边缘裂缝圆盘砂岩试体III型断裂韧度量测之研究

针对含边缘裂缝之砂岩试体受反平面剪力情形进行了III型断裂韧度量测试验,搭配相关所推导之理论公式求取砂岩III型断裂韧度。研究试验条件为无围压及单轴荷重加载下进行III型断裂试验,且针对试体受高温后之性质改变为变量条件加以探讨。研究结果表明,以该方式进行III型断裂韧度之量测,为可靠且稳定;砂岩经历温度在200 ℃前,试体III型断裂韧度会提升,之后呈现下降,到600 ℃,下降趋于平缓;随着烧结温度的提升,单压强度、动态杨氏模量、动态泊松比与III型断裂韧度皆有下降之趋势,且试体出现熔融样态,表面出现明显微裂纹。     

Two kinds of moment ratio diagrams and their applications in hydrology

We refocus attention on moment ratio diagrams and their uses in hydrology with four major objectives: (1) to summarize the information available in the literature about possible uses of the traditional moment ratio diagram introduced by Karl Pearson, which uses the coefficient of skewness and of kurtosis to compare the shapes of various distributions commonly used in hydrology; (2) to complete this traditional MRD by integrating into it the regions occupied by the log-Pearson Type III and generalized gamma distributions which are more and more used in hydrology; (3) to present another MRD which uses ratios of moments of orders –1 (harmonic mean), quasi zero (geometric mean) and 1 (arithmetic mean); (4) to stress the need to consider the different MRD's (along with the more recently introduced L-moment ratio diagrams) as complementary tools for choosing between distributions fitted to hydrologic data. Finally, using Monte Carlo simulation we compare the two types of diagrams as tools to identify and discriminate between different distributions.     

Charakterisierung von Al(III)-Spezies in basischen Aluminiumchlorid-Flockungsmitteln mittels Ferronreaktion bzw. 27Al-Kernresonanzspektroskopie Characterization of Al(III) Species in Basic Aluminium Chloride Flocculants by Means of Ferron Method and 27 Al Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

Flocculant processes as a treatment step in water and wastewater purification technology are of increasing importance. Partially neutralized aqueous aluminium chloride solutions — the basic aluminium chlorides — are often used as flocculants in water conditioning. The present paper describes the reactions which appear in these solutions by their dilution, the identification of occurring cationic aluminium species, and the relations between the composition of the solutions and their efficiency as flocculants. The solutions were quantitatively analyzed using ²⁷Al NMR and the ferron method; the latter method offers a simple and inexpensive alternative for identification and quantification of aluminium cations and can facilitate investigations of the Al speciation at concentrations too low for analysis by NMR. The distribution of aluminium cations in basic aluminium chloride solutions changes drastically by the dilution while applied as flocculants because the equilibrium strongly depends on the concentration. The dynamic changes following the dilution of partially neutralized solutions were investigated simply by mixing a solution with water and immediate analysis by the ferron method. It could be shown that rearrangement reactions occur in the system, partially overlapping each other, the oligomeric cations seem to be especially instable. Furthermore, a partial change from octahedral to tetrahedral coordination of the aluminium in the species can be observed. At extremely low aluminium concentration as in the case of application of the basic aluminium chloride solutions for flocculation, monomeric and especially transition polymeric and polymeric aluminium cations, respectively, appear. The ratio of these cations to each other also depends on the time up to the flocculation. Accordingly, these cations especially the different polymeric aluminium species seem to be important for the efficiency of the basic aluminium chlorides as flocculants in water conditioning.     

