社会认可,是地理工作者最关心的问题。在分析地理学论文的潜在期刊类型及目标期刊的选择原则基础上,指出具有统一在线采编系统的期刊集群将成为发展趋势并极大地方便作者投稿。在分析了当前学术期刊同行评审形式及同行评审专家选择原则的基础上,从同行评审视角对论文写作过程中的选题创新性、研究方法、摘要、引言、讨论与结论、地理图表、参考文献等内容进行了探讨。最后,在分析同行审稿意见类型的基础上,将同行评审意见概括为修稿或退稿2种类型,针对性地提出作者应如何根据审稿意见进行论文修改并对审稿意见进行回复;对于退稿意见,也应该认真分析同行专家的评审意见,找出文章的问题所在,进行文章研究方法、研究内容等方面的全面修改或完善,在确定解决相关问题后再重新投稿。地理学论文是地理学研究成果的重要体现形式,也是地理科技信息传递和存储的重要载体。如何将科研成果以论文形式较快地发表于影响力较大的科技期刊,让科研成果得到社会认可,是地理工作者最关心的问题。在分析地理学论文的潜在期刊类型及目标期刊的选择原则基础上,指出具有统一在线采编系统的期刊集群将成为发展趋势并极大地方便作者投稿。在分析了当前学术期刊同行评审形式及同行评审专家选择原则的基础上,从同行评审视角对论文写作过程中的选题创新性、研究方法、摘要、引言、讨论与结论、地理图表、参考文献等内容进行了探讨。最后,在分析同行审稿意见类型的基础上,将同行评审意见概括为修稿或退稿2种类型,针对性地提出作者应如何根据审稿意见进行论文修改并对审稿意见进行回复;对于退稿意见,也应该认真分析同行专家的评审意见,找出文章的问题所在,进行文章研究方法、研究内容等方面的全面修改或完善,在确定解决相关问题后再重新投稿。     

Introduction: Toward More Inclusive and Comparative Perspectives in the Histories of Geographical Knowledge

Over the past three decades, feminist historiography of geography has begun to situate women's contribution to the production of geographical knowledge within the histories of geography, at times against the conviction of skeptical colleagues. In this Focus Section introduction, we renew Domosh's (1991a Domosh, M. 1991a. Beyond the frontiers of geographical knowledge. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 16 (4): 488–90.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], 1991b ———. 1991b. Toward a feminist historiography of geography. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 16 (1): 95–104.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) call for creating more inclusive feminist histories of geography by situating the three focus section articles on the careers and contributions of women in twentieth-century geographical practice and knowledge production in the United Kingdom and the United States within wider debates about diverse, unfamiliar, and previously hidden aspects of geographical knowledge production. We argue that feminist historiography of geography and feminist historical geography could benefit from continuously diversifying inclusive and comparative research perspectives, and from unlocking diverse archives, to enhance understanding of why and how some male and some female gatekeepers have been more supportive of women than others.     

Knowledge rationales in human geography: Economic,policy, empowerment,and methodological

The article presents a systematic review of 152 articles in which the concept of knowledge is applied and that are published in international human geography journals. As the importance of knowledge in society is increasing, especially economic geography has taken up the task of reviewing the concept or role of knowledge in geography. However, there is a need for a more nuanced understanding of knowledge in economic geography, drawing more broadly on human geographical research. The authors analyse how the concept of knowledge is understood and applied in contemporary human geography. Their results demonstrate four knowledge rationales: economic, policy, empowerment, and methodological. Each rationale and their combinations display a particular role and purpose for knowledge, as well as a distinct approach to space. Separately, each rationale provides several insights into a more nuanced understanding of specific aspects of knowledge. When combined, the four rationales offer a holistic overview of the field. The authors conclude that the empowerment rationale offers novel methodological choices towards a more nuanced understanding of knowledge in economic geography.     

“A Royal Geographical Society for Ladies”: The Lyceum Club and Women's Geographical Frontiers in Edwardian London

This article reconstructs the history, organization, and campaigning function of the Geographical Circle of the Lyceum Club—a membership group that, under the leadership of Bessie Pullen-Burry (1858–1937), sought to promote and legitimize women's geographical work in early twentieth-century Britain. Through an examination of archival material and contemporary press coverage, I document the Geographical Circle's efforts to establish itself as a professional body for women geographers and to lobby for their admission to the Royal Geographical Society. Although considerable scholarly attention has been paid to women geographers’ individual contributions to the discipline, their cooperative, professionalizing endeavors have been comparatively neglected. In tracing the parallel history of the Circle as an example of women's self-organization, and of Pullen-Burry as an independent campaigner, I argue that a nuanced account of women's professionalization in geography demands attention to both individual and collective endeavors.