不同形貌纳米二氧化锰对三价砷吸附性能及机理研究

以高锰酸钾和一水硫酸锰为原料,采用水热合成法,合成得到了花状和海胆状纳米二氧化锰吸附剂。研究了两种吸附剂对三价砷的吸附选择性、循环利用性及除砷机理。结果表明,阴离子对花状和海胆状吸附剂吸附三价砷的影响顺序略有不同,其分别为PO■ CO■HCO~-_3NO~-_3SO■Cl~-,PO■HCO■SO■CO■NO~-_3Cl~-;花状和海胆状二氧化锰经三次循环再生后的除砷率分别为65.5%和75.1%;两种吸附剂对三价砷的吸附机理主要为氧化吸附作用。     

风能输入参数对珠江口波浪模拟的影响

珠江口是粤港澳大湾区的核心区域,台风、风暴潮和巨浪等海洋灾害频发,对沿岸人民的生命财产安全构成严重威胁。准确的高分辨率波浪模拟/预报对区域经济建设和防灾减灾具有重要意义。波浪预报/模拟的质量很大程度上取决于风能输入的误差。本研究基于WAVEWATCH III(WW3)的南海-珠江口双重嵌套精细化海浪模式,探讨不同的风场产品与风能输入参数方案组合对珠江口波浪动力过程模拟的影响,确定最优的风场和参数方案组合。ERA5风场更适合珠江口海域的风浪模拟,其模式结果略优于采用CFSR风场的模式结果。ERA5风场+T500方案的组合对珠江口波高变化过程的模拟效果最好,ERA5风场+T471方案的组合次之,ERA5风场+ST6方案再次之。CFSR风场与T471f参数方案最为适配,其结果稍差于ERA5风场+ST6参数方案。T500方案调整高风速下的风能输入和涌浪对风能输入的反馈作用,并考虑水深引起的波浪破碎效应,更适合水深限制的珠江口浅水区域。另外,WW3模式开关ST4的参数方案的表现优于开关ST6的参数方案。     

珠三坳陷有机包裹体应用研究

珠三坳陷由于其多样的烃源条件,多套生储盖组合,使得含油气系统复杂化,为了解我油气分布、运移、聚集和成藏的质规律,本文运用有机包裹体对该区的烃源、油气藏注入史以及油气运聚与断裂发育的关系进行了研究,研究中３采用荧光偏光显微镜、显微冷热台、显微傅立叶变换红外光谱、Ｒｂ－Ｓｒ同位素等多项有机包裹体分析技术,研究结果认为：珠三坳陷琼海凸起上的两其期有机包裹体无论是类型、期次、分布特征、均一温度还是成熟度,     

风暴增水随机分析的过阈法及其统计计算模式

以青岛大港观测站 32年增水过程为例 ,探讨风暴增水工程设计参数的频率分析法 ,进行了不同阈值序列及各种理论线型的分布拟合。首次提出 Poisson- Pearson- III型分布模式 ,并将其用于工程计算 :对比分析 POT法与年极值法的计算结果 ;给出青岛大港站风暴增水多年一遇设计值 ,为进一步科学地确定海岸防潮工程设计水位奠定了基础。     

刚果民主共和国三级成矿区带划分

刚果(金)前寒武纪地质构造初步划分为太古宙刚果克拉通(>2500Ma)、中元古代活动带(1800~1100Ma)和新元古代(1100~550Ma)活动带。刚果(金)共划分出11个Ⅲ级成矿区带,其中新元古代中非铜-钴成矿带(Ⅲ-8)、中元古代基巴拉锡-铌-钽多金属成矿带(Ⅲ-5)和中元古代卡拉圭-安科莱锡-铌-钽多金属成矿带(Ⅲ-6)是世界上著名的成矿带。最后分析了刚果金具有优势的矿产资源有金刚石、铜、钴、钽、铌、铀、金和铁。     

电子探针定量分析直接测定含铁矿物中二价和三价铁

研究表明,含铁矿物中铁的平均价态(反映Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)含量)与Fe Lβ/Fe Lα值呈正比关系曲线。未知样品只要测得TFeO含量和Fe Lβ、Fe Lα的计数值,就可以分别获得FeO和Fe_2O_3的定量分析结果。经几种含铁矿物测定实例验证,说明方法可行。